Featured Researches

General Economics

An Empirical Evaluation On The Effectiveness Of Medicaid Expansion Across 49 States

In 2014 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) introduced the expansion of Medicaid where states can opt to expand the eligibility for those in need of free health insurance. In this paper, we attempt to assess the effectiveness of Medicaid expansion on health outcomes of state populations using Difference-in-Difference (DD) regressions to seek for causal impacts of expanding Medicaid on health outcomes in 49 states. We find that in the time frame of 2013 to 2016, Medicaid expansion seems to have had no significant impact on the health outcomes of states that have chosen to expand.

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General Economics

An authenticated and secure accounting system for international emissions trading

Expanding multi-country emissions trading system is considered as crucial to fill the existing mitigation gap for the 2\degree C climate target. Trustworthy emissions accounting is the cornerstone of such a system encompassing different jurisdictions. However, traditional emissions measuring, reporting, and verification practices that support data authenticity might not be applicable as detailed data from large utilities and production facilities to be covered in the multi-country emissions trading system are usually highly sensitive and of severe national security concern. In this study, we propose a cryptographic framework for an authenticated and secure emissions accounting system that can resolve this data dilemma. We demonstrate that integrating a sequence of cryptographic protocols can preserve data authenticity and security for a stylized multi-country emissions trading system. We call for more research to promote applications of modern cryptography in future international climate governance to build trust and strengthen collaboration.

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General Economics

An energy-based macroeconomic model validated by global historical series since 1820

Global historical series spanning the last two centuries recently became available for primary energy consumption (PEC) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Based on a thorough analysis of the data, we propose a new, simple macroeconomic model whereby physical power is fueling economic power. From 1820 to 1920, the linearity between global PEC and world GDP justifies basic equations where, originally, PEC incorporates unskilled human labor that consumes and converts energy from food. In a consistent model, both physical capital and human capital are fed by PEC and represent a form of stored energy. In the following century, from 1920 to 2016, GDP grows quicker than PEC. Periods of quasi-linearity of the two variables are separated by distinct jumps, which can be interpreted as radical technology shifts. The GDP to PEC ratio accumulates game-changing innovation, at an average growth rate proportional to PEC. These results seed alternative strategies for modeling and for political management of the climate crisis and the energy transition.

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General Economics

Analysis and Design of Markets for Tradable MobilityCredit Schemes

Tradable mobility credit (TMC) schemes are an approach to travel demand management that have received significant attention in the transportation domain in recent years as a promising means to mitigate the adverse environmental, economic and social effects of urban traffic congestion. In TMC schemes, a regulator provides an initial endowment of mobility credits (or tokens) to all potential travelers. In order to use the transportation system, travelers need to spend a certain amount of tokens (tariff) that could vary with their choice of mode, route, departure time etc. The tokens can be bought and sold in a market that is managed by and operated by a regulator at a price that is dynamically determined by the demand and supply of tokens. This paper proposes and analyzes alternative market models for a TMC system (focusing on market design aspects such as allocation/expiration of credits, rules governing trading, transaction costs, regulator intervention, price dynamics), and develops a methodology to explicitly model the disaggregate behavior of individuals within the market. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted within a departure time context for the morning commute problem to compare the performance of the alternative designs relative to congestion pricing and a no control scenario. The simulation experiments employ a day to day assignment framework wherein transportation demand is modeled using a logit-mixture model and supply is modeled using a standard bottleneck model. The paper addresses a growing and imminent need to develop methodologies to realistically model TMCs that are suited for real-world deployments and can help us better understand the performance of these systems and the impact in particular, of market dynamics.

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General Economics

Analysis of the main factors for the configuration of green ports in Colombia

This study analyzes the factors affecting the configuration and consolidation of green ports in Colombia. For this purpose a case stady of maritime cargo ports of Cartagena, Barranquilla and Santa Marta is performed addressing semiestructured interviews to identify the factors contributing to the consolidation of green ports and the factors guiding the sustainability management in the ports that have not yet been certified as green ports. The results show that environmental regulations are atarting point not the key factor to consolidate asgreen ports. As a conclusions, the conversion of Colombian to green ports should not be limited to the attaiment of certifications, such as Ecoport certification, but should ensure the contribution to sustainable development through economic, social and environmental dimensions and the achievement of the SDGs

