aa r X i v : . [ a s t r o - ph . E P ] O c t Naming the extrasolar planets
W. Lyra
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected]
Abstract
Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to onlyby their assigned scientific designation. The reason givenby the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid-ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. Iadvance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug-gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates knownas of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of associationwith the constellation that the host star pertains to, andtherefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology.Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitableassociation is established.
Since the discovery of the first extrasolar planet, around thestar 51 Pegasi (Mayor & Queloz 1995), over 400 planets sur-rounding other stars have been discovered. It is no exag-geration to say that, for astronomy, the year of 1995 hasa historic resonance with 1781, 1846, and 1930. However,unlike Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, the almost totality ofthese extrasolar planets are known by no other name thanthe scientifically dry designations given to them.It is my intent to make the case that naming these plan-ets is desirable. Poincar´e (1905) emphasized the usefulnessof astronomy by saying that “it is useful because it raisesus above ourselves, because it is great, because it is beauti-ful”. Planet MOA-2008-BLG-310-L b, a sub-Saturnian massplanet recently detected in the Galactic Bulge with the tech-nique of microlensing (Janczak et al. 2009), certainly in-spires this feeling of transcendence Poincar´e describes. Butits name hardly helps on conveying it.One of the main reasons I consider for naming the extra-solar planets is the Copernican Principle itself. Our place inthe cosmos is not special in any way, so there is no reasonwhy only the planetary objects in the solar system shouldbe named. Shakespeare would perhaps disagree with me andsay that Io by any other name would smell as bad; and itis true that HD 128311 b will have the same radial velocitycurve irrespectively of us naming it after a catalog numberor after Bacchus. However, the non-special nature of ourplace in the Universe is better underscored by naming ourneighbors. Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars is a sequence ofequals. Sol b - Sol c - Earth - Sol d would implicitly implythat the Earth is special in some way. Likewise, Jupiter isbeing paired to obscure names such as XO-1 b, TrES-4 b, and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators conveythe message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter.In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giantlike Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper-nicanism.One reason given by the IAU for not considering namingthe extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical.One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found tooccur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individualnames for planets might well rapidly be found equally im-practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” . This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impracticalto name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless.In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named.Galaxies are named. Stars are named. Even asteroids arenamed. So why not name the exoplanets? Granted, not allgalaxies have names. Only the nearby ones, and in this case,the names are easily fixed due to the shape of the galaxy -Whirlpool, Antenna, Sombrero -, or of the constellation -Andromeda, Circinus, Carina. Star naming also has a cri-terion - the brightness. All stars brighter than V =1.5 havea proper name, the frequency of named stars declining asthe magnitude increases . Yet nothing has stopped peoplefrom naming over 15,000 asteroids and minor planets. Infact, it seems to be that the main reason for over 400 knownexoplanets remaining unnamed is that no one has yet donethe job of naming them all. Indeed, as discoveries proceed(and hopefully skyrocket with the Gaia mission), naming allplanets will be impractical. But the benefits of having someof them named is as clear as in the case of stars. In thismanuscript, I set myself to the task.In some cases, planets have already been nicknamed. Forsome, the epithet is sound. On naming 51 Pegasi b, I im-mediately thought of Bellerophon, the rider of the wingedhorse. Then I found out that someone else also shared thesame taste for mythological associations and had alreadynicknamed the planet with the same name. I also cameacross the webpage of the “Extrasolar planet naming soci-ety”, created in November 2008 with the idea of organizinga concerted collective effort to name the known exoplanets. S. Boscardin, from Observat´orio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pointed to me that there are four unnamed stars brighter than V =2.5.They are gamma and delta Velorum, of magnitudes V =1.8 and 2.0,and epsilon and eta Centauri, both of magnitude V =2.5. I credit himhere for this information, and echo his suggestion that the IAU shouldconsider naming these four lone stars. He further informs me that thereare 84 stars between 2.5 In assigning the names, it seems natural to follow the mytho-logical stories of the constellations. Andromeda’s myth forthe planets in Andromeda, Hercules’ myth for planets inHercules. It is as simple as it sounds, though there are somecaveats where subtleties apply.In suggesting names for the planets, I was tempted tocircumvent some problems that, in the end, proved unavoid-able. One of them refers to too common personal names. Forinstance, Leda is a natural choice for a planet in Cygnus, theSwan. The name is not popular in the United States, but isquite popular in Brazil. I also assume that most native En-glish speakers would not favor a planet called “Jason” eventhough Carina, Puppis, and Vela beg for the name.However, any attempt to avoid these cases will invariablybe doomed to failure. When I finished an earlier draft of thismanuscript, I asked a Greek colleague to go through Table1 and check that the names were not too common in mod-ern Greece. She pointed a handful of semi-common names,a singer’s last name, and added that Peristera (Sect. 3.24)simply meant “female pigeon”, and that it sounded “a littlefunny”. The problem, of course, is that one can only identifythese special cases in languages and cultures one is familiarwith.The same problem exists for cacophonies. Take Uranus,for instance. It is an endless source of humor for each gener-ation of ten-year old native English speakers, yet innocuousin any other language. This is a well known problem for com-mercial companies, since their well-tailored name may wellbe a common name or sound offensive in another language.Avoiding it in all languages would be virtually impossible.As one cannot guarantee that no single name picked is acommon name or offensive word in any other language, it isless subjective to not avoid it even when one can identify it.Speaking of companies, I also made no attempt to avoidoverly used commercial names such as Clio (Sect. 3.70),Python (Sect. 3.76), or Nike (Sect. 3.62).I did, however, perform some censorship. For instance,Electryon (one of the Perseids) sounds too much like elec-tron (ispell even tried to correct it). Certainly we do notwant to have high-school teenagers confused over if electronis a sub-atomic particle or a planet. Aesthetics also played arole, since many times when faced with two or more choices,I picked the names that I judged more beautiful. I imaginethat an observational proposal to image planet Halirrhothiuscan be avoided. And planet Medusa would be just short ofpetrifying some. I am aware that this is subjective, and otherpersons would have different aesthetic sensitivities. How-ever, I could not avoid it and will not pretend I did. ThoughI notice that when reading the names over and over again,I tend to get