Dijet resonance search with weak supervision using s √ =13 TeV pp collisions in the ATLAS detector
EEUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
Submitted to: Phys. Rev. Lett. CERN-EP-2020-062May 7, 2020
Dijet resonance search with weak supervisionusing √ s =
13 TeV p p collisions in the ATLAS detector
The ATLAS Collaboration
This Letter describes a search for resonant new physics using a machine-learning anomalydetection procedure that does not rely on a signal model hypothesis. Weakly supervisedlearning is used to train classifiers directly on data to enhance potential signals. The targetedtopology is dijet events and the features used for machine learning are the masses of the two jets.The resulting analysis is essentially a three-dimensional search A → BC , for m A ∼ O( TeV ) , m B , m C ∼ O(
100 GeV ) and B , C are reconstructed as large-radius jets, without paying apenalty associated with a large trials factor in the scan of the masses of the two jets. The fullRun 2 √ s =
13 TeV pp collision data set of 139 fb − recorded by the ATLAS detector at theLarge Hadron Collider is used for the search. There is no significant evidence of a localizedexcess in the dijet invariant mass spectrum between 1.8 and 8.2 TeV. Cross-section limits fornarrow-width A , B , and C particles vary with m A , m B , and m C . For example, when m A = m B (cid:38)
200 GeV, a production cross section between 1 and 5 fb is excluded at 95%confidence level, depending on m C . For certain masses, these limits are up to 10 times moresensitive than those obtained by the inclusive dijet search. © 2020 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration.Reproduction of this article or parts of it is allowed as specified in the CC-BY-4.0 license. a r X i v : . [ h e p - e x ] M a y search for dijet resonances is one of the first analyses performed when a hadron collider reaches a newcenter-of-mass energy [1–8]. While such searches are sensitive to nearly all resonance decays A → BC ,dedicated searches for particular decays will always be more sensitive. This is the motivation for dedicatedresonance searches for the case where B and C are τ -leptons [9, 10], b -quarks [11–13], top quarks [14, 15],vector bosons [16, 17], Higgs bosons [18–23], and more, including asymmetric combinations. In all cases,a selection on the structure of the energy flow from each side of the decay is used to enhance events with thetargeted topology. Searches for any combination of Standard Model (SM) particles can be well-motivatedby one or more theory frameworks beyond the SM (BSM), but not all combinations are currently coveredby dedicated searches [24]. Furthermore, there are only a small number of searches [25–39] that cover thevast set of possibilities where at least one of B or C is itself a BSM particle [40]. There is no previoussearch where all of A , B and C are BSM particles and can have different masses.While it is crucial to continue searching for particular dijet topologies, the fact that not all SM and BSMpossibilities are covered suggests that a complementary generic search effort is required. What is needed isa method for searching for many topologies all at once that ideally does not pay a large statistical trials factor.A variety of existing and proposed model-agnostic searches range from nearly signal model-independentbut fully background model-dependent [41–56] (because they compare data with SM simulation) to varyingdegrees of partial signal-model and background-model independence [57–72]. The method used for thisanalysis employs a machine-learning-based anomaly detection procedure to perform a dijet search in whichthe jets from a potential signal have a nontrivial but unknown structure [70, 71]. Simply stated, classifiersare trained to distinguish particular dijet invariant mass bins from their neighbors. Localized resonanceswill be enhanced with a selection based on the classifier.This Letter presents a search for a generic A → BC resonance, in which all of A , B and C could beBSM particles and the decay products of B and C can be contained within single large-radius jets. Thesearch uses events collected by the ATLAS detector [73, 74] using the full 139 fb − Run 2 √ s =
13 TeV pp collision data set. Weakly supervised classifiers are used to enhance potential signals without usingsimulations of any particular signal models.Events with at least two jets are considered, and the invariant mass distribution of the two leading jets is usedto perform a ‘bump hunt’. Jets are formed [75, 76] from locally calibrated calorimeter cell-clusters [77]using the anti- k t algorithm [78] with a radius parameter of R = .
0. These jets are trimmed [79] byreclustering the jet constituents with the k t algorithm using R = . p T ) less than 5% of the original jet p T . The jet four-vectors are then calibrated asdetailed in Ref. [80]. The two jets are required to each have p T >
200 GeV and pseudorapidity | η | < . p T >
500 GeV and two leading jets with a rapidity difference of | ∆ y JJ | < .
2. The p T threshold is chosen so that the online trigger system is fully efficient [81, 82]. Furthermore, both jets musthave jet mass 30 GeV < m J <
500 GeV for stability of the neural network (NN) training described below.The upper threshold reduces the m JJ -dependence of the m J distribution. The bump hunt is performed fordijet invariant masses in the range 2 .
28 TeV < m JJ < .
81 TeV.The masses of the two leading jets are used for classification. As the first application of fully data-drivenmachine-learning anomaly detection, this restricted feature set is used to establish the procedure and is alreadysensitive to a wide range of BSM possibilities. Weakly supervised classifiers for high-energy physics [83–86] aim to distinguish signal from background without having labeled examples for training. In particular,the classification without labels method [83] calls for two mixed samples that are statistically identical aside Pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the angle θ relative to the beam line as η = − ln tan ( θ / ) . m JJ with width 20% × m JJ , chosen to correspond to the detector resolution for a narrow resonance. The signalregions are labeled 0–7 and have boundaries: [ . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . ] TeV.The jet mass probability density varies slowly with m JJ , so neighboring regions in m JJ can be used toconstruct the mixed event samples required for weak supervision. In particular, a network is trained todistinguish between a given m JJ signal region and the two neighboring sideband regions. For the case inwhich some signal is present in the signal region, the network will learn to tag that signal and enhance abump in the m JJ spectrum, while for the case in which there is no signal in the signal region, the tagging ofthe network will be essentially random, and the m JJ spectrum will remain smooth after tagging. Since everysignal region requires two neighboring sidebands, the m JJ regions 1–6 are chosen, and the entire processoutlined below is repeated for each signal region. In order to reduce existing correlations between jet massand m JJ , the jet masses ( m , m ) , with m ≥ m , in each m JJ region are each mapped to be between 0and 1. This mapping is accomplished with the empirical cumulative distribution function of the marginaldistribution over both jets, each of mass m J : m (cid:55)→ n jets (cid:205) n jets i = I [ m > m i ] . The indictor function I [·] is unityif its argument is true and zero otherwise, and the resulting marginal distribution is uniform in each m JJ bin. Additional decorrelation is achieved by assigning the same total weight to each sideband. The NNsperforming the weakly supervised classification using m and m are fully connected networks built fromfour hidden layers with sizes 64, 32, 8, and 1. Rectified linear units connect each intermediate hidden layerand the final activation function is sigmoidal. Networks are implemented in Keras [98] with the Tensorflowback end [99] and minimize the binary cross-entropy using the Adam optimizer [100].In order to eliminate a trial factor associated with ( m , m ) , the NN identifies a region of interest, and noevent is used to train the NN that is applied to it. A k -fold cross-validation procedure is employed inwhich the full data set is divided randomly into k parts of equal size. Among these, k − n classifiers (the training set) with different initializations, and the ( k − ) th part is used todecide, based on the loss, which of these n networks to select (the validation set). The selected networkis then mapped to an efficiency (cid:15) in the k th part (the test set) so that the meaning of the network outputcan be compared across data sets and trainings. The efficiency (cid:15) is defined as the fraction of events witha given NN value or higher. This output is averaged across the k − k times, where each part is a test set exactlyonce. For this analysis, k = n =
3, so there are 3 × × =
60 NNs trained for each signal region.Two event selections from thresholds imposed on the NN outputs are used: one that keeps the 10% mostsignal-region-like events ( (cid:15) = .
1) and one that keeps the 1% most signal-region-like events ( (cid:15) = . | ∆ y JJ | > .
2. For s -channelresonances, it is expected that this inverted rapidity-difference requirement reduces the signal efficiencywhile enhancing the dijet background by over an order of magnitude.Following the validation, first, the performance of the NNs on data is studied with and without injectedsignals. Since the NNs are two-dimensional functions, they can be visualized directly as images. Figure 1presents the network output from a representative signal region in the absence of signal and also in thepresence of injected signals. By construction, there must be a region of low efficiency and the data are thesame in all four plots. In the absence of a signal, regions of low efficiency are located randomly throughoutthe ( m , m ) plane. The signals are W (cid:48) → W Z , for a new vector boson W (cid:48) [102], and the W and Z boson This is similar to the method used in Ref. [87]; additional decorrelation techniques are described in Refs. [88–97].