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General Economics

Analyzing the response to TV serials retelecast during COVID19 lockdown in India

TV serials are a popular source of entertainment. The ongoing COVID19 lockdown has a high probability of degrading the publics mental health. The Government of India started the retelecast of yesteryears popular TV serials on public broadcaster Doordarshan from 28th March 2020 to 31st July 2020. Tweets corresponding to the Doordarshan hashtag were mined to create a dataset. The experiment aims to analyze the publics response to the retelecast of TV serials by calculating the sentiment score of the tweet dataset. Datasets mean sentiment score of 0.65 and high share 64.58% of positive tweets signifies the acceptance of Doordarshans retelecast decision. The sentiment analysis result also reflects the positive state of mind of the public.

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General Economics

Análise dos fatores determinantes para o decreto de prisão preventiva em casos envolvendo acusações por roubo, tráfico de drogas e furto: Um estudo no âmbito das cidades mais populosas do Paraná

Based on the theoretical assumptions of the Labeling Approach, Critical Criminology and Behavioral Economics, taking into account that almost half of the Brazilian prison population is composed of individuals who are serving pre-trial detention, it was sought to assess the characteristics of the flagranteated were presented as determinants to influence the subjectivity of the judges in the decision to determine, or not, the custody of these. The research initially adopted a deductive methodology, based on the principle that external objective factors encourage magistrates to decide in a certain sense. It was then focused on the identification of which characteristics of the flagranteated and allegedly committed crimes would be relevant to guide such decisions. Subsequently, after deduction of such factors, an inductive methodology was adopted, analyzing the data from the theoretical assumptions pointed out. During the research, 277 decisions were analyzed, considering decision as individual decision and not custody hearing. This sample embarked decisions of six judges among the largest cities of the State of Paraná and concerning the crimes of theft, robbery and drug trafficking. It was then concluded that the age, gender, social class and type of accusation that the flagranteated suffered are decisive for the decree of his provisional arrest, being that, depending on the judge competent in the case, the chances of the decree can increase in Up to 700%, taking into account that the circumstantial and causal variables are constant. Given the small sample size, as far as the number of judges is concerned, more extensive research is needed so that conclusions of national validity can be developed.

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General Economics

Application of a system of indicatirs for assessing the socio-economic situation of a subject based on digital shadows

The development of Digital Economy sets its own requirements for the formation and development of so-called digital doubles and digital shadows of real objects (subjects/regions). An integral element of their development and application is a multi-level matrix of targets and resource constraints (time, financial, technological, production, etc.). The volume of statistical information collected for a digital double must meet several criteria: be objective, characterize the real state of the managed object as accurately as possible, contain all the necessary information on all managed parameters, and at the same time avoid unnecessary and duplicate indicators ("information garbage"). The relevance of forming the profile of the "digital shadow of the region" in the context of multitasking and conflict of departmental and Federal statistics predetermined the goal of the work-to form a system of indicators of the socio-economic situation of regions based on the harmonization of information resources. In this study, an inventory of the composition of indicators of statistical forms for their relevance and relevance was carried out on the example of assessing the economic health of the subject and the level of provision of banking services

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General Economics

Applications of the Coase Theorem

The Coase Theorem has a central place in the theory of environmental economics and regulation. But its applicability for solving real-world externality problems remains debated. In this paper, we first place this seminal contribution in its historical context. We then survey the experimental literature that has tested the importance of the many, often tacit assumptions in the Coase Theorem in the laboratory. We discuss a selection of applications of the Coase Theorem to actual environmental problems, distinguishing between situations in which the polluter or the pollutee pays. While limited in scope, Coasian bargaining over externalities offers a pragmatic solution to problems that are difficult to solve in any other way.

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General Economics

Approximate Expected Utility Rationalization

We propose a new measure of deviations from expected utility theory. For any positive number~ e , we give a characterization of the datasets with a rationalization that is within~ e (in beliefs, utility, or perceived prices) of expected utility theory. The number~ e can then be used as a measure of how far the data is to expected utility theory. We apply our methodology to data from three large-scale experiments. Many subjects in those experiments are consistent with utility maximization, but not with expected utility maximization. Our measure of distance to expected utility is correlated with subjects' demographic characteristics.

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