used to them. In fact, I am already startingto like the sound of Halirrhothius. I invite the reader to dothe same exercise with unappetizing names that eventuallyshow up in Table 1.Another problem is that most names are already used for Though I add that Nike should be read nikki , not nyke . Obviouslythe same applies to Dike, (Sect. 3.49), here stated lest I start gettingemails of protest from conservative sects of society. In Moore’s webpage, as mentioned, ∼ 50 planet names werealready suggested. I acknowledge Moore for anticipating insome way the method that I propose here, i.e., naming theplanets after some association, even loose, to the constella-tion of the host star. So it is that the quadruple systemaround Gliese 581, in the constellation of Libra, may as wellbe named after Themis, the Titanian goddess of justice, andher offspring, the Horae. Eirene (peace), Dike (trial), andEunomia (rule of law). Moore had already suggested Dikefor the planet 23 Librae b, but to have Themis’ offspringfollowing her seems a more natural choice. Another point ofcoincidental agreement regards the already mentioned plan-ets around Upsilon Andromedae. Both Moore and I inde-pendently found it natural to name them after the descen-dants of Andromeda. We only chose different sons. While hechooses Alcaeus and the confusing name of Electryon, I pre-fer Heleus, Mestor, and Cynurus. It is my sincere hope thatthe discoverers find them better than Fourpiter, Twopiter,and Dinky.A point that I disagree, however, is the policy of reservinga good name for yet-to-be-discovered planets. Moore doesso with Orpheus, reserving the name for a planet aroundVega. I am not insensitive to the poetry of the choice. Not only Vega is the brightest star of Orpheus’ instrument,Lyra, the lyre, but it will also soon leave the main sequence.Vega’s death would sink planet Orpheus into darkness, thusastronomically mimicking his famous descent into the un-derworld. Yet, no matter how likely, we cannot pre-assumethat a planet will be found in Vega. I instead use Orpheus toname the planet HD 173416 b, also in Lyra. Below I discussanother main point of disagreement. Many of the names suggested by Moore come from othermythologies rather than Roman-Greek. In particular, someof the planets were dubbed Yahweh, Jehovah, and Satan;perhaps following the “Metuselah” suggestion for the planetPSR B1620-26 b. I argue that names from Judeo-Christiantradition are to be avoided, due to their still widespreadacceptance through the world in the current age. Adherentsof the Abrahamic religions - and they go by the billions -certainly will not appreciate a planet named after Lucifer,and most likely will not like to see the name of their supremedeity being given to a ball of rotating gas.The discussion about keeping or not keeping the classictradition is by no means new. Galileo named the satellites hediscovered Medicia Sidera , after his patron. Cassini followedhis exampled and named the satellites of Saturn that he dis-covered Sidera Lodoicea (Louisian Stars), after king LouisXIV of France, also his patron. The naming of Uranus andNeptune is a fascinating chapter in the history of Astronomy,and to that I refer the reader to the excellent essays of Gin-gerish (1958) and Kollerstrom (2009). It suffices to say thatthe former was known as “George’s star”, “George’s planet”or “Herschell” well into the mid-19th century, and the lat-ter went by the name “Le Verrier” even though Le Verrierhimself suggested the name by which we call it today.The main argument given at the time for not keeping themythological tradition was based on the fact that the classi-cal planets (i.e., up to Saturn) were named by the ancientsafter their gods in an era long gone. William Herschel isquoted as saying that “In the present more philosophical erait would hardly be allowable to have recourse to the samemethod” (Dreyer 1912). Bode, however, argued for conti-nuity, and remarked that just as Saturn was the father ofJupiter, the new planet should be named after the father ofSaturn, Uranus. Uranus was also the consort of Gaia, theEarth. Since Venus sprang from Uranus, and both Mercuryand Mars are Jupiter’s children, the planets would coher-ently represent the mythological family.Of course, that debate revolved around whether ornot Roman-Greek classical tradition should be continued,whereas here the discussion is whether or not to includeother mythologies rather than Roman-Greek. However, wecan once again invoke Bode’s argument. The method pro-posed here is to name the planets after some association tothe constellation of the host star. As the constellations de-fined by the IAU are based on the Roman-Greek myths, theuse of non Roman-Greek mythological names would breakthe coherency of the system.There is one important exception though, occupying al-3ost half of the sky. It is that of the southern constella-tions, most of which have no mythological connection. Inthese cases, if a suitable association can be found, namesfrom other mythologies may be used without abandoning co-herency. Moore also touches this point, for example, whensuggesting a planet in Vulpecula, the fox, be called Anubis,after the jackal-headed Egyptian deity. He also suggests thename Qilin, after the Chinese mythical animal, for a planetin Monoceros, the unicorn. However, neither a jackal is afox nor the qilin a unicorn, so I do not use these names.Nevertheless, loose associations with other mythologies arewelcome and desirable, since they maximize the availablenames.Further associations may be drawn from the fact thatmany Roman-Greek heroes, gods and demigods find counter-parts in other mythologies. For instance, in Norse mythol-ogy, Odin plays the role of Jupiter, Tyr that of Mars, Helathe role of Pluto, Freya that of Venus, Njord that of Neptune,and Sigurd (Sigfried) that of Hercules. Sun-gods feature inmost mythologies and may thus be easily associated when-ever Helios is invoked. Also, the naming system is of associ-ations between myth and constellation, so nothing impedesassociations with the way other ancient cultures divided thesky. For instance, Orion is Gilgamesh in Sumerian mythol-ogy. Chinese and Indians also divided the sky differently,and names may be draw from Chinese or Vedic mythologiesaccording to those constellations. Name suggestions fromastronomers better acquainted with these mythologies areof course welcome.However, even though I am sympathetic to the inclusionof Norse, Egyptian, and Sumerian mythologies (to name themost popular ones after Roman-Greek), as long as they donot break the symmetry of the system, attention should bedraw to the fact that it is not obvious where to draw the lineon which mythologies to include and which not to. In thecase of the trans-Neptunian objects, names such as Make-make (from Easter Island mythology) and Haumea (fromInuit mythology) were adopted. But one particular insightthat usually goes unstated is that the well-intended honor-ing may instead be embarrassing for cultures that, unlike theGreeks, are not used to the international spotlight. I do notknow what the feelings of the inhabitants of Easter Islandand Greenland are on this particular subject, but I suspectmost Brazilians would object to a planet named after theHeadless Mule. The classical constellations described in the Almagest(Ptolomey 148) were of course drawn over the stars visi-ble from the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere only.For these, the myths where to look for prospective names areobvious. However, most of the austral constellations definedduring the Age of Navigation have no mythological associa-tion. I acknowledge Moore for also touching the importantpoint of what to do with them.The step here is to find an association between them andclassical mythology. An obvious one is Horologium, thehourglass. He suggested Cronus, Greek name of Saturn, Ti- tan god of time, for the planet of Iota Horologii. I agreewith the suggestion. These constellations deserve furtherdiscourse. Petrus Plancius, Dutch cartographer and uranographer,mapped the stars of the southern sky into