100 200 300 400 500 m [GeV] m [ G e V ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb No Injected Signal E ff i c i en cy (a) m [GeV] m [ G e V ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb m A =3000 GeVm B =400 GeVm C =80 GeVInjected Signal E ff i c i en cy (b) m [GeV] m [ G e V ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb m A =3000 GeVm B =200 GeVm C =200 GeVInjected Signal E ff i c i en cy (c) m [GeV] m [ G e V ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb m A =3000 GeVm B =400 GeVm C =400 GeVInjected Signal E ff i c i en cy (d) Figure 1: The efficiency mapped output of the NN versus the input variables for the events in signal region 2 forfour cases: (a) there is no injected signal; (b) there is an injected signal of m A = m B =
400 GeV and m C =
80 GeV, (c) there is an injected signal of m A = m B =
200 GeV and m C =
200 GeV, and (d) there isan injected signal of m A = m B =
400 GeV and m C =
400 GeV. The location of ( m B , m C ) for the giveninjected signal is marked with a green × . The injected cross section is just below the limit at low m B and m C fromthe inclusive dijet search [101]. masses are varied, with widths set close to zero. These signals were simulated using Pythia 8.2 [103–105]with the A14 set of tuned parameters [106] and NNPDF 2.3 parton distribution function [107]. All samplesof simulated data were processed using the full ATLAS detector simulation [108] based on Geant4 [109].The amount of signal injected in all cases is about the same as, or less than, the level already excludedby the all-inclusive dijet search [101]. In all cases, the low-efficiency (signal-like) regions of the NN arelocalized near the injected signal. Some signals are easier to find than others; the difficulty is set both bythe relative size of the signal and by the total number of events available for training in the signal vicinity.After applying an event selection based on the NN trained on a particular signal region, the m JJ spectra arefit with a parametric function. The entire m JJ spectrum between 1.8 and 8.2 TeV is fit with a binning of100 GeV; however, a fit signal region and fit sideband region are defined for evaluating the quality of the fit.The fit signal regions are defined as the m JJ signal regions the NN used for training, combined with the4djacent halves of the left and right neighboring regions; the fit sidebands are defined as the complementof the fit signal regions. An iterative procedure is applied until the p -value from the fit sideband χ isgreater than 0.05. Since the NN is trained to distinguish the signal region from its neighboring regions, itis expected that the m JJ spectrum is smooth in the fit sideband region in the presence or absence of a truesignal. First, the data are fit to dn / dx = p ( − x ) p − ξ p x − p , where x = m JJ /√ s , p i are fit parameters,and the ξ i are chosen to ensure that the p i are uncorrelated. If the fit quality is insufficient, an extendedfunction is used instead [101]: dn / dx = p ( − x ) p − ξ p x − p + ( p − ξ p − ξ p ) log ( x ) . If the fit quality remainsinsufficient, a variation of the UA2 [2] fit function is tested: dn / dx = p x p − ξ e − p x + ( p − ξ p − ξ p ) x . If thefit quality is still insufficient, the fit sidebands are reduced by 400 GeV on both sides and the three functionsare tried again in order. This procedure is then iterated until the fit is successful. The fit results in thesignal regions for the (cid:15) = . (cid:15) = .
01 NN efficiency selections are presented in Figure 2. The largestpositive deviation from the fit model is 3 . σ in signal region 1, around 2500 GeV, at (cid:15) = .
1. Globally, thepositive tail of the signal region significance distribution is consistent with a standard normal distributionat the 1 . σ level.The W (cid:48) signal models can be used to set limits on the production cross section of specific new particles. Toillustrate the sensitivity of the analysis to the full three-dimensional parameter space ( m A , m B , m C ) , two m A points and multiple ( m B , m C ) points are selected. As the NN performance depends on the data, newnetworks are trained every time a new signal model and signal cross section are injected into the data. Inorder to reduce statistical fluctuations related to the shape of the signal, for each signal cross section thenetwork is retrained with five random samplings from the signal simulation, and the network with themedian performance is chosen. A profile-likelihood-ratio test with asymptotic formulae [110] is used todetermine 95% confidence intervals for the excluded signal cross section. The excluded cross section isreported as max ( σ CL , σ injected ) , where σ CL is the cross section determined from the profile-likelihood-ratiotest and σ injected is the injected cross section. This procedure is chosen because the network’s performancemay not be as good if there were truly less signal than was injected. The resulting exclusion limits arepresented in Figure 3. As the background expectation is determined entirely from data, the only systematicuncertainty associated with the background is the statistical uncertainty from the fit. The only otherrelevant uncertainties are those related to the signal m JJ and m J modeling; experimental uncertainties in thereconstructed jet kinematics account for about a 10% uncertainty in the excluded cross section.The limits on W (cid:48) production vary with m A , m B , and m C . For m B = m C =
400 GeV, the excluded crosssection is about 1 fb, a significant improvement over existing limits. Lower m B and m C result in weakerlimits because of the larger SM background in those regions; it is therefore difficult for the NN to learnto tag these signals. For some models, such as ( m A , m B , m C ) = ( , , ) GeV, the NN is not able toidentify the signal effectively, resulting in limits weaker than those from previous searches. For comparison,the sensitivities of the ATLAS inclusive dijet search (recast with signals from this paper) [111] andthe all-hadronic diboson resonance search [101] are also shown in Figure 3. The inclusive dijet searchsensitivity decreases for high m B and m C masses due to the use of small-radius jets that do not capture all ofthe B and C decay products. The diboson resonance search has greater sensitivity when m B , m C ≈ m W , m Z ,but it has no sensitivity away from these points. Direct searches for B and C that trigger on initial-stateradiation are also sensitive to these signal models [34–39], but the sensitivity is much weaker than 10 fb.5 v en t s / G e V DataFit
ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 fbs = 0.1 ˛ [GeV] JJ m2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 S i gn i f i c an c e - - (a) E v en t s / G e V DataFit
ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 fbs = 0.01 ˛ [GeV] JJ m2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 S i gn i f i c an c e - - (b) E v en t s / G e V DataFitSignal 1 = 3000 GeV A m Signal 2 = 5000 GeV A m ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 fbs = 0.1 ˛ [GeV] JJ m2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 S i gn i f i c an c e - - (c) E v en t s / G e V DataFitSignal 1 = 3000 GeV A m Signal 2 = 5000 GeV A m ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 fbs = 0.01 ˛ [GeV] JJ m2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 S i gn i f i c an c e - - (d) Figure 2: A comparison of the fitted background and the data in all six signal regions, indicated by vertical dashedlines, and for (a,c) (cid:15) = . (cid:15) = .
01. Dashed histograms represent the fit uncertainty. The lower panel isthe Gaussian-equivalent significance of the deviation between the fit and data. The fits are performed including thesidebands, but only the signal region predictions and observations in each region are shown. As the NN is differentfor each signal region, the presented spectrum is not necessarily smooth. The top plots (a,b) show the result withoutinjected signal, and the bottom plots (c,d) present the same results but with signals injected only for the NN trainingat m A = m A = m B = m C =
200 GeV. The injected cross section foreach signal is just below the limit from the inclusive dijet search [101]. , )( , )( , )( , )( , )( , ) (m B ,m C ) [GeV] % C L E xc l u s i on L i m i t ( pp AB C ) [f b ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb =0.1,m A =3000 GeV ObservedExpected±1 ±2 Dijet ( T < 0.4)Dijet ( T > 0.4)Diboson Search (a) ( , )( , )( , )( , )( , )( , ) (m B ,m C ) [GeV] % C L E xc l u s i on L i m i t ( pp AB C ) [f b ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb =0.01,m A =3000 GeV ObservedExpected±1 ±2 Dijet ( T < 0.4)Dijet ( T > 0.4)Diboson Search (b) ( , )( , )( , )( , )( , )( , ) (m B ,m C ) [GeV] % C L E xc l u s i on L i m i t ( pp AB C ) [f b ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb =0.1,m A =5000 GeV ObservedExpected±1 ±2 Dijet ( T < 0.4)Dijet ( T > 0.4)Diboson Search (c) ( , )( , )( , )( , )( , )( , ) (m B ,m C ) [GeV] % C L E xc l u s i on L i m i t ( pp AB C ) [f b ] ATLAS = 13 TeV, 139 fb =0.01,m A =5000 GeV ObservedExpected±1 ±2 Dijet ( T < 0.4)Dijet ( T > 0.4)Diboson Search (d) Figure 3: 95% confidence level upper limits on the cross section for a variety of signal models, labeled by ( m B , m C ) ,in GeV. The limits are shown for signal models with (a,b) m A = m A = (cid:15) = . (cid:15) = .
01. Also shown are the limits from the ATLAS dijet search [101] and the ATLASall-hadronic diboson search [111]. The inclusive dijet limits are calculated using the W (cid:48) signals from this paper andthe full analysis pipeline of Ref. [101]; the diboson search limits are computed using the Heavy Vector Triplet [112] W (cid:48) signal from Ref. [111]. The acceptance for the W (cid:48) in this paper, compared to the W (cid:48) acceptance in Ref. [111], is86% and 54% for m W (cid:48) =
7n conclusion, this Letter presents a model-agnostic resonance search in the all-hadronic final state usingthe full LHC Run 2 pp data set of the ATLAS experiment. Weakly supervised classification NNs areused to identify the presence of potential signals without training on simulations of any particular signalmodels. For jets produced from Lorentz-boosted heavy-particle decays, this search is more sensitive thanthe inclusive dijet search and extends the coverage of the all-hadronic diboson search to regions away fromthe SM boson masses. This is the first search that covers A → BC production where all of A , B and C areBSM particles that can have different masses. The feature space used by the NNs is only two-dimensional,so there is great potential to extend this method to include additional features and more final states in orderto ensure broad coverage of unanticipated scenarios. Acknowledgments
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from ourinstitutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFWand FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC andCFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia;MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS andCEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC andHong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST,Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA,Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russia Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRSand MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden;SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, UnitedKingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members havereceived support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; ERC, ERDF, Horizon2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions and COST, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex,Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thalesand Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel;CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain;Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular fromCERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3(France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC(Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resourceproviders. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [113].
