Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN − − − √ =5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
EEUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
Phys. Lett. B 807 (2020) 135595DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135595 CERN-EP-2019-27424th July 2020
Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muonsfrom charm and bottom hadrons in Pb + Pb collisions at √ s NN = .
02 TeV with the ATLASdetector
The ATLAS Collaboration
Azimuthal anisotropies of muons from charm and bottom hadron decays are measured inPb + Pb collisions at √ s NN = .
02 TeV. The data were collected with the ATLAS detectorat the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 0 . − and1 . − , respectively. The kinematic selection for heavy-flavor muons requires transversemomentum 4 < p T <
30 GeV and pseudorapidity | η | < .
0. The dominant sources of muonsin this p T range are semi-leptonic decays of charm and bottom hadrons. These heavy-flavormuons are separated from light-hadron decay muons and punch-through hadrons using themomentum imbalance between the measurements in the tracking detector and in the muonspectrometers. Azimuthal anisotropies, quantified by flow coe ffi cients, are measured via theevent-plane method for inclusive heavy-flavor muons as a function of the muon p T and inintervals of Pb + Pb collision centrality. Heavy-flavor muons are separated into contributionsfrom charm and bottom hadron decays using the muon transverse impact parameter withrespect to the event primary vertex. Non-zero elliptic ( v ) and triangular ( v ) flow coe ffi cientsare extracted for charm and bottom muons, with the charm muon coe ffi cients larger thanthose for bottom muons for all Pb + Pb collision centralities. The results indicate substantialmodification to the charm and bottom quark angular distributions through interactions in thequark-gluon plasma produced in these Pb + Pb collisions, with smaller modifications for thebottom quarks as expected theoretically due to their larger mass. c (cid:13) a r X i v : . [ nu c l - e x ] J u l Introduction
The paradigm for the time evolution of heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) involves the formation and hydrodynamic expansion of a region ofhot and dense quark–gluon plasma (QGP) with a small ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density. Inthis paradigm, the QGP is considered to be a nearly perfect fluid [1, 2]. Initial geometric inhomogeneitiesof the QGP are translated into momentum anisotropies of the final-state hadrons via large pressuregradients. Extensive measurements of light-hadron azimuthal anisotropies have been performed, in whichthe single-particle azimuthal distributions are expressed in terms of a Fourier expansion:d N d φ ∝ + ∞ (cid:88) n = v n cos( n ( φ − Ψ n )) , (1)where the event-plane angle, Ψ n , specifies the orientation of the initial density profile in the transverseplane [3], and Fourier coe ffi cients, v n , quantify the magnitude of the modulation with respect to theevent-plane angle. The second- and third-order v n coe ffi cients are referred to as elliptic ( v ) and triangular( v ) flow coe ffi cients, respectively, with the term ‘flow’ invoking the hydrodynamic paradigm.Heavy-flavour (charm and bottom) quarks have masses much larger than the temperature of the QGP( m c , b > T ), with maximum temperatures at early times ranging between 300 and 500 MeV [4]. Thus,thermal production of heavy quarks during the QGP phase is highly suppressed. Instead, heavy quarks aretypically produced at the earliest times via high-momentum-transfer collisions between incoming partons.Once created, the heavy quarks persist throughout the dynamical time evolution of the QGP and thus actas sensitive probes of the hot and dense medium.Owing to their larger masses, radiative energy loss of heavy quarks in the QGP is suppressed relative to thatof light quarks [5]. However, it was still postulated that charm quarks interact strongly enough to flow withthe QGP [6]. Experimental data at RHIC and then at the LHC reveals that heavy-quark hadrons, as well astheir decay leptons, have transverse momentum ( p T ) distributions that are strongly modified by the QGPrelative to observations in proton–proton ( pp ) collisions [7–12]. Charm hadrons [13, 14] and heavy-quarkhadron decay leptons [7, 15] are also observed to have significant azimuthal anisotropies, suggestingthat they participate in the overall collective flow of the medium. For recent reviews of heavy-flavourmeasurements in heavy-ion collisions, see Refs. [16–18].For p T (cid:46) ff usion terms [19]. Modified p T distributions and azimuthal anisotropies of D mesons have beenused to constrain heavy-quark transport coe ffi cients [20, 21]. Other models of heavy-flavor kinematicsin the QGP, including a Boltzmann approach, have also been explored [22–26]. At higher momenta p T (cid:38) −
10 GeV, heavy-quark energy loss is thought to dominate, with collisional and induced radiativeprocesses both contributing [27]. At intermediate p T hadronization e ff ects can be important as azimuthalanisotropies for the deconfined heavy-quark is transferred to the heavy-flavor hadron [28]. There arenumerous theoretical predictions for the azimuthal anisotropies of bottom quarks, e.g. in Refs. [29–31];however, only limited experimental data are currently available. Precision experimental data for p T distributions and azimuthal anisotropies is crucial as this over-constrains the calculations that depend onthe heavy-quark to QGP coupling as well as the QGP space-time evolution.The flow coe ffi cients v , v , and v of inclusive heavy-flavour muon production, which includes both muonsfrom charm hadron decays (“charm muons”) and muons from bottom hadron decays (“bottom muons”),2ave been measured by the ATLAS experiment [7] and ALICE experiment [32] in Pb + Pb collisions at √ s NN = .
76 TeV. The measurement indicates significant elliptic flow for heavy-flavour muons with4 < p T <
10 GeV. Recently, the heavy-flavour muon v has also been measured in high-multiplicity √ s =
13 TeV pp collisions [33]. Unlike the earlier Pb + Pb measurement, the pp measurement examinedcharm muons and bottom muons separately, finding a non-zero v for charm muons while the v for bottommuons is consistent with zero within uncertainties.In the measurement presented in this paper, the procedure of the previous √ s NN = .
76 TeV Pb + Pbanalysis using the event-plane method is followed [7], and is extended to extract separate flow coe ffi cientsfor charm and bottom muons. These measurements extends the previously published ones to the higher √ s NN = .
02 TeV Pb + Pb beam energy, using a larger event sample provided by the 2015 and 2018 combineddata sets. The larger data sample enables measurements over a larger momentum range 4 < p T <
30 GeVfor inclusive heavy-flavour muons. It also allows the separation of the inclusive heavy-flavour muons intocharm and bottom contributions. Results for charm and bottom muon elliptic v and triangular v flowcoe ffi cients are presented as a function of muon p T for various ranges of overlap between the collidingnuclei, referred to as “centrality”. The ATLAS detector [34–36] at the LHC is a multipurpose particle detector with a forward–backward sym-metric cylindrical geometry and a near 4 π coverage in solid angle. It consists of an inner tracking detectorsurrounded by a thin superconducting solenoid providing a 2 T axial magnetic field, electromagnetic andhadron calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer. The inner tracking detector (ID) covers the pseudorapidityrange | η | < .
5. It consists of silicon pixel, silicon microstrip, and transition radiation tracking (TRT)detectors. The calorimeter system covers the pseudorapidity range | η | < .
9. Within the region | η | < . / liquid-argon (LAr)calorimeters, with an additional thin LAr presampler covering | η | < .
8, to correct for energy loss in mater-ial upstream of the calorimeters. Hadronic calorimetry is provided by the steel / scintillator-tile calorimeter,segmented into three barrel structures within | η | < .
7, and two copper / LAr hadronic endcap calorimeters.The solid angle coverage is completed with forward copper / LAr and tungsten / LAr calorimeter modules(FCal) optimised for electromagnetic and hadronic measurements respectively. The muon spectrometer(MS) comprises separate trigger and high-precision tracking chambers, covering | η | < . | η | < . . < | η | < .
86 usingtwo hodoscopes of 12 counters positioned at z = ± | η | ≥ . + Pb collisions. ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal interaction point (IP) in the centre of the detectorand the z -axis along the beam pipe. The x -axis points from the IP to the centre of the LHC ring, and the y -axis points upwards.Cylindrical coordinates ( r , φ ) are used in the transverse plane, φ being the azimuthal angle around the z -axis. The pseudorapidityis defined in terms of the polar angle θ as η = − ln tan( θ/ ∆ R ≡ (cid:112) ( ∆ η ) + ( ∆ φ ) . Event selection
Data used in this analysis were recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2018 from Pb + Pb collisionsat √ s NN = .
02 TeV with integrated luminosities of 0 . − and 1 . − , respectively. Events wereselected online using a set of muon triggers that require a muon at the HLT stage with p T larger than 3,4, 6, or 8 GeV [37]. The muon trigger selecting p T > p T thresholds were prescaled to reduce the overall data rate. Thus thehigher-threshold triggers are utilised at a given muon p T to sample a larger fraction of the full luminosity.The resulting sampled luminosities are 0 . − , 0 . − , and 1 . − for muons with 4 < p T < < p T < p T > ffl ineminimum-bias Pb + Pb collision criteria to reject pile-up based on a combination of the total transverseenergy measured in the FCal, denoted by Σ E FCalT , and the ZDC energy.The centrality of each Pb + Pb event is characterised by its Σ E FCalT . For the results shown here, the minimum-bias Σ E FCalT distribution is divided into percentiles ordered from the most central (large Σ E FCalT , smallimpact parameter) to the most peripheral (small Σ E FCalT , large impact parameter): 0–10%, 10–20%, 20–30%, 30–40%, and 40–60%, where 0–100% corresponds to the total Pb + Pb inelastic cross section. AMonte Carlo Glauber [38] calculation is used to characterise each centrality interval [39]. The abovecentrality intervals have an average number of participating nucleons (cid:104) N part (cid:105) = . ± .
3, 264 . ± . . ± .
8, 131 . ± .
6, and 70 . ± . < p T <
30 GeV and | η | < . ffi ciency for the specific muon kinematics.The muon reconstruction and trigger e ffi ciencies are determined using the J /ψ → µ + µ − tag-and-probemethod as detailed in Ref. [40]. The muon reconstruction e ffi ciency is factorized as the product ofID and MS reconstruction e ffi ciencies. The ID reconstruction e ffi ciency is obtained from Pb + Pb datadirectly, while the MS reconstruction e ffi ciency is obtained both from Pb + Pb data and by overlayingPb + Pb minimum-bias events on simulated J /ψ produced by P ythia Σ E FCalT distribution matches the muon-triggered Pb + Pb data distribution. TheMS reconstruction e ffi ciency obtained from simulation is used as the central value for MS reconstruction,with additional data-to-MC scale factors applied to account for residual di ff erences between data andoverlay simulation. The same J /ψ → µ + µ − tag-and-probe method is used to determine the muon triggere ffi ciency. The central value of the single-muon trigger e ffi ciency correction is obtained from simulationswithout overlaying Pb + Pb minimum-bias events. Additional correction factors of order 1–10% are obtainedfrom data and applied to the selection to correct for trigger detector performance di ff erences between dataand simulation, as well as the centrality dependence of the muon trigger e ffi ciency in Pb + Pb data.