new constella-tions. He asked a navigator to draw the positions of thestars around the south pole, and arranged these stars as hesaw fit. Those were later published by Johann Bayer in hissky atlas, the Uranometria (Bayer 1603). Of these constel-lations, twelve have become standard.The drawback is that Plancius referred these constella-tions not to mythology, but to natural history. To that headded Indus, the Indian. Both follow the enthusiasm of thetime over the newly discovered lands. His constellations areApus, the bird of paradise; Chamaeleon; Dorado, the gold-fish; Grus, the crane; Hydrus, the small water snake; Indus,the Indian; Musca, the Fly; Pavo, the Peacock; Phoenix;Triangulum Australe, the southern triangle; Tucana, thetoucan; and Volans, the flying fish. He later also definedColumba, the dove.These constellations are easily associated with Roman-Greek mythology. The sea animals may draw from the mythof Neptune. The land animals from Diana or Mercury. Di-ana for her role as protector of wildlife (in spite of being ahunter herself), Mercury for this role as protector of shep-herds and flock animals (in spite of being a trickster himself).Grus (Sect. 3.39), Pavo (Sect. 3.61), Phoenix (Sect. 3.64),and Columba (Sect. 3.24) have other interesting associationson their own, namely with the Deluge, Juno, and Helios, re-spectively. Triangulum (Sect. 3.80), Indus (Sect. 3.44), andHydrus (Sect. 3.43) also draw from other associations. Nicolas Lacaille, french astronomer, performed observationsof the southern sky from South Africa, from where he cata-logued many stars and defined new constellations (Lacaille1763). Fourteen of these are still with us today. Theseare namely Antlia, the pump; Caelum, the chisel; Circi-nus, the drawing compass; Fornax, the furnace; Horologium,the hourglass; Mensa, the table; Microscopium; Norma, thesquare; Octans, after the astronomical octant; Pictor, forthe painter’s easel; Pyxis, the mariner compass; Reticulum,Sculptor, and Telescopium.As can be seen, Lacaille followed Plancius in discontinuingthe mythological tradition and named these faint regions ofthe sky mainly after scientific inventions of the time (Mensais named after the Table Mountains, in South Africa, thatimpressed him. Lacaille is further credited to splitting thegigantic constellation of Argo Navis into Carina, Puppis, andVela).I propose here to in some way revert this action and nameplanets in these non-mythological, engineer-related, constel-lations, after inventors in the Greek myths. The first amongthem is of course Vulcan, the Olympian smith-god. Othergod is Mercury, who invented the lyre, coinage, weights andmeasures, also sometimes related to sciences and inventions.4inerva, of course, goddess of wisdom, reverenced in mostuniversities. Among mortals, Daedalus, father of Icarus, whoconstructed the labyrinth to trap the Minotaur, and alsoattempted flight. Yet another is Palamedes, who inventedthe dice during the siege of Troy according to Sophocles;Philoctetes, a master-archer, who invented other types ofbow. Johannes Hevelius defined ten new constellations (Hevelius1690), seven of which are still in use today. Two of themare Canis Venatici, the hunting hounds, that he separatedfrom Bootes; and Leo Minor, that he separated from Leoand defined as a lion cub that accompanies it. The otherfive of the new ones are Lacerta, the lizard; Lynx; Scutum,the shield; Sextans; and Vulpecula, the fox.Canes Venatici and Leo Minor have their mythological as-sociations bound to the constellations whence they sprung.He did not devise mythological associations for the other five,but we can establish them nonetheless. As animals, Lacerta,Lynx, and Vulpecula could be associated with Diana andMercury, as suggested in Sect. 2.3.1. However, Lynx andLacerta better resonate with Ceres, who transformed Lyn-cus, the king of Scythia, into a lynx. In another myth, shetransformed Abas, a prince of Eleusis, into a lizard. Vulpec-ula finds echo with the myth of the Teumessian fox. Scutumhas no planets discovered there yet, but as a shield, couldbe linked to Vulcan. As for Sextans, its being an instrumentand thus fruit of human intelligence, allows for an associationwith Minerva. For its astronomical relevance, with Apollo.However, I prefer to use names from the epics of navigation,the Odyssey being the most famous. The sources of names here proposed for the planets nat-urally come from the classical references of Roman-Greekmythology. Theogony (Hesiod ca 700 BC), the Iliad (Homerca 800 BCa), the Odyssey (Homer ca 800 BCb), Argonau-tica (Apollonius ca 250 BC), the Aeneid (Virgil 19 BC), andMetamorphoses (Ovid 8 AD). The whole problem with thesouthern constellations is that they were drawn almost twothousand years later, during the Ages of Discoveries, whenthose stars were first seen by inhabitants of the Northernhemisphere.As such, I am inclined to consider other sailing mythas well, namely, the Lusiad (Cam˜oes 1572). This master-piece of Portuguese literature by Luis de Cam˜oes (angli-cized Camoens ) tells the story of Vasco da Gama’s sailingto India in much the same spirit of Homer’s Odyssey andVirgil’s Aeneid, i.e., as a tale of dispute between the Greekgods, and how they interfere on and control human affairs.Pertaining to the Renaissance, it is not part of standard clas-sical Roman-Greek mythology. Yet Thomas Bulfinch found The fact that many Portuguese astronomers are formerly or cur-rently associated with the Geneva group did not affect my choice toinclude the Lusiad. If it also serves the purpose of homage, so be it. it an epic of enough importance to mention it in his Age ofFable (Bulfinch 1855).The long poem starts after Vasco da Gama had alreadyset sail to uncharted waters. Jupiter recognizes that thisrepresents the coming of a new age in human history, theAge of Discovery, and summons a council of the Olympiansto decide if they should help da Gama on reaching his goal.Jupiter gives his consent, as he knows that the Portugueseare destined by the Fates to reach the Indies. However, Bac-chus fears that his cult will lose power if da Gama succeeds,and disagrees with the decision of Jupiter. Venus favors daGama, as she sees the Portuguese as successors of the Ro-mans, and knows that they will worship her as ferventlyas the ancients. A heated discussion soon starts, with theother gods taking either Venus or Bacchus’ side, until Marsaggressively takes the word. He also takes the side of thePortuguese (for love of Venus or proud of the courageoussailors), and reminds the others that Jupiter had already de-cided. Jupiter agrees, and the council is finished. The godswill help da Gama in his way to the Indies, while Bacchus,the main antagonist, tries in infinite ways to stop him. Theepic is full of mythological allegories, such as Venus sendingher nymphs to seduce the winds, thus easing the voyage, aGigante guarding the Cape of Good Hope, and a Homericinvocation to the nymphs of the river Tagus in the very firstpage. It draws from classic tradition even in geometry: theclimax, the arrival in India, was placed at the point in thepoem that divides the work according to the golden ratio.Pertaining to the time when the southern constellationswere drawn, it is well suited to the role of source of names totheir planets, without invoking non-classical themes. Using atext written in the Renaissance for a constellation defined inthe Renaissance provides a pleasant satisfaction for anyonewho admires symmetry.I am aware that by including the Lusiad I might be open-ing the door to other myths rather than classic ones, but Ionce again stress that I choose the Lusiad explicitly becauseit is unique in Renaissance literature in its close associationwith the Greek myths. Other works (renaissantist or not)such as France’s The Song of Roland , Germany’s Song of theNibelungs , Italy’s Divine Comedy (Alighieri 1321), Spain’s Don Quixote (Cervantes 1605, 1615), Hungary’s Siege ofSziget (Zr´ınyi 1651), or Finland’s The Kalevala (L¨onnrot1849), to name some, do not meet this requisite.There is one, though, that does. It is The Columbiad , writ-ten by Joel Barlow (1807). Written in the early 19th century,it aspired to be a national epic to the nascent USA. Like inthe Lusiad, it tells a modern sailing voyage in classic style.The voyage is of course that of Columbus and the discoveryof the New World. Also drawing from Roman-Greek mythol-ogy, Hesper(is), the Evening (thus West) appears in vision toColumbus. Inspired by that vison, he sails West. Naturally,Hesperis symbolizes the undiscovered lands of the Americancontinent. Unlike the Lusiad, though, it did not gain thesame popularity among its countrymen. One source (Vick- Unknown author, ca. 1150 Unknown author, ca. 1200. Even though the Nibelungenlied is ex-cluded due its lack of association with Roman-Greek mythology, it canlater be included due to the presence of Norse mythology. In two cases, Camelopardalis (Sect. 3.11) and Microscopium(Sect. 3.54), I made use of former constellations defined inthe same area of the sky. This was because these formerconstellations allowed for better mythological associations.In Camelopardalis, the giraffe, I used Custos Messium, theharvest keeper, defined by Lalande , that gives a good con-nection to Ceres.In Microscopium I preferred to use Globus Aerostaticus(hot air balloon), another constellation drawn by Lalande.The balloon reminds us of mankind’s attempts to fly, andthus to the myth of Daedalus and Icarus. Andromeda, named after the Ethiopian princess, offered insacrifice and later saved by Perseus, has an obvious mytho-logical association. I suggest the planets around stars of thatconstellation be named after the descendants of Perseus andAndromeda. They are seven sons, Cynurus, Perses, Alcaeus,Heleus, Mestor, Sthenelus, and Electryon; and two daughter,Gorgophone, and Autochtoe. The dynasty of the Perseusand Andromeda, the Perseids, has a profusion of legendswhere to draw further names from. Antlia, the air pump, is a constellation invented by Lacaille,who, as mentioned in Sect. 2.3.2, discontinued the traditionof mythological names. As explained in that section, I pro-pose to name planets in his constellations after inventors inthe classical myths. I pick here Palamedes for the planet ofHD 93083. As a fighter in the Trojan War, his myth has areasonable length where to draw more names. Vulcan, Mer-cury, Minerva, and other inventors can be other sources aswell. Apus, the bird of paradise, is one of the constellations de-fined by Plancius. As a bird, it should be draw associationwith Diana, the hunter goddess and also protector of wildlifein general. The planet around HD 131664 in Apus couldthen be called Virbius (Roman counterpart of Hyppolytus),a fair hero (or god in the Roman version) who spent his dayshunting with Diana. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_constellations The constellation of Aquarius represents Ganymede, thecup-bearer of the gods. His family tree therefore providesa good source of names for the planets in the constellation.The planets of Gliese 876 could be named Dardanus, Tros,and Ilus, after his great-grandfather, father, and brother,the founders of Dardania, Tros, and Illium, the three vil-lages that amalgamated into Troy. The associated with Troyprovides yet another source of names for futurely discoveredplanets.Other planets could be called Assaracus (the other brotherof Ganymede); Themiste, his niece, daughter of Ilus; Capys,his nephew, son of Assaracus and Aigesta (or Themiste, ac-cording to a variant of the legend). Other related characteris Teucrus, after whom the land Teucria was named. Teucriais the former name of Dardania, and is yet another name forthe Troad.In another variant, the figure in the constellation is Deu-calion, the water being poured representing the Deluge. Iprefer to keep Aquarius as Ganymede, the more acceptedversion, and associate Decaulion with the constellation ofGrus (Sect. 3.39) Aquila, the Eagle, appears three times in Greek mythology.First, it is the eagle that carried Jupiter’s thunderbolts inthe ten-year fight against his father Saturn and the Titansfor the control of the world. Later, it is the eagle (or Jupiterhimself in the shape on an eagle) that abducted Ganymedeto Mount Olympus. In a third appearance, it is Ethon, theeagle sent by Jupiter to torture Prometheus by repeatedlyeating his liver day by day.As the myth of Ganymede is already used in Aquarius,the latter is a more useful source of names, embodied inthe fascinating myth of Prometheus. Son of Iapetus, oneof the Titans, Prometheus created mankind from clay, alsogiving them reason. The Olympics did not think much ofthe new integrants of the world, and actually welcomed therituals of sacrifices and honor and reverence to them. Thebalance, however, tilted when Prometheus stole the fire ofthe gods and gave it to men. Men now did not need tofear cold or darkness, they could cook their grains, roasttheir meat, forge their weapons. Suddenly they were lessdependent on the gods. The Olympics feared that men couldeventually take their place on the command of the world, asthey supplanted the Titans before them. Mankind’s paradisehad to be destroyed, and Prometheus punished for the crimeof creating a race that rivaled the gods.Ethon and Prometheus are obvious choices of name. Otheris Epimetheus, Prometheus brother. Pandora does not strikeas a planet’s name, but Pithos, Pandora’s box, could feature,as well as its most precious contents, Elpis, hope in ancientGreek. Prometheus was chained by Cratos, Bia, and Vulcan,on top of a mount in the Caucasus.Bia (force) and Cratos (power) are two of four siblings, theother two being Nike (victory) and Zelus (zeal). The formeris associated with Minerva, and should be reserved for her.Zelus fits, although the name closely resembles “celo” (jeal-6usy) and “zelo” (zeal) in Spanish and Portuguese, respec-tively. Of course, there is no surprise, since the etymologyof both words come from the Greek deity. I also suggest toname one of the planets after the mount where Prometheuswas chained. The mount is usually associated with MountElbrus, the highest mount in the Caucasus. Ara, the Altar, is associated with the altar of Lycaon, kingof Arcadia, who slaughtered and dismembered one of his 50sons, offering the flesh in a banquet to the gods. Jupiterrestored the dead son to life, and punished Lycaon by strik-ing the remaining 49 with lightning, and changing him intoa werewolf. There are many different versions of the myth,one states that the offered child was Arcas, other that itwas Nyctimus. In another version, the 49 remaining chil-dren were not killed, but also turned into wolves. In anycase, we have enough names to choose from the kin of Ly-caon. For the seven planets discovered in Ara, I suggestPelasgus, Phassus, Nyctimus, Peucetis, Caucon, Cynaethus,Stymphalus, Melaeneus, and Eumon. Aries represents Chrysomallos, the winged ram with goldenfleece. It features prominently in the myth of Jason and theArgonauts, as the main goal of the expedition. As I reservemost of the myth for the constellation of Puppis, Vela, andCarina (the parts of the Argo), here I use only part of themyth of Aries that not associated with the Argonauts. Aswith Pegasus and Bellerophon, it is natural to associated aplanet with the character(s) who rode Aries. In this case, itis Phrixus, son of Athamas and Nephele, the cloud goddessmade by Jupiter in the shape of Juno, also mother of thecentaurs. Nephele sent Aries to save Phrixus and his twinsister, Helle, from their evil stepmother Ino, who plotted tokill them. Phrixus flew to Colchis, where he was adoptedby king Aeetes. There he married Chalciope, daughter ofAeetes, and sacrificed Aries to Jupiter.We already have in this paragraph six names for the plan-ets found in Aries to date. The planets in the triple systemaround HIP 14810 can be named Phrixus, Helle, and Chryso-mallos, thus the planets revolving around the star share amythological resemblance with the flight of the twins on theback of the winged ram. In the myth, Helle fell and drownedin the Dardanelles, which is where the ancient name of thestrait, Hellespont, comes from. HIP 14810d, the