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Dyndal , S. Dysch , B.S. Dziedzic , M.G. Eggleston , T. Eifert ,G. Eigen , K. Einsweiler , T. Ekelof , H. El Jarrari , V. Ellajosyula , M. Ellert , F. Ellinghaus ,A.A. Elliot , N. Ellis , J. Elmsheuser , M. Elsing , D. Emeliyanov , A. Emerman , Y. Enari ,M.B. Epland , J. Erdmann , A. Ereditato , P.A. Erland , M. Errenst , M. Escalier , C. Escobar ,O. Estrada Pastor , E. Etzion , H. Evans , M.O. Evans , A. Ezhilov , F. Fabbri , L. Fabbri ,V. Fabiani , G. Facini , R.M. Fakhrutdinov , S. Falciano , P.J. Falke , S. Falke , J. Faltova ,Y. Fang , Y. Fang , G. Fanourakis , M. Fanti , M. Faraj , A. Farbin , A. Farilla ,E.M. Farina , T. Farooque , S.M. Farrington , P. Farthouat , F. Fassi , P. Fassnacht ,D. Fassouliotis , M. Faucci Giannelli , W.J. Fawcett , L. Fayard , O.L. Fedin , W. Fedorko ,A. Fehr , M. Feickert , L. Feligioni , A. Fell , C. Feng , M. Feng , M.J. Fenton ,A.B. Fenyuk , S.W. Ferguson , J. Ferrando , A. Ferrante , A. Ferrari , P. Ferrari , R. Ferrari ,D.E. Ferreira de Lima , A. Ferrer , D. Ferrere , C. Ferretti , F. Fiedler , A. Filipčič ,F. Filthaut , K.D. Finelli , M.C.N. Fiolhais , L. Fiorini , F. Fischer , J. Fischer ,W.C. Fisher , T. Fitschen , I. Fleck , P. Fleischmann , T. Flick , B.M. Flierl , L. Flores ,L.R. Flores Castillo , F.M. Follega , N. Fomin , J.H. Foo , G.T. Forcolin , B.C. Forland ,A. Formica , F.A. Förster , A.C. Forti , E. Fortin , M.G. Foti , D. Fournier , H. Fox ,P. Francavilla , S. Francescato , M. Franchini , S. Franchino , D. Francis , L. Franco ,L. Franconi , M. Franklin , G. Frattari , A.N. Fray , P.M. Freeman , B. Freund ,W.S. Freund , E.M. Freundlich , D.C. Frizzell , D. Froidevaux , J.A. Frost , M. Fujimoto ,C. Fukunaga , E. Fullana Torregrosa , T. Fusayasu , J. Fuster , A. Gabrielli , A. Gabrielli ,S. Gadatsch , P. Gadow , G. Gagliardi , L.G. Gagnon , G.E. Gallardo , E.J. Gallas ,B.J. Gallop , R. Gamboa Goni , K.K. Gan , S. Ganguly , J. Gao , Y. Gao , Y.S. Gao ,F.M. Garay Walls , C. García , J.E. García Navarro , J.A. García Pascual , C. Garcia-Argos ,18. Garcia-Sciveres , R.W. Gardner , N. Garelli , S. Gargiulo , C.A. Garner , V. Garonne ,S.J. Gasiorowski , P. Gaspar , A. Gaudiello , G. Gaudio , I.L. Gavrilenko , A. Gavrilyuk ,C. Gay , G. Gaycken , E.N. Gazis , A.A. Geanta , C.M. Gee , C.N.P. Gee , J. Geisen ,M. Geisen , C. Gemme , M.H. Genest , C. Geng , S. Gentile , S. George , T. Geralis ,L.O. Gerlach , P. Gessinger-Befurt , G. Gessner , S. Ghasemi , M. Ghasemi Bostanabad ,M. Ghneimat , A. Ghosh , A. Ghosh , B. Giacobbe , S. Giagu , N. Giangiacomi ,P. Giannetti , A. Giannini , G. Giannini , S.M. Gibson , M. Gignac , D.T. Gil , B.J. Gilbert ,D. Gillberg , G. Gilles , D.M. Gingrich , M.P. Giordani , P.F. Giraud , G. Giugliarelli ,D. Giugni , F. Giuli , S. Gkaitatzis , I. Gkialas , E.L. Gkougkousis , P. Gkountoumis ,L.K. Gladilin , C. Glasman , J. Glatzer , P.C.F. Glaysher , A. Glazov , G.R. Gledhill ,I. Gnesi , M. Goblirsch-Kolb , D. Godin , S. Goldfarb , T. Golling , D. Golubkov ,A. Gomes , R. Goncalves Gama , R. Gonçalo , G. Gonella , L. Gonella ,A. Gongadze , F. Gonnella , J.L. Gonski , S. González de la Hoz , S. Gonzalez Fernandez ,R. Gonzalez Lopez , C. Gonzalez Renteria , R. Gonzalez Suarez , S. Gonzalez-Sevilla ,G.R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez , L. Goossens , N.A. Gorasia , P.A. Gorbounov , H.A. Gordon ,B. Gorini , E. Gorini , A. Gorišek , A.T. Goshaw , M.I. Gostkin , C.A. Gottardo ,M. Gouighri , A.G. Goussiou , N. Govender , C. Goy , I. Grabowska-Bold , E.C. Graham ,J. Gramling , E. Gramstad , S. Grancagnolo , M. Grandi , V. Gratchev , P.M. Gravila ,F.G. Gravili , C. Gray , H.M. Gray , C. Grefe , K. Gregersen , I.M. Gregor , P. Grenier ,K. Grevtsov , C. Grieco , N.A. Grieser , A.A. Grillo , K. Grimm , S. Grinstein , J.-F. Grivaz ,S. Groh , E. Gross , J. Grosse-Knetter , Z.J. Grout , C. Grud , A. Grummer , J.C. Grundy ,L. Guan , W. Guan , C. Gubbels , J. Guenther , A. Guerguichon , J.G.R. Guerrero Rojas ,F. Guescini , D. Guest , R. Gugel , A. Guida , T. Guillemin , S. Guindon , U. Gul , J. Guo ,W. Guo , Y. Guo , Z. Guo , R. Gupta , S. Gurbuz , G. Gustavino , M. Guth , P. Gutierrez ,C. Gutschow , C. Guyot , C. Gwenlan , C.B. Gwilliam , E.S. Haaland , A. Haas , C. Haber ,H.K. Hadavand , A. Hadef , M. Haleem , J. Haley , J.J. Hall , G. Halladjian , G.D. Hallewell ,K. Hamano , H. Hamdaoui , M. Hamer , G.N. Hamity , K. Han , L. Han , S. Han ,Y.F. Han , K. Hanagaki , M. Hance , D.M. Handl , M.D. Hank , R. Hankache , E. Hansen ,J.B. Hansen , J.D. Hansen , M.C. Hansen , P.H. Hansen , E.C. Hanson , K. Hara ,T. Harenberg , S. Harkusha , P.F. Harrison , N.M. Hartman , N.M. Hartmann , Y. Hasegawa ,A. Hasib , S. Hassani , S. Haug , R. Hauser , L.B. Havener , M. Havranek , C.M. Hawkes ,R.J. Hawkings , S. Hayashida , D. Hayden , C. Hayes , R.L. Hayes , C.P. Hays , J.M. Hays ,H.S. Hayward , S.J. Haywood , F. He , Y. He , M.P. Heath , V. Hedberg , S. Heer ,A.L. Heggelund , C. Heidegger , K.K. Heidegger , W.D. Heidorn , J. Heilman , S. Heim ,T. Heim , B. Heinemann , J.J. Heinrich , L. Heinrich , J. Hejbal , L. Helary , A. Held ,S. Hellesund , C.M. Helling , S. Hellman , C. Helsens , R.C.W. Henderson , Y. Heng ,L. Henkelmann , A.M. Henriques Correia , H. Herde , Y. Hernández Jiménez , H. Herr ,M.G. Herrmann , T. Herrmann , G. Herten , R. Hertenberger , L. Hervas , T.C. Herwig ,G.G. Hesketh , N.P. Hessey , H. Hibi , A. Higashida , S. Higashino , E. Higón-Rodriguez ,K. Hildebrand , J.C. Hill , K.K. Hill , K.H. Hiller , S.J. Hillier , M. Hils , I. Hinchliffe ,F. Hinterkeuser , M. Hirose , S. Hirose , D. Hirschbuehl , B. Hiti , O. Hladik , D.R. Hlaluku ,J. Hobbs , N. Hod , M.C. Hodgkinson , A. Hoecker , D. Hohn , D. Hohov , T. Holm ,T.R. Holmes , M. Holzbock , L.B.A.H. Hommels , T.M. Hong , J.C. Honig , A. Hönle ,B.H. Hooberman , W.H. Hopkins , Y. Horii , P. Horn , L.A. Horyn , S. Hou , A. Hoummada ,J. Howarth , J. Hoya , M. Hrabovsky , J. Hrdinka , J. Hrivnac , A. Hrynevich , T. Hryn’ova ,P.J. Hsu , S.-C. Hsu , Q. Hu , S. Hu , Y.F. Hu , D.P. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Huang ,Z. Hubacek , F. Hubaut , M. Huebner , F. Huegging , T.B. Huffman , M. Huhtinen ,19. Hulsken , R.F.H. Hunter , P. Huo , N. Huseynov , J. Huston , J. Huth , R. Hyneman ,S. Hyrych , G. Iacobucci , G. Iakovidis , I. Ibragimov , L. Iconomidou-Fayard , P. Iengo ,R. Ignazzi , O. Igonkina , R. Iguchi , T. Iizawa , Y. Ikegami , M. Ikeno , N. Ilic ,F. Iltzsche , H. Imam , G. Introzzi , M. Iodice , K. Iordanidou , V. Ippolito ,M.F. Isacson , M. Ishino , W. Islam , C. Issever , S. Istin , F. Ito , J.M. Iturbe Ponce ,R. Iuppa , A. Ivina , H. Iwasaki , J.M. Izen , V. Izzo , P. Jacka , P. Jackson , R.M. Jacobs ,B.P. Jaeger , V. Jain , G. Jäkel , K.B. Jakobi , K. Jakobs , T. Jakoubek , J. Jamieson ,K.W. Janas , R. Jansky , M. Janus , P.A. Janus , G. Jarlskog , A.E. Jaspan , N. Javadov ,T. Javůrek , M. Javurkova , F. Jeanneau , L. Jeanty , J. Jejelava , P. Jenni , N. Jeong ,S. Jézéquel , H. Ji , J. Jia , H. Jiang , Y. Jiang , Z. Jiang , S. Jiggins , F.A. Jimenez Morales ,J. Jimenez Pena , S. Jin , A. Jinaru , O. Jinnouchi , H. Jivan , P. Johansson , K.A. Johns ,C.A. Johnson , R.W.L. Jones , S.D. Jones , T.J. Jones , J. Jongmanns , J. Jovicevic , X. Ju ,J.J. Junggeburth , A. Juste Rozas , A. Kaczmarska , M. Kado , H. Kagan , M. Kagan ,A. Kahn , C. Kahra , T. Kaji , E. Kajomovitz , C.W. Kalderon , A. Kaluza ,A. Kamenshchikov , M. Kaneda , N.J. Kang , S. Kang , Y. Kano , J. Kanzaki , L.S. Kaplan ,D. Kar , K. Karava , M.J. Kareem , I. Karkanias , S.N. Karpov , Z.M. Karpova ,V. Kartvelishvili , A.N. Karyukhin , E. Kasimi , A. Kastanas , C. Kato , J. Katzy ,K. Kawade , K. Kawagoe , T. Kawaguchi , T. Kawamoto , G. Kawamura , E.F. Kay ,S. Kazakos , V.F. Kazanin , R. Keeler , R. Kehoe , J.S. Keller , E. Kellermann ,D. Kelsey , J.J. Kempster , J. Kendrick , K.E. Kennedy , O. Kepka , S. Kersten ,B.P. Kerševan , S. Ketabchi Haghighat , M. Khader , F. Khalil-Zada , M. Khandoga ,A. Khanov , A.G. Kharlamov , T. Kharlamova , E.E. Khoda , A. Khodinov ,T.J. Khoo , G. Khoriauli , E. Khramov , J. Khubua , S. Kido , M. Kiehn , C.R. Kilby ,E. Kim , Y.K. Kim , N. Kimura , A. Kirchhoff , D. Kirchmeier , J. Kirk , A.E. Kiryunin ,T. Kishimoto , D.P. Kisliuk , V. Kitali , C. Kitsaki , O. Kivernyk , T. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus ,M. Klassen , C. Klein , M.H. Klein , M. Klein , U. Klein , K. Kleinknecht , P. Klimek ,A. Klimentov , T. Klingl , T. Klioutchnikova , F.F. Klitzner , P. Kluit , S. Kluth , E. Kneringer ,E.B.F.G. Knoops , A. Knue , D. Kobayashi , M. Kobel , M. Kocian , T. Kodama , P. Kodys ,D.M. Koeck , P.T. Koenig , T. Koffas , N.M. Köhler , M. Kolb , I. Koletsou , T. Komarek ,T. Kondo , K. Köneke , A.X.Y. Kong , A.C. König , T. Kono , V. Konstantinides ,N. Konstantinidis , B. Konya , R. Kopeliansky , S. Koperny , K. Korcyl , K. Kordas ,G. Koren , A. Korn , I. Korolkov , E.V. Korolkova , N. Korotkova , O. Kortner , S. Kortner ,V.V. Kostyukhin , A. Kotsokechagia , A. Kotwal , A. Koulouris ,A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi , C. Kourkoumelis , E. Kourlitis , V. Kouskoura , R. Kowalewski ,W. Kozanecki , A.S. Kozhin , V.A. Kramarenko , G. Kramberger , D. Krasnopevtsev ,M.W. Krasny , A. Krasznahorkay , D. Krauss , J.A. Kremer , J. Kretzschmar , P. Krieger ,F. Krieter , A. Krishnan , M. Krivos , K. Krizka , K. Kroeninger , H. Kroha , J. Kroll ,J. Kroll , K.S. Krowpman , U. Kruchonak , H. Krüger , N. Krumnack , M.C. Kruse ,J.A. Krzysiak , A. Kubota , O. Kuchinskaia , S. Kuday , J.T. Kuechler , S. Kuehn , T. Kuhl ,V. Kukhtin , Y. Kulchitsky , S. Kuleshov , Y.P. Kulinich , M. Kuna , T. Kunigo , A. Kupco ,T. Kupfer , O. Kuprash , H. Kurashige , L.L. Kurchaninov , Y.A. Kurochkin , A. Kurova ,M.G. Kurth , E.S. Kuwertz , M. Kuze , A.K. Kvam , J. Kvita , T. Kwan , F. La Ruffa ,C. Lacasta , F. Lacava , D.P.J. Lack , H. Lacker , D. Lacour , E. Ladygin , R. Lafaye ,B. Laforge , T. Lagouri , S. Lai , I.K. Lakomiec , J.E. Lambert , S. Lammers , W. Lampl ,C. Lampoudis , E. Lançon , U. Landgraf , M.P.J. Landon , M.C. Lanfermann , V.S. Lang ,J.C. Lange , R.J. Langenberg , A.J. Lankford , F. Lanni , K. Lantzsch , A. Lanza ,A. Lapertosa , J.F. Laporte , T. Lari , F. Lasagni Manghi , M. Lassnig , T.S. Lau ,20. Laudrain , A. Laurier , M. Lavorgna , S.D. Lawlor , M. Lazzaroni , B. Le ,E. Le Guirriec , A. Lebedev , M. LeBlanc , T. LeCompte , F. Ledroit-Guillon , A.C.A. Lee ,C.A. Lee , G.R. Lee , L. Lee , S.C. Lee , S. Lee , B. Lefebvre , H.P. Lefebvre , M. Lefebvre ,C. Leggett , K. Lehmann , N. Lehmann , G. Lehmann Miotto , W.A. Leight , A. Leisos ,M.A.L. Leite , C.E. Leitgeb , R. Leitner , D. Lellouch , K.J.C. Leney , T. Lenz , S. Leone ,C. Leonidopoulos , A. Leopold , C. Leroy , R. Les , C.G. Lester , M. Levchenko , J. Levêque ,D. Levin , L.J. Levinson , D.J. Lewis , B. Li , B. Li , C-Q. Li , F. Li , H. Li , H. Li ,J. Li , K. Li , L. Li , M. Li , Q. Li , Q.Y. Li , S. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Z. Li ,Z. Li , Z. Li , Z. Liang , M. Liberatore , B. Liberti , A. Liblong , K. Lie , S. Lim ,C.Y. Lin , K. Lin , R.A. Linck , R.E. Lindley , J.H. Lindon , A. Linss , A.L. Lionti , E. Lipeles ,A. Lipniacka , T.M. Liss , A. Lister , J.D. Little , B. Liu , B.L. Liu , H.B. Liu , J.B. Liu ,J.K.K. Liu , K. Liu , M. Liu , P. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y.L. Liu , Y.W. Liu ,M. Livan , A. Lleres , J. Llorente Merino , S.L. Lloyd , C.Y. Lo , E.M. Lobodzinska ,P. Loch , S. Loffredo , T. Lohse , K. Lohwasser , M. Lokajicek , J.D. Long , R.E. Long ,I. Longarini , L. Longo , K.A. Looper , I. Lopez Paz , A. Lopez Solis , J. Lorenz ,N. Lorenzo Martinez , A.M. Lory , P.J. Lösel , A. Lösle , X. Lou , X. Lou , A. Lounis , J. Love ,P.A. Love , J.J. Lozano Bahilo , M. Lu , Y.J. Lu , H.J. Lubatti , C. Luci ,F.L. Lucio Alves , A. Lucotte , F. Luehring , I. Luise , L. Luminari , B. Lund-Jensen ,M.S. Lutz , D. Lynn , H. Lyons , R. Lysak , E. Lytken , F. Lyu , V. Lyubushkin ,T. Lyubushkina , H. Ma , L.L. Ma , Y. Ma , D.M. Mac Donell , G. Maccarrone ,A. Macchiolo , C.M. Macdonald , J.C. Macdonald , J. Machado Miguens , D. Madaffari ,R. Madar , W.F. Mader , M. Madugoda Ralalage Don , N. Madysa , J. Maeda , T. Maeno ,M. Maerker , V. Magerl , N. Magini , J. Magro , D.J. Mahon , C. Maidantchik , T. Maier ,A. Maio , K. Maj , O. Majersky , S. Majewski , Y. Makida , N. Makovec ,B. Malaescu , Pa. Malecki , V.P. Maleev , F. Malek , D. Malito , U. Mallik , D. Malon ,C. Malone , S. Maltezos , S. Malyukov , J. Mamuzic , G. Mancini , I. Mandić ,L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho , I.M. Maniatis , J. Manjarres Ramos , K.H. Mankinen , A. Mann ,A. Manousos , B. Mansoulie , I. Manthos , S. Manzoni , A. Marantis , G. Marceca ,L. Marchese , G. Marchiori , M. Marcisovsky , L. Marcoccia , C. Marcon ,C.A. Marin Tobon , M. Marjanovic , Z. Marshall , M.U.F. Martensson , S. Marti-Garcia ,C.B. Martin , T.A. Martin , V.J. Martin , B. Martin dit Latour , L. Martinelli , M. Martinez ,P. Martinez Agullo , V.I. Martinez Outschoorn , S. Martin-Haugh , V.S. Martoiu ,A.C. Martyniuk , A. Marzin , S.R. Maschek , L. Masetti , T. Mashimo , R. Mashinistov ,J. Masik , A.L. Maslennikov , L. Massa , P. Massarotti , P. Mastrandrea ,A. Mastroberardino , T. Masubuchi , D. Matakias , A. Matic , N. Matsuzawa , P. Mättig ,J. Maurer , B. Maček , D.A. Maximov , R. Mazini , I. Maznas , S.M. Mazza ,J.P. Mc Gowan , S.P. Mc Kee , T.G. McCarthy , W.P. McCormack , E.F. McDonald ,J.A. Mcfayden , G. Mchedlidze , M.A. McKay , K.D. McLean , S.J. McMahon ,P.C. McNamara , C.J. McNicol , R.A. McPherson , J.E. Mdhluli , Z.A. Meadows ,S. Meehan , T. Megy , S. Mehlhase , A. Mehta , B. Meirose , D. Melini , B.R. Mellado Garcia ,J.D. Mellenthin , M. Melo , F. Meloni , A. Melzer , E.D. Mendes Gouveia , L. Meng ,X.T. Meng , S. Menke , E. Meoni , S. Mergelmeyer , S.A.M. Merkt , C. Merlassino ,P. Mermod , L. Merola , C. Meroni , G. Merz , O. Meshkov , J.K.R. Meshreki ,J. Metcalfe , A.S. Mete , C. Meyer , J-P. Meyer , M. Michetti , R.P. Middleton , L. Mijović ,G. Mikenberg , M. Mikestikova , M. Mikuž , H. Mildner , A. Milic , C.D. Milke ,D.W. Miller , A. Milov , D.A. Milstead , R.A. Mina , A.A. Minaenko , I.A. Minashvili ,A.I. Mincer , B. Mindur , M. Mineev , Y. Minegishi , L.M. Mir , M. Mironova , A. Mirto ,21.P. Mistry , T. Mitani , J. Mitrevski , V.A. Mitsou , M. Mittal , O. Miu , A. Miucci ,P.S. Miyagawa , A. Mizukami , J.U. Mjörnmark , T. Mkrtchyan , M. Mlynarikova , T. Moa ,S. Mobius , K. Mochizuki , P. Mogg , S. Mohapatra , R. Moles-Valls , K. Mönig , E. Monnier ,A. Montalbano , J. Montejo Berlingen , M. Montella , F. Monticelli , S. Monzani , N. Morange ,A.L. Moreira De Carvalho , D. Moreno , M. Moreno Llácer , C. Moreno Martinez ,P. Morettini , M. Morgenstern , S. Morgenstern , D. Mori , M. Morii , M. Morinaga ,V. Morisbak , A.K. Morley , G. Mornacchi , A.P. Morris , L. Morvaj , P. Moschovakos ,B. Moser , M. Mosidze , T. Moskalets , J. Moss , E.J.W. Moyse , S. Muanza , J. Mueller ,R.S.P. Mueller , D. Muenstermann , G.A. Mullier , D.P. Mungo , J.L. Munoz Martinez ,F.J. Munoz Sanchez , P. Murin , W.J. Murray , A. Murrone , J.M. Muse , M. Muškinja ,C. Mwewa , A.G. Myagkov , A.A. Myers , G. Myers , J. Myers , M. Myska ,B.P. Nachman , O. Nackenhorst , A.Nag Nag , K. Nagai , K. Nagano , Y. Nagasaka , J.L. Nagle ,E. Nagy , A.M. Nairz , Y. Nakahama , K. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , H. Nanjo ,F. Napolitano , R.F. Naranjo Garcia , R. Narayan , I. Naryshkin , T. Naumann , G. Navarro ,P.Y. Nechaeva , F. Nechansky , T.J. Neep , A. Negri , M. Negrini , C. Nellist , C. Nelson ,M.E. Nelson , S. Nemecek , M. Nessi , M.S. Neubauer , F. Neuhaus , M. Neumann ,R. Newhouse , P.R. Newman , C.W. Ng , Y.S. Ng , Y.W.Y. Ng , B. Ngair , H.D.N. Nguyen ,T. Nguyen Manh , E. Nibigira , R.B. Nickerson , R. Nicolaidou , D.S. Nielsen , J. Nielsen ,M. Niemeyer , N. Nikiforou , V. Nikolaenko , I. Nikolic-Audit , K. Nikolopoulos , P. Nilsson ,H.R. Nindhito , Y. Ninomiya , A. Nisati , N. Nishu , R. Nisius , I. Nitsche , T. Nitta ,T. Nobe , D.L. Noel , Y. Noguchi , I. Nomidis , M.A. Nomura , M. Nordberg , J. Novak ,T. Novak , O. Novgorodova , R. Novotny , L. Nozka , K. Ntekas , E. Nurse , F.G. Oakham ,H. Oberlack , J. Ocariz , A. Ochi , I. Ochoa , J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux , K. O’Connor , S. Oda ,S. Odaka , S. Oerdek , A. Ogrodnik , A. Oh , C.C. Ohm , H. Oide , M.L. Ojeda ,H. Okawa , Y. Okazaki , M.W. O’Keefe , Y. Okumura , T. Okuyama , A. Olariu ,L.F. Oleiro Seabra , S.A. Olivares Pino , D. Oliveira Damazio , J.L. Oliver , M.J.R. Olsson ,A. Olszewski , J. Olszowska , OÖ. Öncel , D.C. O’Neil , A.P. O’neill , A. Onofre ,P.U.E. Onyisi , H. Oppen , R.G. Oreamuno Madriz , M.J. Oreglia , G.E. Orellana ,D. Orestano , N. Orlando , R.S. Orr , V. O’Shea , R. Ospanov , G. Otero y Garzon ,H. Otono , P.S. Ott , G.J. Ottino , M. Ouchrif , J. Ouellette , F. Ould-Saada , A. Ouraou ,Q. Ouyang , M. Owen , R.E. Owen , V.E. Ozcan , N. Ozturk , J. Pacalt , H.A. Pacey ,K. Pachal , A. Pacheco Pages , C. Padilla Aranda , S. Pagan Griso , G. Palacino , S. Palazzo ,S. Palestini , M. Palka , P. Palni , C.E. Pandini , J.G. Panduro Vazquez , P. Pani , G. Panizzo ,L. Paolozzi , C. Papadatos , K. Papageorgiou , S. Parajuli , A. Paramonov , C. Paraskevopoulos ,D. Paredes Hernandez , S.R. Paredes Saenz , B. Parida , T.H. Park , A.J. Parker , M.A. Parker ,F. Parodi , E.W. Parrish , J.A. Parsons , U. Parzefall , L. Pascual Dominguez , V.R. Pascuzzi ,J.M.P. Pasner , F. Pasquali , E. Pasqualucci , S. Passaggio , F. Pastore , P. Pasuwan ,S. Pataraia , J.R. Pater , A. Pathak , J. Patton , T. Pauly , J. Pearkes , B. Pearson ,M. Pedersen , L. Pedraza Diaz , R. Pedro , T. Peiffer , S.V. Peleganchuk , O. Penc ,H. Peng , B.S. Peralva , M.M. Perego , A.P. Pereira Peixoto , L. Pereira Sanchez ,D.V. Perepelitsa , E. Perez Codina , F. Peri , L. Perini , H. Pernegger , S. Perrella ,A. Perrevoort , K. Peters , R.F.Y. Peters , B.A. Petersen , T.C. Petersen , E. Petit , V. Petousis ,A. Petridis , C. Petridou , P. Petroff , F. Petrucci , M. Pettee , N.E. Pettersson ,K. Petukhova , A. Peyaud , R. Pezoa , L. Pezzotti , T. Pham , F.H. Phillips ,P.W. Phillips , M.W. Phipps , G. Piacquadio , E. Pianori , A. Picazio , R.H. Pickles ,R. Piegaia , D. Pietreanu , J.E. Pilcher , A.D. Pilkington , M. Pinamonti , J.L. Pinfold ,C. Pitman Donaldson , M. Pitt , L. Pizzimento , A. Pizzini , M.-A. Pleier , V. Plesanovs ,22. Pleskot , E. Plotnikova , P. Podberezko , R. Poettgen , R. Poggi , L. Poggioli ,I. Pogrebnyak , D. Pohl , I. Pokharel , G. Polesello , A. Poley , A. Policicchio ,R. Polifka , A. Polini , C.S. Pollard , V. Polychronakos , D. Ponomarenko , L. Pontecorvo ,S. Popa , G.A. Popeneciu , L. Portales , D.M. Portillo Quintero , S. Pospisil , K. Potamianos ,I.N. Potrap , C.J. Potter , H. Potti , T. Poulsen , J. Poveda , T.D. Powell , G. Pownall ,M.E. Pozo Astigarraga , P. Pralavorio , S. Prell , D. Price , M. Primavera , M.L. Proffitt ,N. Proklova , K. Prokofiev , F. Prokoshin , S. Protopopescu , J. Proudfoot , M. Przybycien ,D. Pudzha , A. Puri , P. Puzo , D. Pyatiizbyantseva , J. Qian , Y. Qin , A. Quadt ,M. Queitsch-Maitland , M. Racko , F. Ragusa , G. Rahal , J.A. Raine , S. Rajagopalan ,A. Ramirez Morales , K. Ran , D.M. Rauch , F. Rauscher , S. Rave , B. Ravina ,I. Ravinovich , J.H. Rawling , M. Raymond , A.L. Read , N.P. Readioff , M. Reale ,D.M. Rebuzzi , G. Redlinger , K. Reeves , J. Reichert , D. Reikher , A. Reiss , A. Rej ,C. Rembser , A. Renardi , M. Renda , M.B. Rendel , A.G. Rennie , S. Resconi ,E.D. Resseguie , S. Rettie , B. Reynolds , E. Reynolds , O.L. Rezanova , P. Reznicek ,E. Ricci , R. Richter , S. Richter , E. Richter-Was , M. Ridel , P. Rieck , O. Rifki ,M. Rijssenbeek , A. Rimoldi , M. Rimoldi , L. Rinaldi , T.T. Rinn , G. Ripellino , I. Riu ,P. Rivadeneira , J.C. Rivera Vergara , F. Rizatdinova , E. Rizvi , C. Rizzi , S.H. Robertson ,M. Robin , D. Robinson , C.M. Robles Gajardo , M. Robles Manzano , A. Robson ,A. Rocchi , E. Rocco , C. Roda , S. Rodriguez Bosca , A.M. Rodríguez Vera , S. Roe ,J. Roggel , O. Røhne , R. Röhrig , R.A. Rojas , B. Roland , C.P.A. Roland , J. Roloff ,A. Romaniouk , M. Romano , N. Rompotis , M. Ronzani , L. Roos , S. Rosati , G. Rosin ,B.J. Rosser , E. Rossi , E. Rossi , E. Rossi , L.P. Rossi , L. Rossini , R. Rosten ,M. Rotaru , B. Rottler , D. Rousseau , G. Rovelli , A. Roy , D. Roy , A. Rozanov ,Y. Rozen , X. Ruan , T.A. Ruggeri , F. Rühr , A. Ruiz-Martinez , A. Rummler , Z. Rurikova ,N.A. Rusakovich , H.L. Russell , L. Rustige , J.P. Rutherfoord , E.M. Rüttinger , M. Rybar ,G. Rybkin , E.B. Rye , A. Ryzhov , J.A. Sabater Iglesias , P. Sabatini , L. Sabetta ,S. Sacerdoti , H.F-W. Sadrozinski , R. Sadykov , F. Safai Tehrani , B. Safarzadeh Samani ,M. Safdari , P. Saha , S. Saha , M. Sahinsoy , A. Sahu , M. Saimpert , M. Saito , T. Saito ,H. Sakamoto , D. Salamani , G. Salamanna , A. Salnikov , J. Salt , A. Salvador Salas ,D. Salvatore , F. Salvatore , A. Salvucci , A. Salzburger , J. Samarati , D. Sammel ,D. Sampsonidis , D. Sampsonidou , J. Sánchez , A. Sanchez Pineda , H. Sandaker ,C.O. Sander , I.G. Sanderswood , M. Sandhoff , C. Sandoval , D.P.C. Sankey , M. Sannino ,Y. Sano , A. Sansoni , C. Santoni , H. Santos , S.N. Santpur , A. Santra , K.A. Saoucha ,A. Sapronov , J.G. Saraiva , O. Sasaki , K. Sato , F. Sauerburger , E. Sauvan , P. Savard ,R. Sawada , C. Sawyer , L. Sawyer , I. Sayago Galvan , C. Sbarra , A. Sbrizzi ,T. Scanlon , J. Schaarschmidt , P. Schacht , D. Schaefer , L. Schaefer , S. Schaepe , U. Schäfer ,A.C. Schaffer , D. Schaile , R.D. Schamberger , E. Schanet , C. Scharf , N. Scharmberg ,V.A. Schegelsky , D. Scheirich , F. Schenck , M. Schernau , C. Schiavi , L.K. Schildgen ,Z.M. Schillaci , E.J. Schioppa , M. Schioppa , K.E. Schleicher , S. Schlenker ,K.R. Schmidt-Sommerfeld , K. Schmieden , C. Schmitt , S. Schmitt , J.C. Schmoeckel ,L. Schoeffel , A. Schoening , P.G. Scholer , E. Schopf , M. Schott , J.F.P. Schouwenberg ,J. Schovancova , S. Schramm , F. Schroeder , A. Schulte , H-C. Schultz-Coulon ,M. Schumacher , B.A. Schumm , Ph. Schune , A. Schwartzman , T.A. Schwarz ,Ph. Schwemling , R. Schwienhorst , A. Sciandra , G. Sciolla , M. Scornajenghi , F. Scuri ,F. Scutti , L.M. Scyboz , C.D. Sebastiani , P. Seema , S.C. Seidel , A. Seiden , B.D. Seidlitz ,T. Seiss , C. Seitz , J.M. Seixas , G. Sekhniaidze , S.J. Sekula , N. Semprini-Cesari , S. Sen ,C. Serfon , L. Serin , L. Serkin , M. Sessa , H. Severini , S. Sevova , F. Sforza ,23. Sfyrla , E. Shabalina , J.D. Shahinian , N.W. Shaikh , D. Shaked Renous , L.Y. Shan ,M. Shapiro , A. Sharma , A.S. Sharma , P.B. Shatalov , K. Shaw , S.M. Shaw , M. Shehade ,Y. Shen , A.D. Sherman , P. Sherwood , L. Shi , S. Shimizu , C.O. Shimmin , Y. Shimogama ,M. Shimojima , I.P.J. Shipsey , S. Shirabe , M. Shiyakova , J. Shlomi , A. Shmeleva ,M.J. Shochet , J. Shojaii , D.R. Shope , S. Shrestha , E.M. Shrif , E. Shulga , P. Sicho ,A.M. Sickles , E. Sideras Haddad , O. Sidiropoulou , A. Sidoti , F. Siegert , Dj. Sijacki ,M.Jr. Silva , M.V. Silva Oliveira , S.B. Silverstein , S. Simion , R. Simoniello ,C.J. Simpson-allsop , S. Simsek , P. Sinervo , V. Sinetckii , S. Singh , M. Sioli , I. Siral ,S.Yu. Sivoklokov , J. Sjölin , A. Skaf , E. Skorda , P. Skubic , M. Slawinska , K. Sliwa ,R. Slovak , V. Smakhtin , B.H. Smart , J. Smiesko , N. Smirnov , S.Yu. Smirnov ,Y. Smirnov , L.N. Smirnova , O. Smirnova , E.A. Smith , H.A. Smith , M. Smizanska ,K. Smolek , A. Smykiewicz , A.A. Snesarev , H.L. Snoek , I.M. Snyder , S. Snyder ,R. Sobie , A. Soffer , A. Søgaard , F. Sohns , C.A. Solans Sanchez , E.Yu. Soldatov ,U. Soldevila , A.A. Solodkov , A. Soloshenko , O.V. Solovyanov , V. Solovyev , P. Sommer ,H. Son , W. Song , W.Y. Song , A. Sopczak , A.L. Sopio , F. Sopkova , S. Sottocornola ,R. Soualah , A.M. Soukharev , D. South , S. Spagnolo , M. Spalla ,M. Spangenberg , F. Spanò , D. Sperlich , T.M. Spieker , G. Spigo , M. Spina , D.P. Spiteri ,M. Spousta , A. Stabile , B.L. Stamas , R. Stamen , M. Stamenkovic , E. Stanecka ,B. Stanislaus , M.M. Stanitzki , M. Stankaityte , B. Stapf , E.A. Starchenko , G.H. Stark ,J. Stark , P. Staroba , P. Starovoitov , S. Stärz , R. Staszewski , G. Stavropoulos , M. Stegler ,P. Steinberg , A.L. Steinhebel , B. Stelzer , H.J. Stelzer , O. Stelzer-Chilton , H. Stenzel ,T.J. Stevenson , G.A. Stewart , M.C. Stockton , G. Stoicea , M. Stolarski , S. Stonjek ,A. Straessner , J. Strandberg , S. Strandberg , M. Strauss , T. Strebler , P. Strizenec ,R. Ströhmer , D.M. Strom , R. Stroynowski , A. Strubig , S.A. Stucci , B. Stugu , J. Stupak ,N.A. Styles , D. Su , W. Su , X. Su , V.V. Sulin , M.J. Sullivan , D.M.S. Sultan ,S. Sultansoy , T. Sumida , S. Sun , X. Sun , K. Suruliz , C.J.E. Suster , M.R. Sutton ,S. Suzuki , M. Svatos , M. Swiatlowski , S.P. Swift , T. Swirski , A. Sydorenko , I. Sykora ,M. Sykora , T. Sykora , D. Ta , K. Tackmann , J. Taenzer , A. Taffard , R. Tafirout ,E. Tagiev , R. Takashima , K. Takeda , T. Takeshita , E.P. Takeva , Y. Takubo , M. Talby ,A.A. Talyshev , K.C. Tam , N.M. Tamir , J. Tanaka , R. Tanaka , S. Tapia Araya ,S. Tapprogge , A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed , S. Tarem , K. Tariq , G. Tarna ,G.F. Tartarelli , P. Tas , M. Tasevsky , T. Tashiro , E. Tassi , A. Tavares Delgado ,Y. Tayalati , A.J. Taylor , G.N. Taylor , W. Taylor , H. Teagle , A.S. Tee ,R. Teixeira De Lima , P. Teixeira-Dias , H. Ten Kate , J.J. Teoh , S. Terada , K. Terashi ,J. Terron , S. Terzo , M. Testa , R.J. Teuscher , S.J. Thais , N. Themistokleous ,T. Theveneaux-Pelzer , F. Thiele , D.W. Thomas , J.O. Thomas , J.P. Thomas , E.A. Thompson ,P.D. Thompson , E. Thomson , E.J. Thorpe , R.E. Ticse Torres , V.O. Tikhomirov ,Yu.A. Tikhonov , S. Timoshenko , P. Tipton , S. Tisserant , K. Todome ,S. Todorova-Nova , S. Todt , J. Tojo , S. Tokár , K. Tokushuku , E. Tolley , R. Tombs ,K.G. Tomiwa , M. Tomoto , L. Tompkins , P. Tornambe , E. Torrence , H. Torres ,E. Torró Pastor , C. Tosciri , J. Toth , D.R. Tovey , A. Traeet , C.J. Treado , T. Trefzger ,F. Tresoldi , A. Tricoli , I.M. Trigger , S. Trincaz-Duvoid , D.A. Trischuk , W. Trischuk ,B. Trocmé , A. Trofymov , C. Troncon , F. Trovato , L. Truong , M. Trzebinski , A. Trzupek ,F. Tsai , J.C-L. Tseng , P.V. Tsiareshka , A. Tsirigotis , V. Tsiskaridze , E.G. Tskhadadze ,M. Tsopoulou , I.I. Tsukerman , V. Tsulaia , S. Tsuno , D. Tsybychev , Y. Tu , A. Tudorache ,V. Tudorache , T.T. Tulbure , A.N. Tuna , S. Turchikhin , D. Turgeman , I. Turk Cakir ,R.J. Turner , R.T. Turra , P.M. Tuts , S. Tzamarias , E. Tzovara , K. Uchida , F. Ukegawa ,24. Unal , M. Unal , A. Undrus , G. Unel , F.C. Ungaro , Y. Unno , K. Uno , J. Urban ,P. Urquijo , G. Usai , Z. Uysal , V. Vacek , B. Vachon , K.O.H. Vadla , T. Vafeiadis ,A. Vaidya , C. Valderanis , E. Valdes Santurio , M. Valente , S. Valentinetti , A. Valero ,L. Valéry , R.A. Vallance , A. Vallier , J.A. Valls Ferrer , T.R. Van Daalen , P. Van Gemmeren ,S. Van Stroud , I. Van Vulpen , M. Vanadia , W. Vandelli , M. Vandenbroucke ,E.R. Vandewall , A. Vaniachine , D. Vannicola , R. Vari , E.W. Varnes , C. Varni ,T. Varol , D. Varouchas , K.E. Varvell , M.E. Vasile , G.A. Vasquez , F. Vazeille ,D. Vazquez Furelos , T. Vazquez Schroeder , J. Veatch , V. Vecchio , M.J. Veen , L.M. Veloce ,F. Veloso , S. Veneziano , A. Ventura , A. Verbytskyi , V. Vercesi , M. Verducci ,C.M. Vergel Infante , C. Vergis , W. Verkerke , A.T. Vermeulen , J.C. Vermeulen , C. Vernieri ,M.C. Vetterli , N. Viaux Maira , T. Vickey , O.E. Vickey Boeriu , G.H.A. Viehhauser ,L. Vigani , M. Villa , M. Villaplana Perez , E.M. Villhauer , E. Vilucchi , M.G. Vincter ,G.S. Virdee , A. Vishwakarma , C. Vittori , I. Vivarelli , M. Vogel , P. Vokac ,S.E. von Buddenbrock , E. Von Toerne , V. Vorobel , K. Vorobev , M. Vos , J.H. Vossebeld ,M. Vozak , N. Vranjes , M. Vranjes Milosavljevic , V. Vrba , M. Vreeswijk , R. Vuillermet ,I. Vukotic , S. Wada , P. Wagner , W. Wagner , J. Wagner-Kuhr , S. Wahdan , H. Wahlberg ,R. Wakasa , V.M. Walbrecht , J. Walder , R. Walker , S.D. Walker , W. Walkowiak ,V. Wallangen , A.M. Wang , A.Z. Wang , C. Wang , C. Wang , F. Wang , H. Wang ,H. Wang , J. Wang , P. Wang , Q. Wang , R.-J. Wang , R. Wang , R. Wang , S.M. Wang ,W.T. Wang , W. Wang , W.X. Wang , Y. Wang , Z. Wang , C. Wanotayaroj , A. Warburton ,C.P. Ward , D.R. Wardrope , N. Warrack , A.T. Watson , M.F. Watson , G. Watts , B.M. Waugh ,A.F. Webb , C. Weber , M.S. Weber , S.A. Weber , S.M. Weber , A.R. Weidberg ,J. Weingarten , M. Weirich , C. Weiser , P.S. Wells , T. Wenaus , B. Wendland , T. Wengler ,S. Wenig , N. Wermes , M. Wessels , T.D. Weston , K. Whalen , A.M. Wharton , A.S. White ,A. White , M.J. White , D. Whiteson , B.W. Whitmore , W. Wiedenmann , C. Wiel , M. Wielers ,N. Wieseotte , C. Wiglesworth , L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs , H.G. Wilkens , L.J. Wilkins ,H.H. Williams , S. Williams , S. Willocq , P.J. Windischhofer , I. Wingerter-Seez , E. Winkels ,F. Winklmeier , B.T. Winter , M. Wittgen , M. Wobisch , A. Wolf , R. Wölker , J. Wollrath ,M.W. Wolter , H. Wolters , V.W.S. Wong , N.L. Woods , S.D. Worm , B.K. Wosiek ,K.W. Woźniak , K. Wraight , S.L. Wu , X. Wu , Y. Wu , J. Wuerzinger , T.R. Wyatt ,B.M. Wynne , S. Xella , L. Xia , J. Xiang , X. Xiao , X. Xie , I. Xiotidis , D. Xu , H. Xu ,H. Xu , L. Xu , T. Xu , W. Xu , Z. Xu , Z. Xu , B. Yabsley , S. Yacoob , K. Yajima ,D.P. Yallup , N. Yamaguchi , Y. Yamaguchi , A. Yamamoto , M. Yamatani , T. Yamazaki ,Y. Yamazaki , J. Yan , Z. Yan , H.J. Yang , H.T. Yang , S. Yang , T. Yang , X. Yang ,Y. Yang , Z. Yang , W-M. Yao , Y.C. Yap , Y. Yasu , E. Yatsenko , H. Ye , J. Ye , S. Ye ,I. Yeletskikh , M.R. Yexley , E. Yigitbasi , P. Yin , K. Yorita , K. Yoshihara , C.J.S. Young ,C. Young , J. Yu , R. Yuan , X. Yue , M. Zaazoua , B. Zabinski , G. Zacharis , E. Zaffaroni ,J. Zahreddine , A.M. Zaitsev , T. Zakareishvili , N. Zakharchuk , S. Zambito , D. Zanzi ,D.R. Zaripovas , S.V. Zeißner , C. Zeitnitz , G. Zemaityte , J.C. Zeng , O. Zenin , T. Ženiš ,D. Zerwas , M. Zgubič , B. Zhang , D.F. Zhang , G. Zhang , J. Zhang , Kaili. Zhang ,L. Zhang , L. Zhang , M. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. Zhang ,Y. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Z. Zhang , P. Zhao , Z. Zhao , A. Zhemchugov , Z. Zheng ,D. Zhong , B. Zhou , C. Zhou , H. Zhou , M.S. Zhou , M. Zhou , N. Zhou , Y. Zhou ,C.G. Zhu , C. Zhu , H.L. Zhu , H. Zhu , J. Zhu , Y. Zhu , X. Zhuang , K. Zhukov ,V. Zhulanov , D. Zieminska , N.I. Zimine , S. Zimmermann , Z. Zinonos , M. Ziolkowski ,L. Živković , G. Zobernig , A. Zoccoli , K. Zoch , T.G. Zorbas , R. Zou , L. Zwalinski .25 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; Australia. Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany NY; United States of America. Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB; Canada. ( a ) Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; ( b ) Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul; ( c ) Division ofPhysics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara; Turkey. LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy; France. High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL; United States of America. Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ; United States of America. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX; United States of America. Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens; Greece. Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou; Greece. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX; United States of America. ( a ) Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul; ( b ) Istanbul BilgiUniversity, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul; ( c ) Department of Physics, BogaziciUniversity, Istanbul; ( d ) Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep; Turkey. Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona;Spain. ( a ) Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; ( b ) Physics Department,Tsinghua University, Beijing; ( c ) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing; ( d ) University ofChinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing; China. Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; Serbia. Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen; Norway. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA;United States of America. Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany. Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University ofBern, Bern; Switzerland. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom. ( a ) Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño,Bogotá; ( b ) Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Colombia. ( a ) INFN Bologna and Universita’ di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica; ( b ) INFN Sezione di Bologna; Italy. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn; Germany. Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA; United States of America. Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA; United States of America. ( a ) Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov; ( b ) Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and NuclearEngineering, Bucharest; ( c ) Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi; ( d ) NationalInstitute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department,Cluj-Napoca; ( e ) University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; ( f ) West University in Timisoara, Timisoara;Romania. ( a ) Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; ( b ) Department ofSubnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice; SlovakRepublic. Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY; United States of America. Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Argentina. California State University, CA; United States of America. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom.26 ( a ) Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town; ( b ) iThemba Labs, WesternCape; ( c ) Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg; ( d ) University of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria; ( e ) School of Physics,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; South Africa. Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON; Canada. ( a ) Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - UniversitéHassan II, Casablanca; ( b ) Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra; ( c ) Faculté des SciencesSemlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech; ( d ) Faculté des Sciences, Université MohamedPremier and LPTPM, Oujda; ( e ) Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat; Morocco. CERN, Geneva; Switzerland. Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL; United States of America. LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand; France. Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY; United States of America. Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Denmark. ( a ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende; ( b ) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; Italy. Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX; United States of America. Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX; United States of America. National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi; Greece. ( a ) Department of Physics, Stockholm University; ( b ) Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm; Sweden. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen; Germany. Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund; Germany. Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden; Germany. Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC; United States of America. SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; United Kingdom. INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati; Italy. Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany. II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen; Germany. Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; Switzerland. ( a ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova; ( b ) INFN Sezione di Genova; Italy. II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen; Germany. SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; United Kingdom. LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble; France. Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA; United States ofAmerica. ( a ) Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; ( b ) Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Scienceand Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University,Qingdao; ( c ) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC,Shanghai; ( d ) Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai; China. ( a ) Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; ( b ) PhysikalischesInstitut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Germany. Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima; Japan. ( a ) Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; ( b ) Department ofPhysics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; ( c ) Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; China. Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu; Taiwan.27 IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France. Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN; United States of America. ( a ) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine; ( b ) ICTP, Trieste; ( c ) DipartimentoPolitecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Lecce; ( b ) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Milano; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Napoli; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Pavia; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Pisa; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Roma; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma; Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma;Italy. ( a ) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; ( b ) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma; Italy. ( a ) INFN-TIFPA; ( b ) Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento; Italy. Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck; Austria. University of Iowa, Iowa City IA; United States of America. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA; United States of America. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Russia. ( a ) Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz deFora; ( b ) Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; ( c ) Universidade Federal deSão João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei; ( d ) Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo;Brazil. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba; Japan. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe; Japan. ( a ) AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science,Krakow; ( b ) Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Poland. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow; Poland. Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; Japan. Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto; Japan. Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka ;Japan. Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata; Argentina. Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster; United Kingdom. Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; United Kingdom. Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics,University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slovenia. School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London; United Kingdom. Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham; United Kingdom. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London; United Kingdom. Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America. Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund; Sweden. Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3),Villeurbanne; France. Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid; Spain.
Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz; Germany.
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom.
CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; France.28 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; United States of America.
Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC; Canada.
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Australia.
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; United States of America.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United States ofAmerica.
B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk; Belarus.
Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk; Belarus.
Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC; Canada.
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Russia.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow; Russia.
D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow;Russia.
Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Germany.
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München; Germany.
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki; Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya; Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM; United States ofAmerica.
Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef,Nijmegen; Netherlands.
Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam;Netherlands.
Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL; United States of America. ( a ) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk; ( b ) Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk; Russia.
Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino; Russia.
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National ResearchCentre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow; Russia.
Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY; United States of America.
Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan.
Ohio State University, Columbus OH; United States of America.
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK; UnitedStates of America.
Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK; United States of America.
Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc; Czech Republic.
Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; United States of America.
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan.
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo; Norway.
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford; United Kingdom.
LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; France.
Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA; United States of America.
Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg; Russia.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA; United States ofAmerica. ( a ) Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa; ( b ) Departamento de29ísica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; ( c ) Departamento de Física, Universidade deCoimbra, Coimbra; ( d ) Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; ( e ) Departamento deFísica, Universidade do Minho, Braga; ( f ) Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad deGranada, Granada (Spain); ( g ) Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica; ( h ) Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa;Portugal.
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague; Czech Republic.
Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague; Czech Republic.
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague; Czech Republic.
Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot; United Kingdom.
IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette; France.
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA; UnitedStates of America. ( a ) Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; ( b ) Universidad AndresBello, Department of Physics, Santiago; ( c ) Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad deTarapacá; ( d ) Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso; Chile.
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; United States of America.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; United Kingdom.
Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano; Japan.
Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen; Germany.
Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC; Canada.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA; United States of America.
Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Sweden.
Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY; United States ofAmerica.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton; United Kingdom.
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney; Australia.
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Taiwan. ( a ) E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; ( b ) HighEnergy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; Georgia.
Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Israel.
Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Israel.
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; Greece.
International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo,Tokyo; Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo; Japan.
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo; Japan.
Tomsk State University, Tomsk; Russia.
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Canada. ( a ) TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; ( b ) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON;Canada.
Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and AppliedSciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA; United States of America.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA; United States ofAmerica.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala; Sweden.30 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL; United States of America.
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia; Spain.
Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; Canada.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC; Canada.
Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg; Germany.
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry; United Kingdom.
Waseda University, Tokyo; Japan.
Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Israel.
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; United States of America.
Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische UniversitätWuppertal, Wuppertal; Germany.
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT; United States of America. a Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York NY; UnitedStates of America. b Also at Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi; Italy. c Also at CERN, Geneva; Switzerland. d Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; France. e Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève;Switzerland. f Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Spain. g Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios; Greece. h Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; UnitedStates of America. i Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; United States ofAmerica. j Also at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Israel. k Also at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay; United States of America. l Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno; United States of America. m Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento; United States of America. n Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London; United Kingdom. o Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg; Russia. p Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Switzerland. q Also at Dipartimento di Matematica, Informatica e Fisica, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy. r Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; Russia. s Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan. t Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras; Greece. u Also at IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France. v Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona; Spain. w Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; Germany. x Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud UniversityNijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen; Netherlands. y Also at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy ofSciences, Sofia; Bulgaria. z Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest;Hungary. aa Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Vancouver; Canada. ab Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan.31 c Also at Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, Madrid; Spain. ad Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Russia. ae Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America. a f
Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny; Russia. ag Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow; Russia. ah Also at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus; Palestine. ai Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany. aj Also at The City College of New York, New York NY; United States of America. ak Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; Canada. al Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli; Italy. am Also at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing; China. ∗∗