The analysis follows the event-plane method for measuring flow coe ffi cients as used in previous ATLASmeasurements [7, 39] and is briefly summarised here. Each Pb + Pb event has a geometric orientation of the4mpact parameter vector, and the event can also have a tilt relative to that due to fluctuations in the geometryof the resulting QGP. In any particular Pb + Pb collision, one can estimate the orientation, representedby the FCal-determined n th -order event-plane angle Ψ n . The azimuthal distribution of transverse energydeposited in the forward and backward rapidity FCal is used to determine the event plane. A comparison ofevent planes, as measured separately in the forward-rapidity FCal and the backward-rapidity FCal, enablesa determination of the event-plane resolution Res { n Ψ n } as detailed in Ref. [39]. In each Pb + Pb centralityinterval and in each muon p T selection, the muons are divided into a finite number of intervals in φ − Ψ n ,where φ is the azimuthal angle of the muon. As di ff erent harmonic orders are orthogonal to each other,the Fourier decomposition of the angular distribution (introduced in Eq. (1)) at a given order n can beexpressed as 1 N µ X d N µ X d( n ( φ − Ψ n )) = + v raw n cos (cid:0) n ( φ − Ψ n ) (cid:1) , where the v raw n are the raw flow coe ffi cients and the N µ X are the extracted yields for the muons of interest.Three types of signal are considered in this measurement ( X = charm, bottom, and inclusive heavy-flavour).The final v n coe ffi cients are obtained by correcting for the event-plane resolution: v n = v raw n / Res { n Ψ n } . Theleading sources of background contribution in the selected muon samples are muons from decay-in-flightand punch-through of π and K ( π/ K background) and muons from non-heavy-flavour components suchas direct quarkonia, low-mass resonances, τ -leptons and W / Z decays (labeled “light / onia background”).Other sources of background from hadronic showers and fake muons are found to be very small and areonly considered in systematic uncertainties.Similarly to previous ATLAS publications [7, 33, 43], di ff erent sources of muons are separated using twovariables. The first is the momentum imbalance, ρ = ( p ID − p MS ) / p ID , where p ID is the muon momentummeasured in the ID, and p MS is that measured in the MS corrected for the energy loss inside the calorimeter.Real muons have a ρ distribution peaked around zero while the π/ K background has a broader ρ distributionthat is shifted toward higher values. The di ff erent shapes of the ρ distribution for the π/ K backgroundand other muons enable the isolation of the π/ K background muons. The analysis is repeated using thetransverse momentum imbalance, as opposed to the total momentum imbalance ρ , and no di ff erence isobserved. The second variable is the transverse impact parameter, d , relative to the event’s primaryvertex [44]. Charm and bottom muons have di ff erent d distributions due to the di ff erent decay lengths ofcharm and bottom hadrons.A two-step fit in ρ and d is performed in data, using ρ and d line-shape templates for di ff erent sourcesof muons obtained from simulations. First, the yields of inclusive heavy-flavour and π/ K backgroundmuons are extracted from a fit to the ρ distribution. The relative yields of light / onia background muonsand inclusive heavy-flavour muons are fixed to the fractions obtained from P ythia π/ K background yields fixed, a fit to the d distribution is performed to determine the relative fraction of charm and bottom muons within the yield ofinclusive heavy-flavour muons.The muon ID momentum resolution in P ythia + Pb events isfound to be worse than the resolution in Pb + Pb data. Thus, the ρ templates are obtained from simulationwithout Pb + Pb event overlay. The single-muon ID and MS momentum responses in the P ythia + Pb data. The single-muon momentum shift andsmearing parameters are determined by comparing the invariant mass resolution of simulated J /ψ → µ + µ − events in P ythia + Pb data at di ff erent centralities. The charm and bottom muon ρ pp collision events at √ s =
13 TeV filtered on thepresence of a generator-level muon in P ythia π/ K background ρ templates are obtained fromnon-di ff ractive QCD simulations of pp collisions at √ s =
13 TeV in P ythia
8, also with the A14 tune andNNPDF23LO parton distribution functions. The ρ templates for the light / onia background contributionare obtained from simulations of direct J /ψ in pp collisions at √ s = .
02 TeV. No di ff erences in thetemplate shapes were observed between simulations at √ s =
13 TeV and √ s = .
02 TeV. The signal muon ρ distribution shape shows no obvious dependence on muon p T , but is found to be broader in the endcapmuon detector and in most central events due to poorer muon momentum resolution in the ID.As the d resolution is sensitive to the primary vertex position resolution, the d templates are all obtainedfrom P ythia √ s = .
02 TeV overlaid with minimum-bias Pb + Pb events to best approx-imate the primary vertex resolution. The distributions of d are shifted and smeared to remove residualdi ff erences between overlay simulations and Pb + Pb data. The d shift and smearing parameters are foundby comparing the distributions of high-quality prompt-tracks between Pb + Pb data and overlay simulations.The charm and bottom muon d templates are obtained from multijet hard-scattering simulations filtered onthe presence of a generator-level muon, whereas the π/ K background d templates are from non-di ff ractiveQCD simulations, and the templates for light / onia background are obtained from direct J /ψ simulations.The signal muon d distribution shape shows no dependence on muon p T or event centrality but a moderatedependence on parent charm and bottom hadron p T due to the strong correlation between decay length andparticle velocity. Additional reweighting is applied to the charm and bottom muon signal samples to matchthe input charm and bottom hadron p T spectra to those measured in Pb + Pb collisions by ALICE [11] andCMS [8, 47].The fits are performed independently in di ff erential intervals of muon p T , centrality, n | φ − Ψ n | and twointervals of muon η . The two muon η intervals ( | η | < < | η | <
2) are fitted independently to minimizeresidual data / MC di ff erence in the barrel and endcap muon detectors separately, and then combined toobtain charm, bottom, and inclusive heavy-flavour muon yields in the given p T , centrality, and n | φ − Ψ n | intervals as reported in the results. Fluctuations in the simulation templates are incorporated in the fittingprocedure. Examples of selected fits in ρ and d based on simulation templates are shown in Figure 1 fortwo di ff erent muon p T selections (6 < p T < < p T <
14 GeV) integrated over n | φ − Ψ n | .The top row of Figure 2 shows the inclusive heavy-flavour muon yield as a function of 2 | φ − Ψ | (left) and3 | φ − Ψ | (right), and the bottom row shows the charm and bottom muon yields as a function of 2 | φ − Ψ | (left) and 3 | φ − Ψ | (right). The lines indicate the second (left) and third (right) extracted Fourier harmonicsfrom which the v raw2 and v raw3 coe ffi cients are extracted. Systematic uncertainties are presented for di ff erent categories covering each step of the analysis procedure:1) muon e ffi ciency; 2) ρ fit; 3) d fit; 4) light / onia background; 5) other background; 6) ρ – d correlation;7) event-plane resolution; and 8) jet bias. Table 1 summarises the contributions from di ff erent sources ofsystematic uncertainty to the final flow-coe ffi cient results. Systematic uncertainties from all sources aresummed in quadrature to determine the total uncertainty.The systematic uncertainties from the MS reconstruction e ffi ciency and muon trigger e ffi ciency correctionsare dominated by the uncertainty in determining the data-to-MC scale factor. The scale factor uncertainties6 .2 - - r · W e i gh t ed E v en t s < 7 GeV m T p m h |30-40% ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 DataInclusive HF Muon/K Bkg p Light/Onia BkgMC Stat. Error - - r · W e i gh t ed E v en t s < 14 GeV m T p
12 < | < 2 m h ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 DataInclusive HF Muon/K Bkg p Light/Onia BkgMC Stat. Error - - d W e i gh t ed E v en t s ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m T p m h |30-40% DataBottom MuonCharm Muon/K Bkg p Light/Onia BkgMC Stat. Error - - d W e i gh t ed E v en t s ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m T p
12 < | < 2 m h DataBottom MuonCharm Muon/K Bkg p Light/Onia BkgMC Stat. Error
Figure 1: Example fits to ρ (top) and d (bottom) for muons with 6 < p T < | η | < + Pb collisions (left) and 12 < p T <
14 GeV and 1 < | η | < + Pb collisions (right) bothintegrated over n | φ − Ψ n | . Muon trigger and reconstruction e ffi ciency corrections are applied to the data. are evaluated following the procedure from previous ATLAS measurements [40] including variations inthe tag-and-probe e ffi ciency extraction method, object-matching resolution, and purity of the sample. Thesystematic uncertainty in the muon trigger e ffi ciency also includes the determination of the centrality-dependent correction factors. The uncertainty on the flow coe ffi cients resulting from uncertainties in themuon ID reconstruction e ffi ciency is evaluated by comparing the results with and without the ID e ffi ciencycorrection, as the ID e ffi ciency is approximately 99% for all centralities. The muon e ffi ciency systematicuncertainties are correlated between the resulting charm and bottom muon results.The systematic uncertainty of the ρ fit is due to the uncertainty in the shifts and smearing parameters forsingle-muon momentum response in simulation, which is evaluated by comparing the nominal resultswith those 1) without any shifts or smearing, 2) only applying shifts and smearing to the signal muons,and 3) incorporating additional smearing of the background ρ distributions in simulation to match datadistributions in the background-enriched region ( ρ > . ρ fit is 1%–10% for the charm andbottom muon results, depending on the muon p T and η , but without dependence on centrality. The relativesystematic variations are found to be the largest at low p T and large η . The ρ fit systematic uncertainties7 Y - f | ) Y - f / d ( | m N d m N / Inclusive heavy-flavor muon
ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m T p m h Y - f | ) Y - f / d ( | m N d m N / ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m T p m h Y - f | ) Y - f / d ( | m N d m N / ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m T p m h bottom muoncharm muon Y - f | ) Y - f / d ( | m N d m N / ATLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m T p m h bottom muoncharm muon Figure 2: Examples of Fourier decomposition of inclusive heavy-flavour muon yields (top) and bottom / charm muonyields (bottom) in Pb + Pb collisions at √ s NN = .
02 TeV as a function of 2 | φ − Ψ | (left) and 3 | φ − Ψ | (right) for twoselected intervals in muon p T and centrality. The inclusive heavy-flavour muon yields are obtained from ρ templatefits, while the bottom and charm muon yields are further separated using d fits. In all cases the error bars on dataindicate the statistical uncertainties obtained from the ρ or d fit. The lines indicate the extracted second (left) andthird (right) Fourier harmonics. are correlated between the resulting charm and bottom muon results.The uncertainty in the d template shift and smearing parameters is tested by comparing results whendetermining the parameters using 2018 data (as in the nominal results) with results when using the 2015Pb + Pb data to determine the parameters, which covers the slightly di ff erent detector alignment between thetwo data sets. Sensitivity to the charm and bottom hadron p T spectra reweighting in simulation is coveredby a variation in which the p T spectra are reweighted to agree with those from P ythia d template shift and smearing and p T spectra reweighting are considered to be uncorrelated and are combined in quadrature, and the combinedsystematic uncertainty is 1%–20% for the charm and bottom muon results, depending on muon p T andcentrality. The relative systematic variations are found to be the largest at high p T and in more peripheralevents. The d fit systematic uncertainties are anti-correlated between the resulting charm and bottommuon results. 8 able 1: Summary of the typical sizes of the absolute systematic uncertainties of all categories for the flow coe ffi cientresults. The d related systematic uncertainties are not relevant for the heavy-flavour inclusive flow measurementsas the d fit is not utilised for these results. Systematic uncertainties from the event-plane resolution and jet biasare negligible and not included in the final uncertainties, and therefore are not shown in the table. The " < " symbolindicates the provided values are the maximum systematic variation for a given category. Category Inclusive heavy-flavour muon v ( v ) Charm muon v ( v ) Bottom muon v ( v )Muon e ffi ciency < . . < .
006 (0 . < .
001 (0 . ρ fit < .
004 (0 . < .
009 (0 . < .
005 (0 . d fit N / A < .
02 (0 . < .
01 (0 . / onia bkg < .
004 (0 . < .
02 (0 . < .
008 (0 . < . . < .
002 (0 . < .
001 (0 . ρ – d correlation N / A < .
01 (0 . < .