lighter andmost eccentric of the three planets, can be named after her.The planets around HD 12661 can be named Aeetes andChalciope, after Phrixus new family in Colchis, while HD20367 b can be named Colchis itself. The names Ino andAthamas can be reserved for further planets found in theconstellation. Nephele better fits with the centaurs, her morefamous offspring. Auriga, the charioteer, usually represents the blacksmith godVulcan. Planet Vulcan has become sort of a running gag in astronomy. It was the name given to a hypothetical planetsupposed to exist in an intra-Mercurian orbit, the inner solarsystem equivalent to Planet X (not Pluto). Before Einstein’sgeneral relativity, a hypothetical planet was the favored ex-planation for the precession of Mercury’s perihelion. Le Ver-rier called it Vulcan and calculated its orbit. His success withNeptune prompted a search and soon transits of Vulcan werereported. Le Verrier died convinced that he had discoveredyet another planet, but in the end, no conclusively evidenceof Vulcan could be found. The name nevertheless stuck withboth with the general public and among astronomers, sincethe blacksmith god is such a good name for an object so closeto a star. The former included a planet Vulcan in the seriesStar Trek, while the latter are still looking for hypotheticalVulcanoid asteroids between the Sun and Mercury. It waseven suggested that the whole class of Hot Jupiters shouldbe called “Vulcan Planets”. It seems that we are just dyingto use the name.So here it is. The transiting planet WASP-12 b seems thebest proxy of the class of Hot Jupiters among the planetsdiscovered in Auriga. With a mass of 1.41 M J , and a semi-major axis 0.0229 AU, it circles the star in 1.09 day. Thisscorched hot planet in Auriga certainly deserves the title ofVulcan. Since his beautiful wife Venus already lies in theSolar system, it seems fair that the smith god should havethe benefit of Aglaia, the youngest of the three Graces, whois attributed to be his wife in a variant of the myth. Lem-nos, the place where he landed when thrown from Olympusby his sweet of a mother; and Lycia, the place where hiscult originated, are also good choices. Euthenia, one of hisdaughters with Aglaia closes the list of names for Auriga. The constellation of Bootes, or herdsman, has no clear repre-sentation. In Roman-Greek mythology he is Arcas, the sonof Callisto and Jupiter, whereas others interpret it as beingIcarius (not Icarus), a herdsman who was taught the art ofwine-making by Bacchus himself. Yet another interpretationhas him as Atlas, who carried the world on his shoulders.The ambiguity is welcome, since the constellation is large.Arcas is also said to be Ursa Minor since, in a variant ofthe myth, Jupiter transformed both Callisto and Arcas intobears. Arcas lends its name to Arcadia, region of Greecefamous for its bucolic lifestyle. Arcadia is also where thecult of Apollo flourished, as well as the region where MountCyllene, the birthplace of Mercury, stands. Mercury’s mor-tal mother, Maia, also raised Arcas in a variant of the myth.Since Bacchus already appears in the constellation, we saveMercury for Lyra, the lyre, the instrument that he invented.Apollo has no clear strong association with any constellation(and loose associations with many), so I refrain from usinghis myth here as well.I propose to name the planets of Bootis after Arcas (tauBoo b), Atlas (HD 128311 b), and Bacchus (HD 132406 b).Other names are Arcadia for WASP-14 b, and Pramnos forHAT-P-4 b. The second planet of HD 128311 could be calledAithra, after the Oceanid nymph with whom Atlas begot theHyades.7tlas is purposely included. It is already a name given toa star of the Pleiades, a satellite of Saturn, and a crater onthe Moon. It illustrates that the same designation does notcause confusion since the objects pertain to different fieldsof study. Caelum, the chisel, contains no known planet-hosting starsas of Oct 2009. As an art-related constellations, names canbe drawn from Apollo’s myth. Camelopardalis, the giraffe, is a constellation created byPlancius. As a land animal, names for planets should bedrawn from Diana’s myth.Egeria, a nymph associated with Diana. Triklaria, oneof her titles, and Ephesia, after her main local of adoration,may as well appear as names for planets in this constellation.A loose association can be established with Ceres or otheragricultural deities, as mentioned in Sect. 2.5. I thereforesuggest one of the planets be called Opalia, after the festivi-ties to the goddess Ops. Ops, mother of Ceres, is the Romanequivalent to Rhea, mother of Demeter (Cybele was actuallyher name in Phrigya). Cancer, the crab, plays a minor role in Greek-Romanmythology, namely, in Hercules’ twelve labors. While Her-cules was fighting the Hydra of Lerna, Juno sent a crab todistract him. Hercules simply crushed the insignificant crea-ture. Grateful for the crab’s effort, Juno gave it a place insky.The connection with the Hydra allows for associating Can-cer with the region of Lerna, full of mythological detail. TheDanaids, for instance, buried in Lerna the heads of theirhusbands. I take three names from the Danaids, Anthelea,Stygne, and Euippe. From Juno we may take two of hertitles, Argive, and Teleia,For the planet recently discovered around HD 73534, Idraw again from the Danaids, and suggest the name ofPirene. Canes Venatici, the hunting hounds, is a spurious constella-tion. Historically part of Bootis, it was mistranslated fromGreek (as cudgel) to Arabic (hook) and once again from Ara-bic back to Latin (dogs). Hevelius (1690) formalized themas Bootes’ hunting hounds, Asterion and Chara. Asterion isnow known as Cor Caroli, which releases the name to plan-etary use. The only planet-hosting star in the constellationis HAT-P-12. I propose its planet be called Asterion, afterthe old name of Cor Caroli. Canis Major represents the dogs of Orion, the mighty hunter.One source cites them as Leucomelaena, Maera, Dromis, Cis-seta, Lampuris, Lycoctonus, Ptoophagus, and Arctophonus.We get the first six names. The constellation has a profusionof variants, maybe representing Laelaps, the mythologicaldog who never failed to catch a prey; maybe the hound ofProcris, a nymph of Diana; or the mightily fast dog given byAurora to Cephalus. Laelaps however, appears more promi-nently in the myth of the Teumessian fox, and therefore wechoose to use it for a planet in Vulpecula (Sect. 3.88). In anycase, there are plenty of sources for further names in CanisMajor, that can as well be applied to Canis Minor, whenplanets are found there. Canis Minor contains no known planet-hosting stars as ofOct 2009. The constellation of Capricornus, the goat, may representPan, the powerful Faun, or Amalthea, the goat that nour-ished the infant Jupiter. I prefer to connect the latter withMonoceros, that lacks other major mythological associa-tions, and use Pan for Capricornus.Pan is a pastoral deity, guardian of flocks and shepherds.His father was Mercury, who in the shape of a goat con-ceived him with a doubtful mother. The nymphs Dryope andOeneis; Penelope, the wife of Ulysses; and even Amaltheaherself, are mentioned in different versions of the myth. Asa Faun, Pan is depicted as a man with horns, tail and feetof a goat. He lived among the nymphs, and claimed to haveseduced many of them. One, Syrinx, was not so interestedand fled in terror. She was turned into a clump of reeds,from which Pan made a pipe, syrinx, the pan flute. Echo,usually associated with Narcissus, was also loved by Pan ina variant of her myth.The connection between Pan and Capricornus comes fromthe episode where he leapt into the Nile to escape Typhon asJupiter struggled with the monster. His head became that ofa goat, and his hindquarters the rear part of a fish. He waslater elevated to the skies as Capricornus. The constellationis referred sometimes to as the “sea-goat” because of it. Butthe name in Latin, capri-cornus, translates simply as goat-horn.I propose to name the three planets known in CapricornusSyrinx, Echo, and Dryope. Pan itself is not used since itis already a moon of Saturn. Actually, the main reason issubjective. Pan is homophonous to the widely used Greekword pan , to which the god has no connection. Echo has thesame name as the acoustic phenomenon, but here there isan immediate connection since the phenomenon was namedafter the nymph or vice-versa.8 .17 Carina Carina, like Puppis and Vela, is a part of the ancient con-stellation of Argo Navis, representing the ship of Jason andthe Argonauts. Due to its immense size, Navis was dividedby Lacaille (1763) into Carina, the keel, Puppis, the poopdeck, and Vela, the sails. I will refer to the three of them asNavis or Ship. The myth can be no other than the myth ofthe Argonauts, the 50-60 heroes who boarded the Argo withJason in his quest for Aries, the golden Fleece.I include the name Jason, even though it is a common malename in English-speaking countries (I add though, that theoriginal pronouncing is Yasson ). Other planets in Carina areobviously named after the Argonauts. Puppis and Vela willnaturally draw from the same source.As the Ship takes a very large fraction of the sky, we expectmany planets to be found there. Other sailing myths suchas the Iliad and the Lusiad may be used in the future. Cassiopeia, queen of Ethiopia, once unwisely bragged thatshe and her daughter Andromeda were fairer than theNereids. This angered Neptune, that put her near the pole,where she would spent half of her time upside down. I pro-pose to name the planets in Cassiopeia after the Nereids, tobetter torment the poor vain queen. Eulimene, Orinthya,and Thetis are my choices for the three known planets. The centaurs are well known to astronomers, as the minorbodies between the main belt and the Kuiper belt. As mostof them are already designated after a mythological centaur,we have no choice but to used repeated names. However, Ireserve Chiron for Sagittarius, the centaur usually associatedwith that constellation. In his place I include Nephele, themother of the Centaurs. Cepheus, Andromeda’s father, is a constellation where justone planet has been confirmed. I propose to name it afterDannaus, Cepheus’ brother. Cetus, the whale, is the sea monster sent by Neptune to ter-rorize the coast of Ethiopia in order to punish Cassiopeiafor her arrogance. Cetus plays a non-negligible role in Greekmythology as she and her consort Phorcyd, a primordialsea god, sprang many other monsters, collectively called thePhorcyds. I propose they should name the planets circlingstars in that constellation. Scylla, a six-headed monster;Stheno and Euryale, two of the Gorgons (the other beingMedusa); Echidna, usually the mother of all monsters, butaccording to a variant of the legend also an offspring of Ce-tus; Deino, one of the Graeae, three horrible sisters thatshared one eye and one tooth among them; and Thoosa,mother of the cyclops Polyphemus. Scylla also naturally brings Charybdis, the sea monster with whom she teams upon the task of dooming unadverted sailors.Cetus is a part of the sky called the Sea, for the profusionof water-related constellations. As such, I strongly encour-age the name of Ulysses for one of its planets, in honor ofthe hero who navigated through all these dangers. However,I use his Greek name Odysseus, since Ulysses is a semi-common male name. Planet Odysseus could be a planetof one of the double systems, HD 11964, so that the otherplanet is named after his son, Telemachus. The other dou-ble system, HD 11506, naturally goes to Scylla and Charyb-dis. The two most recent ones can be named after Callidice,wife of Odysseus during his voyage to Thesprotia, and Poly-poites, their son. The presence of Odysseus also allows forthe addition of characters of the Odyssey as more planets arediscovered in the Sea. This area of the sky includes Cetus,Aquarius, Pisces, Piscis Austrinus, Eridanus, Delphinus, andHydra. Some also include Navis, Crater, and Capricornus. Chamaeleon is one of Plancius’ constellations. Being an an-imal, it welcomes a connection with Diana. However, I aminclined to first associate it with Proteus, son of Neptune.Proteus can tell the future, but will only tell it to someonewho is capable of capturing him. To avoid that, he changeshis shape.Although shape-shifting is a common theme in Greekmythology, Proteus is the one deity mostly associated withit, as protean came to mean “versatile”, and carries a pos-itive connection of flexibility, versatility and adaptability,much in the same way as someone can be described as a“chameleon”. It also allows to use the myth of Neptune,quite underrepresented so far, instead of Diana, who will beshared among many animal-related constellations. Nereusalso has the ability to shape-shift, and may be used as well.He also figures in a version of the myth as Proteus father, themother being a Naiad, nymphs of springs and fresh water.As said in Sect. 2, I refrain from using the names of majormoons. But Naiad is only a smaller moon of Neptune. It mayas well figure as a planet with no major source of confusion. Circinus, the drafting compass, contains no known planet-hosting stars as of Oct 2009. Columba, the dove, is one of Plancius’ constellations. Henamed it after the dove of Noah, that gave him the infor-mation that the Flood had stopped. A flood legend alsofigures in Greek mythology, when Jupiter decided to endthe Bronze Age and sent the Deluge. However, I associatethat story with Grus (Sect. 3.39), and prefer to associateColumba with a passage of the Lusiad. Cam˜oes describes thechariot of Venus as being pulled by swans and surroundedby doves who playfully circle it. He names at least one, Peri-9tera , a nymph converted into a dove by Cupid. That fitswell for the only planet discovered so far circling a star inColumba (though the “planet” actually seems to be a browndwarf). Further discoveries may drawn from the myths ofVenus and/or Cupid, like Pisces (Sect. 3.66). Coma Berenices, or Berenice’s Hair, is one of the few constel-lations that is named after a historical rather than mytho-logical figure, Queen Berenice II of Egypt. However, Eratos-thenes referred to it as both Berenice’s Hair or Ariadne’sHair. I take the latter to keep the associations mythological.Ariadne is the daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who or-dered the construction of the Labyrinth to hold the Mino-taur. This immediately associates the constellation with themyth of Daedalus and Icarus, the Labyrinth’s most famousoccupants after only the Minotaur himself, and perhaps The-seus, who killed the Minotaur. In the more common versionof the myth, Ariadne fell in love with Theseus. In a variant,she is the bride of Bacchus.Two stars in Coma Berenices are known to have substel-lar companions, though one of them, HD 114762, is probablycircled by a brown dwarf. The other star, HD 108874, har-bors a double system. The double system may be called Ari-adne and Theseus. The massive planet can be called Naxos,after the island where Bacchus met Ariadne. HD 108874 bis a planet with close Earth-like insolation, so the name ofthe fair Ariadne is quite fit. Corona Austrina, the southern crown, contains no knownplanet-hosting stars as of Oct 2009. Corona Borealis is associated with a crown that Bacchusgave to Ariadne. Three stars with planets are known there,that I suggest be named after three of their children, Euan-thes, Staphylus, and Latramys. Corvus, the crow, is the bird of Apollo. In the myth thecrow as a speaking bird with white feathers, and loyal to thegod. The bird was put in charge of watching over Apollo’slove, Coronis, who was then pregnant with Asclepius (seeSect. 