007 (0 . The magnitude of the light / onia contribution is held at a fixed fraction relative to the inclusive heavy-flavourmuon contribution, based on the P ythia / onia contribution and then fixing it to twice the fraction predicted by P ythia
8. Asis shown in Ref. [48], P ythia overestimates prompt quarkonium production at the LHC, and thus thesevariations of the light / onia contribution are large enough to not underestimate the uncertainty. Each nominalresult is assigned a systematic uncertainty equal to the larger of the changes from the two variations. Forthe nominal results, light / onia muons are assumed to have the same v and v as the inclusive heavy-flavourmuons. The analysis is repeated with variations assuming light / onia muons have zero flow coe ffi cients ordouble the inclusive heavy-flavour muon flow coe ffi cients. The larger of the resulting changes is assignedas the systematic uncertainty. The light / onia systematic uncertainties are anti-correlated between theresulting charm and bottom muon results.The contributions of hadronic showers are ignored in the nominal analysis. They were included in theanalysis based on ρ and d templates from the P ythia ythia ffi cients, and approximately 8% at low p T ( < p T ( >
12 GeV) for charm and bottom muon flow coe ffi cients.All muons are assumed to have independent ρ and d distributions in the nominal results, which is only truefor signal muons. To test the sensitivity to this assumption, d fits in data are repeated with a requirementof ρ < . ff erence betweenresults with and without the restriction on ρ is assigned as a systematic uncertainty to cover the systematice ff ect of ignoring any correlation between ρ and d for background muons.The systematic uncertainty associated with the event-plane angle resolution is evaluated by measuringthe event-plane resolution in two subregions of the FCal (3 . < | η | < . . < | η | < . Ψ and Ψ . The maximum di ff erence between these two variations and the nominal results is considered as asystematic uncertainty. The uncertainty associated with the event-plane angle resolution is found to benegligible compared to other systematic uncertainties, and thus is not included in the results.9he charm and bottom muons are often produced with a recoil jet. The orientation of Ψ n could be biasedto align with the signal muon if the recoil jet reaches the FCal [7]. The magnitude of this bias in muon v and v is studied with P ythia generator-level muon flow in samples overlaid with Pb + Pb data. The bias isfound to be 0.3%–0.4% for v and v , and it is larger in peripheral events than in more-central events. Thissmall bias is negligible and is not included as a systematic uncertainty. ATLAS -1 m h [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v Figure 3: Inclusive heavy-flavour muon v as a function of p T in the combined 2015 and 2018 √ s NN = .
02 TeVPb + Pb data compared with the results in the √ s NN = .
76 TeV Pb + Pb data [7]. Statistical uncertainties are shown asvertical lines and systematic uncertainties as boxes for the √ s NN = .
02 TeV results. For better visibility the statisticaland systematic uncertainties of the √ s NN = .
76 TeV data are combined in quadrature and shown as vertical lines.Each panel represents a di ff erent centrality interval. TLAS -1 m h [GeV] T p - - - v [GeV] T p - - - v [GeV] T p - - - v [GeV] T p - - - v [GeV] T p - - - v Figure 4: Inclusive heavy-flavour muon v as a function of p T in the combined 2015 and 2018 √ s NN = .
02 TeVPb + Pb data compared with the results in the √ s NN = .
76 TeV Pb + Pb data [7]. Statistical uncertainties are shown asvertical lines and systematic uncertainties as boxes for the √ s NN = .
02 TeV results. For better visibility the statisticaland systematic uncertainties of the √ s NN = .
76 TeV data are combined in quadrature and shown as vertical lines.Each panel represents a di ff erent centrality interval. Figure 3 shows the inclusive heavy-flavour muon elliptic flow coe ffi cient v as a function of p T in the √ s NN = .
02 TeV Pb + Pb data. Each panel corresponds to a di ff erent Pb + Pb centrality interval. The v results decrease steadily with p T over the entire p T range and in all centrality intervals. The overallmagnitude of v is smaller in the most central 0–10% selection, as expected since the corresponding smallerimpact parameter Pb + Pb collisions have smaller initial geometric ellipticity.Figure 4 shows the inclusive heavy-flavour muon triangular flow coe ffi cient v as a function of p T in the √ s NN = .
02 TeV Pb + Pb data. Each panel corresponds to a di ff erent Pb + Pb centrality interval. The v results decrease steadily with p T over the entire p T range in all centrality intervals within statistical11nd systematic uncertainties. The overall magnitude of v is quite similar in all centrality intervals, asexpected since triangular deformations of the initial geometry are primarily the result of fluctuations andare generally unrelated to any intrinsic geometry from the colliding nuclei [49].Each panel of Figures 3 and 4 also presents previous ATLAS results from √ s NN = .
76 TeV Pb + Pb data [7].Compared to the earlier result, the present √ s NN = .
02 TeV results significantly improve the statisticalprecision of the measurements and extend the p T range. The √ s NN = .
02 TeV and √ s NN = .
76 TeVPb + Pb data inclusive heavy-flavour muon v and v coe ffi cients are consistent with each other withinuncertainties. Indeed, according to hydrodynamical models, no significant di ff erences are expectedbetween Pb + Pb collisions at the two di ff erent energies [50]. Thus the observed consistency between √ s NN = .
76 TeV and √ s NN = .
02 TeV data is in agreement with expectations. The inclusive charged-particle flow coe ffi cients are also observed to be nearly identical at the two collision energies [39].Figure 5 shows the separated charm and bottom muon v as a function of p T , with each panel presentinga di ff erent Pb + Pb centrality interval. The charm and bottom flow coe ffi cients are extracted only up to p T =
20 GeV, since above that transverse momentum range the inclusive heavy-flavour v values are smalland the charm-to-bottom separation procedure becomes sensitive to fluctuations in data and yields unstableresults. The results indicate a non-zero v for both the charm and bottom muons, with substantially largerelliptic flow coe ffi cients for charm muons. The statistical and systematic uncertainties have a significantcontribution that is anti-correlated between the charm and bottom v , i.e. an upward fluctuation in thecharm v in a particular p T bin will be correlated with a downward fluctuation in the bottom v in the samebin and vice versa. For p T <
14 GeV, both charm and bottom muon v increase from central to mid-centralevents, reaching maximum between 20% and 40% centrality. Over the range of p T >
14 GeV, the charmand bottom muon v show no obvious centrality dependence with larger uncertainties.Qualitatively, the charm and bottom v ordering matches theoretical expectations where the heavier bottomquarks have a smaller modification to their initial momentum trajectories due to their larger masses. Lightquarks and heavy quarks can lose energy in traversing the QGP via induced gluon radiation [51]; however,heavy quarks with momentum less than or approximately equal to the quark mass ( p (cid:46) m ) radiate lessthan light quarks due to a suppression of radiation at small angles relative to the quark direction, referredto as the ‘dead-cone’ e ff ect [5]. Thus, at high p T >> m , all quark flavors should lose comparable energyin the QGP, while at lower p T there should be a hierarchy with light quarks losing the most energy,then charm quarks, and finally bottom quarks losing the least energy. Thus the heavier bottom quarkswith p T (cid:46) −
30 GeV are expected to lose less energy in the QGP and thus have a smaller azimuthalanisotropy.Figure 6 shows the separated charm and bottom muon v as a function of p T , with each panel presentinga di ff erent Pb + Pb centrality interval. The charm muons show significant non-zero v values, which areindependent of centrality. The bottom muons have v values that are significantly below that of charmmuons at all p T and in all centrality intervals.Figure 7 shows the results for v versus p T , from Figure 5, compared with theoretical calculations: dreena - b from Ref. [30], and dab - mod from Refs. [29, 52] for charm and bottom decay muons in the Pb + Pb0–10% (left) and 40–60% (right) centrality intervals. The dreena - b calculation includes radiative andcollisional energy loss of the heavy quarks traversing the QGP, the latter modelled via a 1 +
1D Bjorkenexpansion [53]. The dreena - b theoretical uncertainties reflect the range of magnetic to electric screeningmasses as constrained by non-perturbative calculations [53]. The predicted D meson v is higher than the B meson v , with the two converging at p T ≈
25 GeV as expected when the p T is much larger than thecharm and bottom quark masses. Using P ythia TLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m h charm muonbottom muon [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v [GeV] T p v Figure 5: Charm and bottom muon v as a function of p T in the combined 2015 and 2018 √ s NN = .
02 TeV Pb + Pbdata. Statistical uncertainties are shown as vertical lines and systematic uncertainties as boxes for charm and bottommuons. The charm and bottom uncertainties are partially anti-correlated. Each panel presents a di ff erent centralityinterval. v results are calculated and shown. The predominant e ff ect in going from the parent meson v ( p T ) tothe daughter muon v ( p T ) is a shift downward in p T . The predictions are in reasonable agreement withthe experimental data, although they overestimate the v at high p T of bottom muons in central events.The dab - mod framework includes calculations with only Langevin drag and di ff usion contributions. Thecurves shown here are obtained with T rento geometric initial conditions [54], heavy-quark Langevindynamics with the Moore and Teaney parameterisation [19], and coupling values for charm (bottom) of D / π T = D is the spatial di ff usion coe ffi cient and T is the temperature. The decouplingtemperature of heavy quarks from the medium is T =
160 MeV and both coalescence and fragmentationare implemented for hadronisation. The dab - mod predictions with only Langevin dynamics are roughly13 TLAS = 5.02 TeV NN s Pb+Pb -1 m h charm muonbottom muon [GeV] T p - v [GeV] T p - v [GeV] T p - v [GeV] T p - v [GeV] T p - v Figure 6: Charm and bottom muon v as a function of p T in the combined 2015 and 2018 √ s NN = .
02 TeV Pb + Pbdata. Statistical uncertainties are shown as vertical lines and systematic uncertainties as boxes for charm and bottommuons. The charm and bottom uncertainties are partially anti-correlated. Each panel presents a di ff erent centralityinterval. a factor of three (two) lower for charm (bottom) muons compared with dreena - b . Additional energyloss contributions to dab - mod , not included here, tend to increase the high p T anisotropies. At lower p T ,the dreena - b v results rise significantly. A key component of these calculations is the modelling of theQGP transverse expansion, and thus it will be instructive in the future to compare the calculations witha common QGP model to test whether the di ff erences arise from the QGP modeling or the energy-lossimplementation. 14 T p v DAB-MOD m fi D m fi B = 5.02 TeV 0-10% NN sPb+Pb < 2 m h , -1 ATLAS charm muonbottom muon
DREENA-B m fi D m fi B T p v DAB-MOD m fi D m fi B = 5.02 TeV 40-60% NN sPb+Pb < 2 m h , -1 ATLAS charm muonbottom muon
DREENA-B m fi D m fi B Figure 7: Charm and bottom muon v as a function of p T in the √ s NN = .
02 TeV Pb + Pb data for the 0–10% (left) and40–60% (right) centrality interval, compared with theoretical predictions based on dreena - b [30] and dab - mod [29,52] in the same centrality intervals for charm and bottom muon v . For the data, statistical uncertainties are shown asvertical lines and systematic uncertainties as boxes. The charm and bottom uncertainties are partially anti-correlated. In summary, a measurement of elliptic and triangular flow coe ffi cients for heavy-flavour decay muonsin Pb + Pb collisions at √ s NN = .
02 TeV is presented, including a separation between charm and bottomcontributions. The measurement uses a combined 2015 and 2018 data set corresponding to a totalintegrated luminosity of up to 1 . − recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The inclusiveheavy-flavour muon v and v values measured in 4 < p T <
30 GeV are observed to decrease with p T for all centrality intervals. The v and v values are consistent within uncertainties with previous Pb + Pbmeasurements at √ s NN = .
76 TeV. Further separating the inclusive heavy-flavour muons into charm andbottom muons reveals a significantly larger v and v for charm muons than for bottom muons. The resultsindicate that while both the charm and bottom quarks have their trajectories and momenta modified whentraversing the QGP, the e ff ect is stronger for the charm quarks. At fixed p T , the charm and bottom muon v values decrease from 40-60% to 0-10% centrality intervals as observed in charged hadron elliptic-flowmeasurements [55]. Theoretical calculations have a similar qualitative trend with smaller flow coe ffi cientsfor muons from decays of the heavier bottom quarks. The results can significantly discriminate betweenmodels of heavy-quark energy loss and constrain heavy-quark transport coe ffi cients in the QGP. Acknowledgements
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support sta ff from ourinstitutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated e ffi ciently.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW andFWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI,Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMTCR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF / IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC andHong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST,15orocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE / IFA,Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russia Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia;ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST / NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation,Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey;STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups andmembers have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; ERC,ERDF, Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions and COST, European Union; Investissementsd’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany;Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece;BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO ProgrammeGeneralitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and LeverhulmeTrust, United Kingdom.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular fromCERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT / GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC(Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resourceproviders. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [56].