3.59). The crow witnessed Coronis being unfaithfulto him with a mortal, Ischys, and reported it to Apollo.The god was furious, and unjustly turned his anger on theunfortunate bird, scorching his feathers black and removingits ability to speak. He later also had his sister Diana killCoronis because he could not bear doing it himself.As of Oct 2009, there is one known planet circling a starin Corvus. I suggest naming it Coronis. As English is language with a penchant for paroxitones, I explicitlyinform that Peristera is a proparoxitone name, which, of course, makesit more beautiful. Crater, the cup, represents the cup of Apollo. The legenddoes not extend beyond a couple of lines. Corvus serves himwater, but lazily brings it with a water snake inside. Apolloangrily throws them all into the sky.With little to draw from, we may as well associate theconstellation with Ganymede again, or Hebe, the cupbearerbefore him. With Hercules, Hebe had two sons, Alexiaresand Aniketus, gatekeepers of Olympus, who may lend theirnames to the two planets discovered so far in Crater. Hebeherself is too common a name. Crux, the Southern Cross, is a constellation of major sig-nificance for navigation in the southern hemisphere. Unlikein the northern hemisphere, the celestial south pole has nobright star to mark its position. However, we can rely onthe Southern Cross to point our direction. Its major arm,prolonged 4.5 times, marks the position of the celestial southpole. It is also of cultural significance, appearing in the flagsof five countries, namely, Australia, Brazil, New Zealand,Papua New Guinea, and Samoa. In Brazil, where it is knownas Cruzeiro do Sul or simply Cruzeiro , it even featured asthe name of the currency (from 1942 to 1986 and again from1990 to 1994), as well as of a football team. These facts un-derscore that its main association is not with Christianity,but with south .Two planets are known in Crux, around the stars HD108147 b, and NGC 4349 No 127 (that a star in a cluster). Isuggest to name them after Livas, the Southwest wind, andApeliotes, the southeast wind. The south wind Noto is usedfor a planet in Octans, the constellation that contains thesouth pole. Cygnus, the swan, was the disguise used by Zeus to seduceand impregnate Leda, a much used theme in Renaissance art.I suggest the planets of Cygnus be named after Leda and herfamily. Thestius, her father; Iphicles, Eurypylus, two of herbrothers; Althaea, her sister; Timandra, her daughter, andEchemus, Timandra’s husband may name the double systemof HD 187123. A futurely discovered planet may be calledafter Cycnus, name of three characters of Greek mythologywho were transformed into swans. Delphinus, the dolphin, has a minor role in Greek mythology,associated with Arion, a poet of Lesbos allegedly from the7th century BC. Although his historical existence is a mat-ter of ongoing debate, legendary for sure is the story of hiskidnapping, that rendered the association with the dolphin.Sailing back home after winning a music competition, thecrew of the ship plotted to kill him and steal the prize. Hislast wish was to play one last song, a hymn to Apollo. Thebeautiful song attracted dolphins, and he jumped to the sea,being saved by one of them. The story is perhaps inspired10n the myth of Melikertes, also associated with the lesserknown Roman deity Portunes, god of harbors and ports.The myth allows for a loose association with Apollo. Al-though some might argue that Apollo as a solar deity shouldfigure in a zodiacal constellation, the resemblance of thenames Delphinus and Delphi, the Oracle of Apollo and themost famous in Greek mythology, somehow suggests the as-sociation. I therefore suggest the four planets known in Del-phinus to be called Delphi, Apollo, Melikertes, and Portunes. Dorado is one of the constellations created by Plancius. Do-rado or Dourado is the name given to many species of fishes,the best known of them being the goldfish (“dorado” liter-ally means “golden” in Spanish). It is also a major fish ofthe Amazon. There are two known planets circling stars inDorado. Being associated with water, I suggest one of thembe named Tyro, lover of Enipeus, a river-god. She was alsoone of the many love adventures of Neptune. The other mayas well be named Enipeus. Draco is a constellation representing Ladon, the hundred-headed dragon who guarded the garden of the Hesperides,nymphs of the evening, prominently featured as the 11th la-bor of Hercules. The names and number of the Hesperidesvaries according to variants of the myth. I list Aegle, Erys-teis, Lipara, and Chrysothemis as possible names. Anotherof the five planets discovered circling a star in Draco can ofcourse be named Ladon. Equuleus, the little horse, contains no known planet-hostingstars as of Oct 2009. Eridanus in most versions of the Greek myths is a river thatsurrounds the world. Virgil, however, lists it as one of therivers of Hades, the underworld, realm of Pluto. Hades hasother five rivers, Acheron, Cocytus, Phlegethon, Lethe, andStyx. These are obvious choices for planets around the starsof Eridanus. Further names can be drawn from the myth ofPluto. In particular, instead of Lethe I include Radhaman-tus, one of the three judges of Hades. Eachus, other judge,is also included (the third judge is Minos). Fornax, the furnace, is one of Lacaille’s constellations. Beinga furnace, it is immediately associated with Vulcan. Aetna,or Etna, after the mountain where his workshop was suppos-edly located, invites for a naming after volcanos. Lipari, forthe association with Vulcan. Milos, a volcano of Greece, andhomonomous volcanic island, is welcome since it is also asso-ciated with the famous statues Venus of Milo, thus indirectlyconnecting Vulcan and Venus, as in the myth. Gemini, represent the twins Castor and Pollux, the dioscuri,sons of Leda. As both are already names of stars, I suggestthe names of the other famous twins, Romulus and Remus,the mythical founders of Rome. The third planet in Geminican be Lupa, the she-wolf that nourished the twins. Grus, the bird crane, is one of Plancius’ constellations. Thecrane appears once in classic mythology, associated with theGreek version of the flood, as already mentioned in Columba.When Jupiter was about the send the deluge, Prometheusadvised his son Deucalion to build an ark. He and his wifePyrrha were thus saved from the rising waters. When thedeluge was over, Deucalion and Pyrrha consulted the oracleof Themis on how to repopulate the Earth. They were told tothrow the bones of their mother over their shoulders. Pyrrhainterpret the mother as being the Earth, the bones beingstones. The stones Deucalion threw became men; the onesthat Pyrrha threw become women.Other men escaped from perishing in the deluge as well,by clinging to the top of high mountains. One of them wasMegarus, who swam to the top of Mount Gerania, follow-ing the sound of cranes. There are four planets discoveredaround stars in Grus, that I suggest should be named Deu-calion, Pyrrha, Megarus, and Gerania. Hercules, as one of the richest myths of ancient Greece,should be a plentiful source of names on its own.In honor of the herculeous effort of those who discoveredthe exoplanets, I propose to name these planets after asso-ciations with the twelve labors of the hero. The first two,the Nemean Lion and the Lernaean Hydra, already haveassociated constellations, and should pertain there. Butthe other ten are there for the taking. I therefore suggestCerenytis, Erymanthus, Augean, Alpheus, Peneus, Stym-phalia, Diomedes, Geryon, and Cerberus.It is worth noting that although Cerberus could figure inEridanus, associated with Hades, it also fits well in Hercules.The reason is that Cerberus was a former constellation, de-fined by Hevelius (1690), who envisioned Hercules in the skystruggling with the three-headed dog. Horologium, the hourglass, is a modern constellation. As itassociated with time, I can think of no other but Cronus, Sat-urn’s Greek name, for the planet of HR 810, Iota Horologii,the only known planet-hosting star in that constellation. The constellation of Hydra, representing the Lernaean Hy-dra, deserves some pause. Hydra figures only as the 2ndlabor of Hercules, yet it is the biggest of the 88 constel-lations. Even though Lerna is full of mythological detail, I11eel forced to also use the constellation’s association with theSea, in order to maximize the possibilities of names for theconstellation. So it is that apart from Lerna, I summon firstsome Nereids. Amphitrite, Galatea, Pasithea, Nausithoe,Menippe, Thaleia, Spio, Ianira, and Asia. Yes, Asia. Thecontinent is named after her, just