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Butterworth , P. Butti , W. Buttinger , C.J. Buxo Vazquez , A. Buzatu ,A.R. Buzykaev , G. Cabras , S. Cabrera Urbán , D. Caforio , H. Cai , V.M.M. Cairo ,O. Cakir , N. Calace , P. Calafiura , G. Calderini , P. Calfayan , G. Callea , L.P. Caloba ,A. Caltabiano , S. Calvente Lopez , D. Calvet , S. Calvet , T.P. Calvet , M. Calvetti ,R. Camacho Toro , S. Camarda , D. Camarero Munoz , P. Camarri , D. Cameron ,C. Camincher , S. Campana , M. Campanelli , A. Camplani , A. Campoverde , V. Canale ,A. Canesse , M. Cano Bret , J. Cantero , T. Cao , Y. Cao , M.D.M. Capeans Garrido ,M. Capua , R. Cardarelli , F. Cardillo , G. Carducci , I. Carli , T. Carli , G. Carlino ,B.T. Carlson , E.M. Carlson , L. Carminati , R.M.D. Carney , S. Caron , E. Carquin ,S. Carrá , J.W.S. Carter , M.P. Casado , A.F. Casha , F.L. Castillo , L. Castillo Garcia ,V. Castillo Gimenez , N.F. Castro , A. Catinaccio , J.R. Catmore , A. Cattai , V. Cavaliere ,E. Cavallaro , M. Cavalli-Sforza , V. Cavasinni , E. Celebi , L. Cerda Alberich , K. Cerny ,A.S. Cerqueira , A. Cerri , L. Cerrito , F. Cerutti , A. Cervelli , S.A. Cetin , Z. Chadi ,D. Chakraborty , J. Chan , W.S. Chan , W.Y. Chan , J.D. Chapman , B. Chargeishvili ,D.G. Charlton , T.P. Charman , C.C. Chau , S. Che , S. Chekanov , S.V. Chekulaev ,G.A. Chelkov , B. Chen , C. Chen , C.H. Chen , H. Chen , J. Chen , J. Chen , J. Chen ,S. Chen , S.J. Chen , X. Chen , Y-H. Chen , H.C. Cheng , H.J. Cheng , A. Cheplakov ,E. Cheremushkina , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , E. Cheu , K. Cheung , T.J.A. Chevalérias ,L. Chevalier , V. Chiarella , G. Chiarelli , G. Chiodini , A.S. Chisholm , A. Chitan , I. Chiu ,Y.H. Chiu , M.V. Chizhov , K. Choi , A.R. Chomont , S. Chouridou , Y.S. Chow ,M.C. Chu , X. Chu , J. Chudoba , J.J. Chwastowski , L. Chytka , D. Cieri , K.M. Ciesla ,D. Cinca , V. Cindro , I.A. Cioar˘a , A. Ciocio , F. Cirotto , Z.H. Citron , M. Citterio ,D.A. Ciubotaru , B.M. Ciungu , A. Clark , M.R. Clark , P.J. Clark , C. Clement ,Y. Coadou , M. Cobal , A. Coccaro , J. Cochran , R. Coelho Lopes De Sa , H. Cohen ,A.E.C. Coimbra , B. Cole , A.P. Colijn , J. Collot , P. Conde Muiño , S.H. Connell ,I.A. Connelly , S. Constantinescu , F. Conventi , A.M. Cooper-Sarkar , F. Cormier ,K.J.R. Cormier , L.D. Corpe , M. Corradi , E.E. Corrigan , F. Corriveau , M.J. Costa ,F. Costanza , D. Costanzo , G. Cowan , J.W. Cowley , J. Crane , K. Cranmer , S.J. Crawley ,R.A. Creager , S. Crépé-Renaudin , F. Crescioli , M. Cristinziani , V. Croft , G. Crosetti ,A. Cueto , T. Cuhadar Donszelmann , A.R. Cukierman , W.R. Cunningham , S. Czekierda ,P. Czodrowski , M.M. Czurylo , M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa , J.V. Da Fonseca Pinto ,21. Da Via , W. Dabrowski , F. Dachs , T. Dado , S. Dahbi , T. Dai , C. Dallapiccola ,M. Dam , G. D’amen , V. D’Amico , J. Damp , J.R. Dandoy , M.F. Daneri , N.S. Dann ,M. Danninger , V. Dao , G. Darbo , O. Dartsi , A. Dattagupta , T. Daubney , S. D’Auria ,C. David , T. Davidek , D.R. Davis , I. Dawson , K. De , R. De Asmundis , M. De Beurs ,S. De Castro , S. De Cecco , N. De Groot , P. de Jong , H. De la Torre , A. De Maria ,D. De Pedis , A. De Salvo , U. De Sanctis , M. De Santis , A. De Santo ,K. De Vasconcelos Corga , J.B. De Vivie De Regie , C. Debenedetti , D.V. Dedovich ,A.M. Deiana , J. Del Peso , Y. Delabat Diaz , D. Delgove , F. Deliot , C.M. Delitzsch ,M. Della Pietra , D. Della Volpe , A. Dell’Acqua , L. Dell’Asta , M. Delmastro ,C. Delporte , P.A. Delsart , D.A. DeMarco , S. Demers , M. Demichev , G. Demontigny ,S.P. Denisov , L. D’Eramo , D. Derendarz , J.E. Derkaoui , F. Derue , P. Dervan , K. Desch ,C. Deterre , K. Dette , C. Deutsch , M.R. Devesa , P.O. Deviveiros , F.A. Di Bello ,A. Di Ciaccio , L. Di Ciaccio , W.K. Di Clemente , C. Di Donato , A. Di Girolamo ,G. Di Gregorio , B. Di Micco , R. Di Nardo , K.F. Di Petrillo , R. Di Sipio ,C. Diaconu , F.A. Dias , T. Dias Do Vale , M.A. Diaz , J. Dickinson , E.B. Diehl ,J. Dietrich , S. Díez Cornell , A. Dimitrievska , W. Ding , J. Dingfelder , F. Dittus , F. Djama ,T. Djobava , J.I. Djuvsland , M.A.B. Do Vale , M. Dobre , D. Dodsworth , C. Doglioni ,J. Dolejsi , Z. Dolezal , M. Donadelli , B. Dong , J. Donini , A. D’onofrio , M. D’Onofrio ,J. Dopke , A. Doria , M.T. Dova , A.T. Doyle , E. Drechsler , E. Dreyer , T. Dreyer ,A.S. Drobac , D. Du , Y. Duan , F. Dubinin , M. Dubovsky , A. Dubreuil , E. Duchovni ,G. Duckeck , A. Ducourthial , O.A. Ducu , D. Duda , A. Dudarev , A.C. Dudder ,E.M. Du ffi eld , L. Duflot , M. Dührssen , C. Dülsen , M. Dumancic , A.E. Dumitriu ,A.K. Duncan , M. Dunford , A. Duperrin , H. Duran Yildiz , M. Düren , A. Durglishvili ,D. Duschinger , B. Dutta , D. Duvnjak , G.I. Dyckes , M. Dyndal , S. Dysch , B.S. Dziedzic ,K.M. Ecker , M.G. Eggleston , T. Eifert , G. Eigen , K. Einsweiler , T. Ekelof , H. El Jarrari ,R. El Kosseifi , V. Ellajosyula , M. Ellert , F. Ellinghaus , A.A. Elliot , N. Ellis ,J. Elmsheuser , M. Elsing , D. Emeliyanov , A. Emerman , Y. Enari , M.B. Epland ,J. Erdmann , A. Ereditato , P.A. Erland , M. Errenst , M. Escalier , C. Escobar ,O. Estrada Pastor , E. Etzion , H. Evans , M.O. Evans , A. Ezhilov , F. Fabbri , L. Fabbri ,V. Fabiani , G. Facini , R.M. Faisca Rodrigues Pereira , R.M. Fakhrutdinov , S. Falciano ,P.J. Falke , S. Falke , J. Faltova , Y. Fang , Y. Fang , G. Fanourakis , M. Fanti ,M. Faraj , A. Farbin , A. Farilla , E.M. Farina , T. Farooque , S.M. Farrington ,P. Farthouat , F. Fassi , P. Fassnacht , D. Fassouliotis , M. Faucci Giannelli , W.J. Fawcett ,L. Fayard , O.L. Fedin , W. Fedorko , A. Fehr , M. Feickert , L. Feligioni , A. Fell ,C. Feng , M. Feng , M.J. Fenton , A.B. Fenyuk , S.W. Ferguson , J. Ferrando , A. Ferrante ,A. Ferrari , P. Ferrari , R. Ferrari , D.E. Ferreira de Lima , A. Ferrer , D. Ferrere ,C. Ferretti , F. Fiedler , A. Filipˇciˇc , F. Filthaut , K.D. Finelli , M.C.N. Fiolhais ,L. Fiorini , F. Fischer , W.C. Fisher , I. Fleck , P. Fleischmann , T. Flick , B.M. Flierl ,L. Flores , L.R. Flores Castillo , F.M. Follega , N. Fomin , J.H. Foo , G.T. Forcolin ,A. Formica , F.A. Förster , A.C. Forti , A.G. Foster , M.G. Foti , D. Fournier , H. Fox ,P. Francavilla , S. Francescato , M. Franchini , S. Franchino , D. Francis ,L. Franconi , M. Franklin , A.N. Fray , P.M. Freeman , B. Freund , W.S. Freund ,E.M. Freundlich , D.C. Frizzell , D. Froidevaux , J.A. Frost , C. Fukunaga ,E. Fullana Torregrosa , T. Fusayasu , J. Fuster , A. Gabrielli , A. Gabrielli , S. Gadatsch ,P. Gadow , G. Gagliardi , L.G. Gagnon , B. Galhardo , G.E. Gallardo , E.J. Gallas ,B.J. Gallop , G. Galster , R. Gamboa Goni , K.K. Gan , S. Ganguly , J. Gao , Y. Gao ,Y.S. Gao , C. García , J.E. García Navarro , J.A. García Pascual , C. Garcia-Argos ,22. Garcia-Sciveres , R.W. Gardner , N. Garelli , S. Gargiulo , C.A. Garner , V. Garonne ,S.J. Gasiorowski , P. Gaspar , A. Gaudiello , G. Gaudio , I.L. Gavrilenko , A. Gavrilyuk ,C. Gay , G. Gaycken , E.N. Gazis , A.A. Geanta , C.M. Gee , C.N.P. Gee , J. Geisen ,M. Geisen , C. Gemme , M.H. Genest , C. Geng , S. Gentile , S. George , T. Geralis ,L.O. Gerlach , P. Gessinger-Befurt , G. Gessner , S. Ghasemi , M. Ghasemi Bostanabad ,M. Ghneimat , A. Ghosh , A. Ghosh , B. Giacobbe , S. Giagu , N. Giangiacomi ,P. Giannetti , A. Giannini , G. Giannini , S.M. Gibson , M. Gignac , D. Gillberg ,G. Gilles , D.M. Gingrich , M.P. Giordani , P.F. Giraud , G. Giugliarelli , D. Giugni ,F. Giuli , S. Gkaitatzis , I. Gkialas , E.L. Gkougkousis , P. Gkountoumis , L.K. Gladilin ,C. Glasman , J. Glatzer , P.C.F. Glaysher , A. Glazov , G.R. Gledhill , I. Gnesi ,M. Goblirsch-Kolb , D. Godin , S. Goldfarb , T. Golling , D. Golubkov , A. Gomes ,R. Goncalves Gama , R. Gonçalo , G. Gonella , L. Gonella , A. Gongadze , F. Gonnella ,J.L. Gonski , S. González de la Hoz , S. Gonzalez Fernandez , C. Gonzalez Renteria ,S. Gonzalez-Sevilla , G.R. Gonzalvo Rodriguez , L. Goossens , N.A. Gorasia , P.A. Gorbounov ,H.A. Gordon , B. Gorini , E. Gorini , A. Gorišek , A.T. Goshaw , M.I. Gostkin ,C.A. Gottardo , M. Gouighri , A.G. Goussiou , N. Govender , C. Goy , E. Gozani ,I. Grabowska-Bold , E.C. Graham , J. Gramling , E. Gramstad , S. Grancagnolo , M. Grandi ,V. Gratchev , P.M. Gravila , F.G. Gravili , C. Gray , H.M. Gray , C. Grefe , K. Gregersen ,I.M. Gregor , P. Grenier , K. Grevtsov , C. Grieco , N.A. Grieser , A.A. Grillo , K. Grimm ,S. Grinstein , J.-F. Grivaz , S. Groh , E. Gross , J. Grosse-Knetter , Z.J. Grout , C. Grud ,A. Grummer , L. Guan , W. Guan , C. Gubbels , J. Guenther , A. Guerguichon ,J.G.R. Guerrero Rojas , F. Guescini , D. Guest , R. Gugel , T. Guillemin , S. Guindon , U. Gul ,J. Guo , W. Guo , Y. Guo , Z. Guo , R. Gupta , S. Gurbuz , G. Gustavino , M. Guth ,P. Gutierrez , C. Gutschow , C. Guyot , C. Gwenlan , C.B. Gwilliam , A. Haas , C. Haber ,H.K. Hadavand , A. Hadef , M. Haleem , J. Haley , G. Halladjian , G.D. Hallewell ,K. Hamacher , P. Hamal , K. Hamano , H. Hamdaoui , M. Hamer , G.N. Hamity , K. Han ,L. Han , S. Han , Y.F. Han , K. Hanagaki , M. Hance , D.M. Handl , B. Haney ,R. Hankache , E. Hansen , J.B. Hansen , J.D. Hansen , M.C. Hansen , P.H. Hansen ,E.C. Hanson , K. Hara , T. Harenberg , S. Harkusha , P.F. Harrison , N.M. Hartman ,N.M. Hartmann , Y. Hasegawa , A. Hasib , S. Hassani , S. Haug , R. Hauser , L.B. Havener ,M. Havranek , C.M. Hawkes , R.J. Hawkings , D. Hayden , C. Hayes , R.L. Hayes ,C.P. Hays , J.M. Hays , H.S. Hayward , S.J. Haywood , F. He , M.P. Heath , V. Hedberg ,S. Heer , K.K. Heidegger , W.D. Heidorn , J. Heilman , S. Heim , T. Heim , B. Heinemann ,J.J. Heinrich , L. Heinrich , J. Hejbal , L. Helary , A. Held , S. Hellesund , C.M. Helling ,S. Hellman , C. Helsens , R.C.W. Henderson , Y. Heng , L. Henkelmann ,A.M. Henriques Correia , H. Herde , Y. Hernández Jiménez , H. Herr , M.G. Herrmann ,T. Herrmann , G. Herten , R. Hertenberger , L. Hervas , T.C. Herwig , G.G. Hesketh ,N.P. Hessey , H. Hibi , A. Higashida , S. Higashino , E. Higón-Rodriguez , K. Hildebrand ,J.C. Hill , K.K. Hill , K.H. Hiller , S.J. Hillier , M. Hils , I. Hinchli ff e , F. Hinterkeuser ,M. Hirose , S. Hirose , D. Hirschbuehl , B. Hiti , O. Hladik , D.R. Hlaluku , J. Hobbs ,N. Hod , M.C. Hodgkinson , A. Hoecker , D. Hohn , D. Hohov , T. Holm , T.R. Holmes ,M. Holzbock , L.B.A.H. Hommels , S. Honda , T.M. Hong , J.C. Honig , A. Hönle ,B.H. Hooberman , W.H. Hopkins , Y. Horii , P. Horn , L.A. Horyn , S. Hou , A. Hoummada ,J. Howarth , J. Hoya , M. Hrabovsky , J. Hrdinka , I. Hristova , J. Hrivnac , A. Hrynevich ,T. Hryn’ova , P.J. Hsu , S.-C. Hsu , Q. Hu , S. Hu , Y.F. Hu , D.P. Huang , Y. Huang ,Y. Huang , Z. Hubacek , F. Hubaut , M. Huebner , F. Huegging , T.B. Hu ff man , M. Huhtinen ,R.F.H. Hunter , P. Huo , N. Huseynov , J. Huston , J. Huth , R. Hyneman , S. Hyrych ,23. Iacobucci , G. Iakovidis , I. Ibragimov , L. Iconomidou-Fayard , P. Iengo , R. Ignazzi ,O. Igonkina , R. Iguchi , T. Iizawa , Y. Ikegami , M. Ikeno , D. Iliadis , N. Ilic ,F. Iltzsche , G. Introzzi , M. Iodice , K. Iordanidou , V. Ippolito , M.F. Isacson ,M. Ishino , W. Islam , C. Issever , S. Istin , F. Ito , J.M. Iturbe Ponce , R. Iuppa ,A. Ivina , H. Iwasaki , J.M. Izen , V. Izzo , P. Jacka , P. Jackson , R.M. Jacobs , B.P. Jaeger ,V. Jain , G. Jäkel , K.B. Jakobi , K. Jakobs , T. Jakoubek , J. Jamieson , K.W. Janas ,R. Jansky , M. Janus , P.A. Janus , G. Jarlskog , A.E. Jaspan , N. Javadov , T. Jav˚urek ,M. Javurkova , F. Jeanneau , L. Jeanty , J. Jejelava , A. Jelinskas , P. Jenni , N. Jeong ,S. Jézéquel , H. Ji , J. Jia , H. Jiang , Y. Jiang , Z. Jiang , S. Jiggins , F.A. Jimenez Morales ,J. Jimenez Pena , S. Jin , A. Jinaru , O. Jinnouchi , H. Jivan , P. Johansson , K.A. Johns ,C.A. Johnson , R.W.L. Jones , S.D. Jones , S. Jones , T.J. Jones , J. Jongmanns , P.M. Jorge ,J. Jovicevic , X. Ju , J.J. Junggeburth , A. Juste Rozas , A. Kaczmarska , M. Kado ,H. Kagan , M. Kagan , A. Kahn , C. Kahra , T. Kaji , E. Kajomovitz , C.W. Kalderon ,A. Kaluza , A. Kamenshchikov , M. Kaneda , N.J. Kang , S. Kang , Y. Kano , J. Kanzaki ,L.S. Kaplan , D. Kar , K. Karava , M.J. Kareem , I. Karkanias , S.N. Karpov ,Z.M. Karpova , V. Kartvelishvili , A.N. Karyukhin , A. Kastanas , C. Kato , J. Katzy ,K. Kawade , K. Kawagoe , T. Kawaguchi , T. Kawamoto , G. Kawamura , E.F. Kay ,V.F. Kazanin , R. Keeler , R. Kehoe , J.S. Keller , E. Kellermann , D. Kelsey ,J.J. Kempster , J. Kendrick , K.E. Kennedy , O. Kepka , S. Kersten , B.P. Kerševan ,S. Ketabchi Haghighat , M. Khader , F. Khalil-Zada , M. Khandoga , A. Khanov ,A.G. Kharlamov , T. Kharlamova , E.E. Khoda , A. Khodinov , T.J. Khoo ,E. Khramov , J. Khubua , S. Kido , M. Kiehn , C.R. Kilby , E. Kim , Y.K. Kim , N. Kimura ,O.M. Kind , B.T. King , D. Kirchmeier , J. Kirk , A.E. Kiryunin , T. Kishimoto ,D.P. Kisliuk , V. Kitali , O. Kivernyk , T. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus , M. Klassen , C. Klein ,M.H. Klein , M. Klein , U. Klein , K. Kleinknecht , P. Klimek , A. Klimentov , T. Klingl ,T. Klioutchnikova , F.F. Klitzner , P. Kluit , S. Kluth , E. Kneringer , E.B.F.G. Knoops ,A. Knue , D. Kobayashi , T. Kobayashi , M. Kobel , M. Kocian , T. Kodama , P. Kodys ,D.M. Koeck , P.T. Koenig , T. Ko ff as , N.M. Köhler , M. Kolb , I. Koletsou , T. Komarek ,T. Kondo , K. Köneke , A.X.Y. Kong , A.C. König , T. Kono , V. Konstantinides ,N. Konstantinidis , B. Konya , R. Kopeliansky , S. Koperny , K. Korcyl , K. Kordas ,G. Koren , A. Korn , I. Korolkov , E.V. Korolkova , N. Korotkova , O. Kortner , S. Kortner ,V.V. Kostyukhin , A. Kotsokechagia , A. Kotwal , A. Koulouris ,A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi , C. Kourkoumelis , E. Kourlitis , V. Kouskoura ,A.B. Kowalewska , R. Kowalewski , W. Kozanecki , A.S. Kozhin , V.A. Kramarenko ,G. Kramberger , D. Krasnopevtsev , M.W. Krasny , A. Krasznahorkay , D. Krauss ,J.A. Kremer , J. Kretzschmar , P. Krieger , F. Krieter , A. Krishnan , K. Krizka ,K. Kroeninger , H. Kroha , J. Kroll , J. Kroll , K.S. Krowpman , U. Kruchonak , H. Krüger ,N. Krumnack , M.C. Kruse , J.A. Krzysiak , T. Kubota , O. Kuchinskaia , S. Kuday ,J.T. Kuechler , S. Kuehn , A. Kugel , T. Kuhl , V. Kukhtin , R. Kukla , Y. Kulchitsky ,S. Kuleshov , Y.P. Kulinich , M. Kuna , T. Kunigo , A. Kupco , T. Kupfer , O. Kuprash ,H. Kurashige , L.L. Kurchaninov , Y.A. Kurochkin , A. Kurova , M.G. Kurth ,E.S. Kuwertz , M. Kuze , A.K. Kvam , J. Kvita , T. Kwan , L. La Rotonda ,F. La Ru ff a , C. Lacasta , F. Lacava , D.P.J. Lack , H. Lacker , D. Lacour , E. Ladygin ,R. Lafaye , B. Laforge , T. Lagouri , S. Lai , I.K. Lakomiec , S. Lammers , W. Lampl ,C. Lampoudis , E. Lançon , U. Landgraf , M.P.J. Landon , M.C. Lanfermann , V.S. Lang ,J.C. Lange , R.J. Langenberg , A.J. Lankford , F. Lanni , K. Lantzsch , A. Lanza ,A. Lapertosa , S. Laplace , J.F. Laporte , T. Lari , F. Lasagni Manghi , M. Lassnig ,24.S. Lau , A. Laudrain , A. Laurier , M. Lavorgna , S.D. Lawlor , M. Lazzaroni , B. Le ,E. Le Guirriec , A. Lebedev , M. LeBlanc , T. LeCompte , F. Ledroit-Guillon , A.C.A. Lee ,C.A. Lee , G.R. Lee , L. Lee , S.C. Lee , S. Lee , B. Lefebvre , H.P. Lefebvre , M. Lefebvre ,C. Leggett , K. Lehmann , N. Lehmann , G. Lehmann Miotto , W.A. Leight , A. Leisos ,M.A.L. Leite , C.E. Leitgeb , R. Leitner , D. Lellouch , K.J.C. Leney , T. Lenz , R. Leone ,S. Leone , C. Leonidopoulos , A. Leopold , C. Leroy , R. Les , C.G. Lester , M. Levchenko ,J. Levêque , D. Levin , L.J. Levinson , D.J. Lewis , B. Li , B. Li , C-Q. Li , F. Li , H. Li ,H. Li , J. Li , K. Li , L. Li , M. Li , Q. Li , Q.Y. Li , S. Li , X. Li , Y. Li ,Z. Li , Z. Li , Z. Liang , B. Liberti , A. Liblong , K. Lie , S. Lim , C.Y. Lin , K. Lin ,T.H. Lin , R.A. Linck , R.E. Lindley , J.H. Lindon , A.L. Lionti , E. Lipeles , A. Lipniacka ,T.M. Liss , A. Lister , J.D. Little , B. Liu , B.L. Liu , H.B. Liu , H. Liu , J.B. Liu ,J.K.K. Liu , K. Liu , M. Liu , P. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y.L. Liu , Y.W. Liu ,M. Livan , A. Lleres , J. Llorente Merino , S.L. Lloyd , C.Y. Lo , E.M. Lobodzinska ,P. Loch , S. Lo ff redo , T. Lohse , K. Lohwasser , M. Lokajicek , J.D. Long , R.E. Long ,L. Longo , K.A. Looper , I. Lopez Paz , A. Lopez Solis , J. Lorenz , N. Lorenzo Martinez ,A.M. Lory , P.J. Lösel , A. Lösle , X. Lou , X. Lou , A. Lounis , J. Love , P.A. Love ,J.J. Lozano Bahilo , M. Lu , Y.J. Lu , H.J. Lubatti , C. Luci , A. Lucotte , C. Luedtke ,F. Luehring , I. Luise , L. Luminari , B. Lund-Jensen , M.S. Lutz , D. Lynn , H. Lyons ,R. Lysak , E. Lytken , F. Lyu , V. Lyubushkin , T. Lyubushkina , H. Ma , L.L. Ma , Y. Ma ,G. Maccarrone , A. Macchiolo , C.M. Macdonald , J. Machado Miguens , D. Mada ff ari ,R. Madar , W.F. Mader , M. Madugoda Ralalage Don , N. Madysa , J. Maeda , T. Maeno ,M. Maerker , V. Magerl , N. Magini , J. Magro , D.J. Mahon , C. Maidantchik , T. Maier ,A. Maio , K. Maj , O. Majersky , S. Majewski , Y. Makida , N. Makovec ,B. Malaescu , Pa. Malecki , V.P. Maleev , F. Malek , U. Mallik , D. Malon , C. Malone ,S. Maltezos , S. Malyukov , J. Mamuzic , G. Mancini , I. Mandi´c ,L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho , I.M. Maniatis , J. Manjarres Ramos , K.H. Mankinen , A. Mann ,A. Manousos , B. Mansoulie , I. Manthos , S. Manzoni , A. Marantis , G. Marceca ,L. Marchese , G. Marchiori , M. Marcisovsky , L. Marcoccia , C. Marcon ,C.A. Marin Tobon , M. Marjanovic , Z. Marshall , M.U.F. Martensson , S. Marti-Garcia ,C.B. Martin , T.A. Martin , V.J. Martin , B. Martin dit Latour , L. Martinelli , M. Martinez ,V.I. Martinez Outschoorn , S. Martin-Haugh , V.S. Martoiu , A.C. Martyniuk , A. Marzin ,S.R. Maschek , L. Masetti , T. Mashimo , R. Mashinistov , J. Masik ,A.L. Maslennikov , L. Massa , P. Massarotti , P. Mastrandrea ,A. Mastroberardino , T. Masubuchi , D. Matakias , A. Matic , N. Matsuzawa , P. Mättig ,J. Maurer , B. Maˇcek , D.A. Maximov , R. Mazini , I. Maznas , S.M. Mazza ,S.P. Mc Kee , T.G. McCarthy , W.P. McCormack , E.F. McDonald , J.A. Mcfayden ,G. Mchedlidze , M.A. McKay , K.D. McLean , S.J. McMahon , P.C. McNamara ,C.J. McNicol , R.A. McPherson , J.E. Mdhluli , Z.A. Meadows , S. Meehan , T. Megy ,S. Mehlhase , A. Mehta , T. Meideck , B. Meirose , D. Melini , B.R. Mellado Garcia ,J.D. Mellenthin , M. Melo , F. Meloni , A. Melzer , S.B. Menary , E.D. Mendes Gouveia ,L. Meng , X.T. Meng , S. Menke , E. Meoni , S. Mergelmeyer , S.A.M. Merkt ,C. Merlassino , P. Mermod , L. Merola , C. Meroni , G. Merz , O. Meshkov ,J.K.R. Meshreki , A. Messina , J. Metcalfe , A.S. Mete , C. Meyer , J-P. Meyer ,H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen , F. Miano , M. Michetti , R.P. Middleton , L. Mijovi´c ,G. Mikenberg , M. Mikestikova , M. Mikuž , H. Mildner , M. Milesi , A. Milic , C.D. Milke ,D.W. Miller , A. Milov , D.A. Milstead , R.A. Mina , A.A. Minaenko , M. Miñano Moya ,I.A. Minashvili , A.I. Mincer , B. Mindur , M. Mineev , Y. Minegishi , L.M. Mir ,25. Mirto , K.P. Mistry , T. Mitani , J. Mitrevski , V.A. Mitsou , M. Mittal , O. Miu ,A. Miucci , P.S. Miyagawa , A. Mizukami , J.U. Mjörnmark , T. Mkrtchyan , M. Mlynarikova ,T. Moa , K. Mochizuki , P. Mogg , S. Mohapatra , R. Moles-Valls , M.C. Mondragon ,K. Mönig , J. Monk , E. Monnier , A. Montalbano , J. Montejo Berlingen , M. Montella ,F. Monticelli , S. Monzani , N. Morange , D. Moreno , M. Moreno Llácer ,C. Moreno Martinez , P. Morettini , M. Morgenstern , S. Morgenstern , D. Mori , M. Morii ,M. Morinaga , V. Morisbak , A.K. Morley , G. Mornacchi , A.P. Morris , L. Morvaj ,P. Moschovakos , B. Moser , M. Mosidze , T. Moskalets , H.J. Moss , J. Moss ,E.J.W. Moyse , S. Muanza , J. Mueller , R.S.P. Mueller , D. Muenstermann , G.A. Mullier ,D.P. Mungo , J.L. Munoz Martinez , F.J. Munoz Sanchez , P. Murin , W.J. Murray ,A. Murrone , M. Muškinja , C. Mwewa , A.G. Myagkov , A.A. Myers , J. Myers ,M. Myska , B.P. Nachman , O. Nackenhorst , A.Nag Nag , K. Nagai , K. Nagano ,Y. Nagasaka , J.L. Nagle , E. Nagy , A.M. Nairz , Y. Nakahama , K. Nakamura , T. Nakamura ,H. Nanjo , F. Napolitano , R.F. Naranjo Garcia , R. Narayan , I. Naryshkin , T. Naumann ,G. Navarro , P.Y. Nechaeva , F. Nechansky , T.J. Neep , A. Negri , M. Negrini ,C. Nellist , M.E. Nelson , S. Nemecek , M. Nessi , M.S. Neubauer , F. Neuhaus ,M. Neumann , R. Newhouse , P.R. Newman , C.W. Ng , Y.S. Ng , Y.W.Y. Ng , B. Ngair ,H.D.N. Nguyen , T. Nguyen Manh , E. Nibigira , R.B. Nickerson , R. Nicolaidou ,D.S. Nielsen , J. Nielsen , N. Nikiforou , V. Nikolaenko , I. Nikolic-Audit , K. Nikolopoulos ,P. Nilsson , H.R. Nindhito , Y. Ninomiya , A. Nisati , N. Nishu , R. Nisius , I. Nitsche ,T. Nitta , T. Nobe , Y. Noguchi , I. Nomidis , M.A. Nomura , M. Nordberg , T. Novak ,O. Novgorodova , R. Novotny , L. Nozka , K. Ntekas , E. Nurse , F.G. Oakham ,H. Oberlack , J. Ocariz , A. Ochi , I. Ochoa , J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux , K. O’Connor , S. Oda ,S. Odaka , S. Oerdek , A. Ogrodnik , A. Oh , S.H. Oh , C.C. Ohm , H. Oide , M.L. Ojeda ,H. Okawa , Y. Okazaki , M.W. O’Keefe , Y. Okumura , T. Okuyama , A. Olariu ,L.F. Oleiro Seabra , S.A. Olivares Pino , D. Oliveira Damazio , J.L. Oliver , M.J.R. Olsson ,A. Olszewski , J. Olszowska , D.C. O’Neil , A.P. O’neill , A. Onofre , P.U.E. Onyisi ,H. Oppen , M.J. Oreglia , G.E. Orellana , D. Orestano , N. Orlando , R.S. Orr , V. O’Shea ,R. Ospanov , G. Otero y Garzon , H. Otono , P.S. Ott , G.J. Ottino , M. Ouchrif , J. Ouellette ,F. Ould-Saada , A. Ouraou , Q. Ouyang , M. Owen , R.E. Owen , V.E. Ozcan , N. Ozturk ,J. Pacalt , H.A. Pacey , K. Pachal , A. Pacheco Pages , C. Padilla Aranda , S. Pagan Griso ,M. Paganini , G. Palacino , S. Palazzo , S. Palestini , M. Palka , D. Pallin , P. Palni ,I. Panagoulias , C.E. Pandini , J.G. Panduro Vazquez , P. Pani , G. Panizzo , L. Paolozzi ,C. Papadatos , K. Papageorgiou , S. Parajuli , A. Paramonov , D. Paredes Hernandez ,S.R. Paredes Saenz , B. Parida , T.H. Park , A.J. Parker , M.A. Parker , F. Parodi ,E.W. Parrish , J.A. Parsons , U. Parzefall , L. Pascual Dominguez , V.R. Pascuzzi ,J.M.P. Pasner , F. Pasquali , E. Pasqualucci , S. Passaggio , F. Pastore , P. Pasuwan ,S. Pataraia , J.R. Pater , A. Pathak , J. Patton , T. Pauly , J. Pearkes , B. Pearson ,M. Pedersen , L. Pedraza Diaz , R. Pedro , T. Pei ff er , S.V. Peleganchuk , O. Penc ,H. Peng , B.S. Peralva , M.M. Perego , A.P. Pereira Peixoto , L. Pereira Sanchez ,D.V. Perepelitsa , F. Peri , L. Perini , H. Pernegger , S. Perrella , A. Perrevoort , K. Peters ,R.F.Y. Peters , B.A. Petersen , T.C. Petersen , E. Petit , A. Petridis , C. Petridou , P. Petro ff ,F. Petrucci , M. Pettee , N.E. Pettersson , K. Petukhova , A. Peyaud , R. Pezoa ,L. Pezzotti , T. Pham , F.H. Phillips , P.W. Phillips , M.W. Phipps , G. Piacquadio ,E. Pianori , A. Picazio , R.H. Pickles , R. Piegaia , D. Pietreanu , J.E. Pilcher ,A.D. Pilkington , M. Pinamonti , J.L. Pinfold , C. Pitman Donaldson , M. Pitt ,L. Pizzimento , M.-A. Pleier , V. Pleskot , E. Plotnikova , P. Podberezko , R. Poettgen ,26. Poggi , L. Poggioli , I. Pogrebnyak , D. Pohl , I. Pokharel , G. Polesello , A. Poley ,A. Policicchio , R. Polifka , A. Polini , C.S. Pollard , V. Polychronakos , D. Ponomarenko ,L. Pontecorvo , S. Popa , G.A. Popeneciu , L. Portales , D.M. Portillo Quintero , S. Pospisil ,K. Potamianos , I.N. Potrap , C.J. Potter , H. Potti , T. Poulsen , J. Poveda , T.D. Powell ,G. Pownall , M.E. Pozo Astigarraga , P. Pralavorio , S. Prell , D. Price , M. Primavera ,S. Prince , M.L. Pro ffi tt , N. Proklova , K. Prokofiev , F. Prokoshin , S. Protopopescu ,J. Proudfoot , M. Przybycien , D. Pudzha , A. Puri , P. Puzo , J. Qian , Y. Qin , A. Quadt ,M. Queitsch-Maitland , A. Qureshi , M. Racko , F. Ragusa , G. Rahal , J.A. Raine ,S. Rajagopalan , A. Ramirez Morales , K. Ran , T. Rashid , S. Raspopov , D.M. Rauch ,F. Rauscher , S. Rave , B. Ravina , I. Ravinovich , J.H. Rawling , M. Raymond , A.L. Read ,N.P. Readio ff , M. Reale , D.M. Rebuzzi , G. Redlinger , K. Reeves , L. Rehnisch ,J. Reichert , D. Reikher , A. Reiss , A. Rej , C. Rembser , A. Renardi , M. Renda ,M. Rescigno , S. Resconi , E.D. Resseguie , S. Rettie , B. Reynolds , E. Reynolds ,O.L. Rezanova , P. Reznicek , E. Ricci , R. Richter , S. Richter , E. Richter-Was ,O. Ricken , M. Ridel , P. Rieck , O. Rifki , M. Rijssenbeek , A. Rimoldi , M. Rimoldi ,L. Rinaldi , G. Ripellino , I. Riu , J.C. Rivera Vergara , F. Rizatdinova , E. Rizvi , C. Rizzi ,R.T. Roberts , S.H. Robertson , M. Robin , D. Robinson , C.M. Robles Gajardo ,M. Robles Manzano , A. Robson , A. Rocchi , E. Rocco , C. Roda ,S. Rodriguez Bosca , A. Rodriguez Perez , D. Rodriguez Rodriguez , A.M. Rodríguez Vera ,S. Roe , O. Røhne , R. Röhrig , R.A. Rojas , B. Roland , C.P.A. Roland , J. Rolo ff ,A. Romaniouk , M. Romano , N. Rompotis , M. Ronzani , L. Roos , S. Rosati ,G. Rosin , B.J. Rosser , E. Rossi , E. Rossi , E. Rossi , L.P. Rossi , L. Rossini ,R. Rosten , M. Rotaru , B. Rottler , D. Rousseau , G. Rovelli , A. Roy , D. Roy ,A. Rozanov , Y. Rozen , X. Ruan , F. Rühr , A. Ruiz-Martinez , A. Rummler , Z. Rurikova ,N.A. Rusakovich , H.L. Russell , L. Rustige , J.P. Rutherfoord , E.M. Rüttinger , M. Rybar ,G. Rybkin , E.B. Rye , A. Ryzhov , J.A. Sabater Iglesias , P. Sabatini , S. Sacerdoti ,H.F-W. Sadrozinski , R. Sadykov , F. Safai Tehrani , B. Safarzadeh Samani , M. Safdari ,P. Saha , S. Saha , M. Sahinsoy , A. Sahu , M. Saimpert , M. Saito , T. Saito ,H. Sakamoto , D. Salamani , G. Salamanna , J.E. Salazar Loyola , A. Salnikov , J. Salt ,A. Salvador Salas , D. Salvatore , F. Salvatore , A. Salvucci , A. Salzburger ,J. Samarati , D. Sammel , D. Sampsonidis , D. Sampsonidou , J. Sánchez ,A. Sanchez Pineda , H. Sandaker , C.O. Sander , I.G. Sanderswood , M. Sandho ff ,C. Sandoval , D.P.C. Sankey , M. Sannino , Y. Sano , A. Sansoni , C. Santoni ,H. Santos , S.N. Santpur , A. Santra , A. Sapronov , J.G. Saraiva , O. Sasaki ,K. Sato , F. Sauerburger , E. Sauvan , P. Savard , R. Sawada , C. Sawyer , L. Sawyer ,C. Sbarra , A. Sbrizzi , T. Scanlon , J. Schaarschmidt , P. Schacht , B.M. Schachtner ,D. Schaefer , L. Schaefer , J. Schae ff er , S. Schaepe , U. Schäfer , A.C. Scha ff er , D. Schaile ,R.D. Schamberger , N. Scharmberg , V.A. Schegelsky , D. Scheirich , F. Schenck ,M. Schernau , C. Schiavi , L.K. Schildgen , Z.M. Schillaci , E.J. Schioppa ,M. Schioppa , K.E. Schleicher , S. Schlenker , K.R. Schmidt-Sommerfeld , K. Schmieden ,C. Schmitt , S. Schmitt , S. Schmitz , J.C. Schmoeckel , L. Schoe ff el , A. Schoening ,P.G. Scholer , E. Schopf , M. Schott , J.F.P. Schouwenberg , J. Schovancova , S. Schramm ,F. Schroeder , A. Schulte , H-C. Schultz-Coulon , M. Schumacher , B.A. Schumm ,Ph. Schune , A. Schwartzman , T.A. Schwarz , Ph. Schwemling , R. Schwienhorst ,A. Sciandra , G. Sciolla , M. Scodeggio , M. Scornajenghi , F. Scuri , F. Scutti ,L.M. Scyboz , C.D. Sebastiani , P. Seema , S.C. Seidel , A. Seiden , B.D. Seidlitz ,T. Seiss , C. Seitz , J.M. Seixas , G. Sekhniaidze , S.J. Sekula , N. Semprini-Cesari , S. Sen ,27. Serfon , L. Serin , L. Serkin , M. Sessa , H. Severini , S. Sevova , F. Sforza ,A. Sfyrla , E. Shabalina , J.D. Shahinian , N.W. Shaikh , D. Shaked Renous , L.Y. Shan ,M. Shapiro , A. Sharma , A.S. Sharma , P.B. Shatalov , K. Shaw , S.M. Shaw , M. Shehade ,Y. Shen , A.D. Sherman , P. Sherwood , L. Shi , S. Shimizu , C.O. Shimmin , Y. Shimogama ,M. Shimojima , I.P.J. Shipsey , S. Shirabe , M. Shiyakova , J. Shlomi , A. Shmeleva ,M.J. Shochet , J. Shojaii , D.R. Shope , S. Shrestha , E.M. Shrif , E. Shulga , P. Sicho ,A.M. Sickles , P.E. Sidebo , E. Sideras Haddad , O. Sidiropoulou , A. Sidoti , F. Siegert ,Dj. Sijacki , M.Jr. Silva , M.V. Silva Oliveira , S.B. Silverstein , S. Simion , R. Simoniello ,C.J. Simpson-allsop , S. Simsek , P. Sinervo , V. Sinetckii , S. Singh , M. Sioli , I. Siral ,S.Yu. Sivoklokov , J. Sjölin , E. Skorda , P. Skubic , M. Slawinska , K. Sliwa , R. Slovak ,V. Smakhtin , B.H. Smart , J. Smiesko , N. Smirnov , S.Yu. Smirnov , Y. Smirnov ,L.N. Smirnova , O. Smirnova , J.W. Smith , M. Smizanska , K. Smolek , A. Smykiewicz ,A.A. Snesarev , H.L. Snoek , I.M. Snyder , S. Snyder , R. Sobie , A. So ff er , A. Søgaard ,F. Sohns , C.A. Solans Sanchez , E.Yu. Soldatov , U. Soldevila , A.A. Solodkov ,A. Soloshenko , O.V. Solovyanov , V. Solovyev , P. Sommer , H. Son , W. Song ,W.Y. Song , A. Sopczak , A.L. Sopio , F. Sopkova , C.L. Sotiropoulou ,S. Sottocornola , R. Soualah , A.M. Soukharev , D. South , S. Spagnolo ,M. Spalla , M. Spangenberg , F. Spanò , D. Sperlich , T.M. Spieker , G. Spigo , M. Spina ,D.P. Spiteri , M. Spousta , A. Stabile , B.L. Stamas , R. Stamen , M. Stamenkovic ,E. Stanecka , B. Stanislaus , M.M. Stanitzki , M. Stankaityte , B. Stapf , E.A. Starchenko ,G.H. Stark , J. Stark , P. Staroba , P. Starovoitov , S. Stärz , R. Staszewski , G. Stavropoulos ,M. Stegler , P. Steinberg , A.L. Steinhebel , B. Stelzer , H.J. Stelzer , O. Stelzer-Chilton ,H. Stenzel , T.J. Stevenson , G.A. Stewart , M.C. Stockton , G. Stoicea , M. Stolarski ,S. Stonjek , A. Straessner , J. Strandberg , S. Strandberg , M. Strauss , P. Strizenec ,R. Ströhmer , D.M. Strom , R. Stroynowski , A. Strubig , S.A. Stucci , B. Stugu , J. Stupak ,N.A. Styles , D. Su , W. Su , S. Suchek , V.V. Sulin , M.J. Sullivan , D.M.S. Sultan ,S. Sultansoy , T. Sumida , S. Sun , X. Sun , K. Suruliz , C.J.E. Suster , M.R. Sutton ,S. Suzuki , M. Svatos , M. Swiatlowski , S.P. Swift , T. Swirski , A. Sydorenko , I. Sykora ,M. Sykora , T. Sykora , D. Ta , K. Tackmann , J. Taenzer , A. Ta ff ard , R. Tafirout ,R. Takashima , K. Takeda , T. Takeshita , E.P. Takeva , Y. Takubo , M. Talby ,A.A. Talyshev , N.M. Tamir , J. Tanaka , R. Tanaka , S. Tapia Araya , S. Tapprogge ,A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed , S. Tarem , K. Tariq , G. Tarna , G.F. Tartarelli , P. Tas ,M. Tasevsky , T. Tashiro , E. Tassi , A. Tavares Delgado , Y. Tayalati , A.J. Taylor ,G.N. Taylor , W. Taylor , H. Teagle , A.S. Tee , R. Teixeira De Lima , P. Teixeira-Dias ,H. Ten Kate , J.J. Teoh , S. Terada , K. Terashi , J. Terron , S. Terzo , M. Testa ,R.J. Teuscher , S.J. Thais , N. Themistokleous , T. Theveneaux-Pelzer , F. Thiele ,D.W. Thomas , J.O. Thomas , J.P. Thomas , P.D. Thompson , L.A. Thomsen , E. Thomson ,E.J. Thorpe , R.E. Ticse Torres , V.O. Tikhomirov , Yu.A. Tikhonov , S. Timoshenko ,P. Tipton , S. Tisserant , K. Todome , S. Todorova-Nova , S. Todt , J. Tojo , S. Tokár ,K. Tokushuku , E. Tolley , K.G. Tomiwa , M. Tomoto , L. Tompkins , P. Tornambe ,E. Torrence , H. Torres , E. Torró Pastor , C. Tosciri , J. Toth , D.R. Tovey , A. Traeet ,C.J. Treado , T. Trefzger , F. Tresoldi , A. Tricoli , I.M. Trigger , S. Trincaz-Duvoid ,D.A. Trischuk , W. Trischuk , B. Trocmé , A. Trofymov , C. Troncon , F. Trovato ,L. Truong , M. Trzebinski , A. Trzupek , F. Tsai , J.C-L. Tseng , P.V. Tsiareshka ,A. Tsirigotis , V. Tsiskaridze , E.G. Tskhadadze , M. Tsopoulou , I.I. Tsukerman ,V. Tsulaia , S. Tsuno , D. Tsybychev , Y. Tu , A. Tudorache , V. Tudorache , T.T. Tulbure ,A.N. Tuna , S. Turchikhin , D. Turgeman , I. Turk Cakir , R.J. Turner , R.T. Turra , P.M. Tuts ,28. Tzamarias , E. Tzovara , G. Ucchielli , K. Uchida , F. Ukegawa , G. Unal , A. Undrus ,G. Unel , F.C. Ungaro , Y. Unno , K. Uno , J. Urban , P. Urquijo , G. Usai , Z. Uysal ,V. Vacek , B. Vachon , K.O.H. Vadla , A. Vaidya , C. Valderanis , E. Valdes Santurio ,M. Valente , S. Valentinetti , A. Valero , L. Valéry , R.A. Vallance , A. Vallier ,J.A. Valls Ferrer , T.R. Van Daalen , P. Van Gemmeren , I. Van Vulpen , M. Vanadia ,W. Vandelli , M. Vandenbroucke , E.R. Vandewall , A. Vaniachine , D. Vannicola , R. Vari ,E.W. Varnes , C. Varni , T. Varol , D. Varouchas , K.E. Varvell , M.E. Vasile ,G.A. Vasquez , F. Vazeille , D. Vazquez Furelos , T. Vazquez Schroeder , J. Veatch ,V. Vecchio , M.J. Veen , L.M. Veloce , F. Veloso , S. Veneziano , A. Ventura ,N. Venturi , A. Verbytskyi , V. Vercesi , M. Verducci , C.M. Vergel Infante , C. Vergis ,W. Verkerke , A.T. Vermeulen , J.C. Vermeulen , C. Vernieri , M.C. Vetterli ,N. Viaux Maira , T. Vickey , O.E. Vickey Boeriu , G.H.A. Viehhauser , L. Vigani ,M. Villa , M. Villaplana Perez , E. Vilucchi , M.G. Vincter , G.S. Virdee , A. Vishwakarma ,C. Vittori , I. Vivarelli , M. Vogel , P. Vokac , S.E. von Buddenbrock , E. Von Toerne ,V. Vorobel , K. Vorobev , M. Vos , J.H. Vossebeld , M. Vozak , N. Vranjes ,M. Vranjes Milosavljevic , V. Vrba , M. Vreeswijk , R. Vuillermet , I. Vukotic , S. Wada ,P. Wagner , W. Wagner , J. Wagner-Kuhr , S. Wahdan , H. Wahlberg , R. Wakasa ,V.M. Walbrecht , J. Walder , R. Walker , S.D. Walker , W. Walkowiak , V. Wallangen ,A.M. Wang , A.Z. Wang , C. Wang , F. Wang , H. Wang , H. Wang , J. Wang , J. Wang ,P. Wang , Q. Wang , R.-J. Wang , R. Wang , R. Wang , S.M. Wang , W.T. Wang , W. Wang ,W.X. Wang , Y. Wang , Z. Wang , C. Wanotayaroj , A. Warburton , C.P. Ward ,D.R. Wardrope , N. Warrack , A. Washbrook , A.T. Watson , M.F. Watson , G. Watts ,B.M. Waugh , A.F. Webb , C. Weber , M.S. Weber , S.A. Weber , S.M. Weber ,A.R. Weidberg , J. Weingarten , M. Weirich , C. Weiser , P.S. Wells , T. Wenaus , T. Wengler ,S. Wenig , N. Wermes , M.D. Werner , M. Wessels , T.D. Weston , K. Whalen , N.L. Whallon ,A.M. Wharton , A.S. White , A. White , M.J. White , D. Whiteson , B.W. Whitmore ,W. Wiedenmann , C. Wiel , M. Wielers , N. Wieseotte , C. Wiglesworth , L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs ,H.G. Wilkens , L.J. Wilkins , H.H. Williams , S. Williams , C. Willis , S. Willocq ,I. Wingerter-Seez , E. Winkels , F. Winklmeier , B.T. Winter , M. Wittgen , M. Wobisch ,A. Wolf , T.M.H. Wolf , R. Wol ff , R. Wölker , J. Wollrath , M.W. Wolter , H. Wolters ,V.W.S. Wong , N.L. Woods , S.D. Worm , B.K. Wosiek , K.W. Wo´zniak , K. Wraight ,S.L. Wu , X. Wu , Y. Wu , T.R. Wyatt , B.M. Wynne , S. Xella , Z. Xi , L. Xia , X. Xiao ,I. Xiotidis , D. Xu , H. Xu , H. Xu , L. Xu , T. Xu , W. Xu , Z. Xu , Z. Xu ,B. Yabsley , S. Yacoob , K. Yajima , D.P. Yallup , N. Yamaguchi , Y. Yamaguchi ,A. Yamamoto , M. Yamatani , T. Yamazaki , Y. Yamazaki , J. Yan , Z. Yan , H.J. Yang ,H.T. Yang , S. Yang , T. Yang , X. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Yang , W-M. Yao , Y.C. Yap ,Y. Yasu , E. Yatsenko , H. Ye , J. Ye , S. Ye , I. Yeletskikh , M.R. Yexley , E. Yigitbasi ,K. Yorita , K. Yoshihara , C.J.S. Young , C. Young , J. Yu , R. Yuan , X. Yue ,M. Zaazoua , B. Zabinski , G. Zacharis , E. Za ff aroni , J. Zahreddine , A.M. Zaitsev ,T. Zakareishvili , N. Zakharchuk , S. Zambito , D. Zanzi , D.R. Zaripovas , S.V. Zeißner ,C. Zeitnitz , G. Zemaityte , J.C. Zeng , O. Zenin , T. Ženiš , D. Zerwas , M. Zgubiˇc ,B. Zhang , D.F. Zhang , G. Zhang , H. Zhang , J. Zhang , Kaili. Zhang , L. Zhang ,L. Zhang , M. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. Zhang , Y. Zhang ,Z. Zhang , Z. Zhang , P. Zhao , Z. Zhao , A. Zhemchugov , Z. Zheng , D. Zhong , B. Zhou ,C. Zhou , H. Zhou , M.S. Zhou , M. Zhou , N. Zhou , Y. Zhou , C.G. Zhu , C. Zhu ,H.L. Zhu , H. Zhu , J. Zhu , Y. Zhu , X. Zhuang , K. Zhukov , V. Zhulanov ,D. Zieminska , N.I. Zimine , S. Zimmermann , Z. Zinonos , M. Ziolkowski , L. Živkovi´c ,29. Zobernig , A. Zoccoli , K. Zoch , T.G. Zorbas , R. Zou , L. Zwalinski . Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; Australia. Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany NY; United States of America. Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB; Canada. a ) Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; ( b ) Istanbul Aydin University, Application andResearch Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul; ( c ) Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economicsand Technology, Ankara; Turkey. LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS / IN2P3, Annecy; France. High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL; United States of America. Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ; United States of America. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX; United States of America. Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens; Greece. Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou; Greece. Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX; United States of America. a ) Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul; ( b ) Istanbul BilgiUniversity, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul; ( c ) Department of Physics, BogaziciUniversity, Istanbul; ( d ) Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep; Turkey. Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona;Spain. a ) Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; ( b ) Physics Department,Tsinghua University, Beijing; ( c ) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing; ( d ) University ofChinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing; China. Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; Serbia. Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen; Norway. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA;United States of America. Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany. Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University ofBern, Bern; Switzerland. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom. a ) Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño,Bogotá; ( b ) Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Colombia. a ) INFN Bologna and Universita’ di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica; ( b ) INFN Sezione di Bologna; Italy. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn; Germany. Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA; United States of America. Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA; United States of America. a ) Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov; ( b ) Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and NuclearEngineering, Bucharest; ( c ) Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi; ( d ) NationalInstitute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department,Cluj-Napoca; ( e ) University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest; ( f ) West University in Timisoara, Timisoara;Romania. a ) Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; ( b ) Department ofSubnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice; SlovakRepublic. Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY; United States of America.30 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Argentina. California State University, CA; United States of America. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom. a ) Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town; ( b ) iThemba Labs, WesternCape; ( c ) Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg; ( d ) University of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria; ( e ) School of Physics,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; South Africa. Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON; Canada. a ) Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - UniversitéHassan II, Casablanca; ( b ) Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kénitra; ( c ) Faculté des SciencesSemlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech; ( d ) Faculté des Sciences, Université MohamedPremier and LPTPM, Oujda; ( e ) Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat; Morocco. CERN, Geneva; Switzerland. Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL; United States of America. LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS / IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand; France. Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY; United States of America. Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Denmark. a ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende; ( b ) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; Italy. Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX; United States of America. Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX; United States of America. National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi; Greece. a ) Department of Physics, Stockholm University; ( b ) Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm; Sweden. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen; Germany. Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund; Germany. Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden; Germany. Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC; United States of America. SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; United Kingdom. INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati; Italy. Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany. II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen; Germany. Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; Switzerland. a ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova; ( b ) INFN Sezione di Genova; Italy. II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen; Germany. SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; United Kingdom. LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS / IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble; France. Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA; United States ofAmerica. a ) Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; ( b ) Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Scienceand Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University,Qingdao; ( c ) School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC,Shanghai; ( d ) Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai; China. a ) Kirchho ff -Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; ( b ) PhysikalischesInstitut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Germany. Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima; Japan. a ) Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; ( b ) Department of31hysics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; ( c ) Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; China. Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu; Taiwan. IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS / IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France. Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN; United States of America. a ) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine; ( b ) ICTP, Trieste; ( c ) DipartimentoPolitecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Lecce; ( b ) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Milano; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Napoli; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Pavia; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Pisa; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Roma; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma; Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma;Italy. a ) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; ( b ) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma; Italy. a ) INFN-TIFPA; ( b ) Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento; Italy. Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck; Austria. University of Iowa, Iowa City IA; United States of America. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA; United States of America. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Russia. a ) Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz deFora; ( b ) Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE / EE / IF, Rio de Janeiro; ( c ) Universidade Federal deSão João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei; ( d ) Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo;Brazil. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba; Japan. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe; Japan. a ) AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science,Krakow; ( b ) Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Poland. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow; Poland. Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; Japan. Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto; Japan. Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka; Japan. Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata; Argentina. Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster; United Kingdom. Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; United Kingdom. Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics,University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slovenia. School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London; United Kingdom. Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham; United Kingdom. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London; United Kingdom. Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America. Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund; Sweden. Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3),Villeurbanne; France. Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid; Spain.32 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz; Germany.
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom.
CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS / IN2P3, Marseille; France.
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; United States of America.
Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC; Canada.
School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Australia.
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; United States of America.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United States ofAmerica.
B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk; Belarus.
Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk; Belarus.
Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC; Canada.
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Russia.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow; Russia.
D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow;Russia.
Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Germany.
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München; Germany.
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki; Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya; Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM; United States ofAmerica.
Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen / Nikhef,Nijmegen; Netherlands.
Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam;Netherlands.
Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL; United States of America. a ) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk; ( b ) Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk; Russia.
Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino; Russia.
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National ResearchCentre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow; Russia.
Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY; United States of America.
Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan.
Ohio State University, Columbus OH; United States of America.
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK; UnitedStates of America.
Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK; United States of America.
Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc; Czech Republic.
Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; United States of America.
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan.
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo; Norway.
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford; United Kingdom.
LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS / IN2P3, Paris; France.
Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA; United States of America.
Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", PNPI, St.Petersburg; Russia. 33 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA; United States ofAmerica. a ) Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa; ( b ) Departamento deFísica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; ( c ) Departamento de Física, Universidade deCoimbra, Coimbra; ( d ) Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; ( e ) Departamento deFísica, Universidade do Minho, Braga; ( f ) Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad deGranada, Granada (Spain); ( g ) Dep Física and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica; ( h ) Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa;Portugal.
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague; Czech Republic.
Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague; Czech Republic.
Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague; Czech Republic.
Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot; United Kingdom.
IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette; France.
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA; UnitedStates of America. a ) Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago; ( b ) Universidad AndresBello, Department of Physics, Santiago; ( c ) Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad deTarapacá; ( d ) Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso; Chile.
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; United States of America.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of She ffi eld, She ffi eld; United Kingdom. Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano; Japan.
Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen; Germany.
Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC; Canada.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA; United States of America.
Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Sweden.
Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY; United States ofAmerica.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton; United Kingdom.
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney; Australia.
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Taiwan. a ) E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; ( b ) HighEnergy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; Georgia.
Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Israel.
Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Israel.
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; Greece.
International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo,Tokyo; Japan.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo; Japan.
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo; Japan.
Tomsk State University, Tomsk; Russia.
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Canada. a ) TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; ( b ) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON;Canada.
Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and AppliedSciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA; United States of America.34 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA; United States ofAmerica.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala; Sweden.
Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL; United States of America.
Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia; Spain.
Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; Canada.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC; Canada.
Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg; Germany.
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry; United Kingdom.
Waseda University, Tokyo; Japan.
Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Israel.
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; United States of America.
Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische UniversitätWuppertal, Wuppertal; Germany.
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT; United States of America. a Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York NY; UnitedStates of America. b Also at CERN, Geneva; Switzerland. c Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS / IN2P3, Marseille; France. d Also at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève;Switzerland. e Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Spain. f Also at Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah; United ArabEmirates. g Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios; Greece. h Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; UnitedStates of America. i Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; United States ofAmerica. j Also at Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva; Israel. k Also at Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay; United States of America. l Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno; United States of America. m Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento; United States of America. n Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London; United Kingdom. o Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg; Russia. p Also at Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; Australia. q Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Switzerland. r Also at Dipartimento di Matematica, Informatica e Fisica, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy. s Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow; Russia. t Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun; Turkey. u Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan. v Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras; Greece. w Also at IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS / IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France. x Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona; Spain. y Also at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; Germany. z Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud UniversityNijmegen / Nikhef, Nijmegen; Netherlands. 35 a Also at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy ofSciences, Sofia; Bulgaria. ab Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest;Hungary. ac Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Vancouver; Canada. ad Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan. ae Also at Instituto de Fisica Teorica, IFT-UAM / CSIC, Madrid; Spain. a f
Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; Russia. a g Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America. ah Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny; Russia. ai Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow; Russia. a j
Also at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus; Palestine. ak Also at Physics Dept, University of South Africa, Pretoria; South Africa. al Also at Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany. am Also at The City College of New York, New York NY; United States of America. an Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; Canada. ao Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli; Italy. ∗∗