like Europe is named af-ter Europa, another nymph, that also named the secondGalilean moon. Also considering the difference in size be-tween the continents, it sounds reasonable that if a moon isnamed after Europa, that a planet should be named Asia.Lest someone gets excited on the other side of the Atlantic,Vespucci was a sea man, not a sea beauty.As said in Cancer, Lerna has other mythological signifi-cances. The Danaids, for instance, buried in Lerna the headsof their husbands. To complete the naming of the knownplanets in Hydra, we may use three Danaids, Adiante, Amy-mone, and Hyperippe. Amymone also resonates with theHydra itself, since the monster had its lair in the spring ofAmymone, deep in a cave in Lerna.Another trick, need it be, and already used in Cancer, isto associate it with Juno. After all, it was her who forcedHercules to execute the labors. Hydrus, the water snake, is a new constellation, but asso-ciated with the water snake that Corvus brought to Apolloin his cup (see Crater). Apollo angrily threw all of them tothe sky. Being nothing but a small annoyance to the god,we may as well name planets in these constellations afteranother particular nuisance. Delos and Ortygia, his and Di-ana’s places of birth may represent such difficulties. Juno,irritated with yet another love adventure of Jupiter, kid-napped Ilithyia, goddess of childbirth, in order to preventLeto from going into labor. Indus, the Indian, is one of Plancius’ constellations. It rep-resents an Indian, by the time referred to either a native ofIndia or of the Americas. I suggest Hesper, the evening, thesetting sun, and thus the Western Hemisphere. The samename is used by Joel Barlow to represent the lands of theAmerican continent in the Columbiad. Lacerta, the lizard, has one planet discovered. I suggest it benamed after Abas, son of king Celeus and prince of Eleusis(see Linx, Sect. 3.51), who was transformed into a lizard byCeres. Further names can be drawn from Ceres’ myth. Leo represents the Nemean lion, Hercules first labor. Itmay also be related to Bacchus, since the lion was an an-imal closely associated with the wine-god. Omphale, whowore the skin of the lion, Lamus, her son with Hercules; andTmolus, of Omphale. Naturally, Nemea; Elissos, a river inNemea; Iraklion, former name of Nemea; Lycurgus, kind of Nemea; and Cleoane, near where the Nemean Games tookplace,Nemea also figures in the myth of the Seven AgainstThebes (Aeschylus 467BC), concerning the battle betweenan Argive army led by Polynices and the army of Thebes. Itis related to the myth of Oedipus and Jocasta, and a goodsource of future names for Leo and Leo Minor. It was writ-ten as a play, and reportedly won the first prize at the CityDyonisia, a large religious festival in ancient Athens in honorof Bacchus. The association with Leo is simple yet sufficient:the Seven pass by Nemea on their way to Thebes. The oc-curence was not exactly uneventful. It even resulted in afatality, as described below in Leo Minor. Leo minor, a lion cub accompanying Leo, has no myth ofits own, being completely correlated with Leo. I suggest thename Archemoros for the planet recently discovered aroundHD 87883. Archemoros was a infant prince of Nemea whodied strangled by a snake while his nanny Hypsipyle was offto fetch water to the Seven. Lepus, the hare, is the favorite prey of Orion and is con-stantly being hunted by him in the sky. I suggest that theplanet around HD 33283 could go by the name of Epimelius.It is one of the many titles of Mercury, Hermes Epimelius,meaning keeper of flocks. Even though the hare is a nota flock animal, Epimelius can be thought to highlight Mer-cury’s animal welfare attributes in general. Being so rou-tinely hunted by Orion, poor Lepus may be in need of somedivine protection. Libra, the weighting scale, can most obviously be associ-ated with Themis, the Titanian who personificates Justice.I therefore propose to name the planets around Gliese 581 af-ter her and the Horae, her daughters with Jupiter. These areEirene, Dike, and Eunomia, as mentioned in an example inthe introduction. Themis and Jupiter also fathered Astraea,the star-maiden, yet another personification of Justice. Ina variant of the interpretation of the constellations, she isVirgo, and Libra the scales she carries. I do like to includeher in Libra, but Virgo may be associated with a multitudeof other goddesses of more relevance. The presence of theHorae also allows for an association with a different set ofHorae, the Hours, allegories for the hours of the day. Hesper,already mentioned in Indus (Sect. 3.44), is one of them, rep-resenting Evening. We may as well pick Dysis, the Sunset. Lupus, the wolf, may represent Lycaon, the werewolf, al-ready mentioned in Ara. It was named Therion by Hip-parchus (meaning beast). Its two known planets may there-fore be named Lycaon and Therion, and further names beused from the myth of Lycaon or other generic beasts of12ythology. From Norse mythology, Fenris can be used, af-ter the wolf that eats Odin in the Ragnarok. Lynx is one of Hevelius’ constellations. Although not namedafter a mythological figure, we can nevertheless draw an as-sociation with Lyncus, the king of Scythia, who was trans-formed into a lynx by Ceres.When Demeter was looking for Persephone, having takenthe form of an old woman called Doso, she received a hos-pitable welcome from Celeus, king of Eleusis. He asked her tonurse Demophon and Triptolemus, his sons by Metanira. Asa gift to Celeus, because of his hospitality, Demeter plannedto make Demophon immortal by burning away his mortalspirit in the family hearth every night. She was unable tocomplete the ritual because Metanira walked in on her onenight. Instead, Demeter chose to teach Triptolemus the artof agriculture and, from him, the rest of Greece learned toplant and reap crops.Lyncus, however, did not want to learn the arts, and triedinstead to kill Triptolemus. As a punishment, Ceres turnedLyncus into a lynx. Lyra, the lyre, appears in many legends, since it is the mainmusical instrument of the Antiquity. According to the myth,the lyre was invented by Mercury, not long after his birth.The young god stole the cattle of Apollo, and sacrificed one.Making strings out of the stretched entrails of the animaland the arms from the horns, he fashioned the first lyre.Apollo went furious when he noticed the robbery, and wentto Mount Cyllene with the intent to punish the trickster.However, Mercury played the lyre, and Apollo got marveledby the sweet sound of the instrument. He forgave Mercuryin trade for the lyre, that became one of his main attributes.Indeed, Apollo’s importance as patron of music, poetry, andarts predates his later association with Helios as sun-god.As for mortals, the lyre figures most prominently in themyth of Orpheus. By some considered son of Apollo, Or-pheus was taught the instrument by the Muses, and playedit to perfection. Jason had him on board of the Argo onadvice of Chiron, who said that he would be needed if theArgonauts were ever to pass the Sirens. The Sirens were seamonsters that, disguised as nymphs, played so sweet musicthat the seafarers were enchanted and lured to their deaths.When the Argo did pass by them, Orpheus drew his lyre.His music was more beautiful than that of the Sirens; so sub-lime that the bewitching chords went unnoticed by the Arg-onauts. Orpheus’ most known myth, however, is his descentinto Hades in the failed attempt to bring back his belovedEurydice.The association with Apollo is tempting. However, weare running out of names, and Lyra already has Mercury,Orpheus, and the Sirens as sound sources. Furthermore,Apollo has loose associations with many other constellations,some of which have him as only well-developed myth whereto draw names from, as in the case of Delphinus. I therefore propose to name the planets in Lyra after Hermes, Mercury’sGreek name; naturally Orpheus and Eurydice; and Siren. Asthe lyre is an instrument, other names could be Alipes, thewinged sandals of Mercury, and Petasus, Mercury’s wingedhat. Mensa, the table, is one of Lacaille’s constellations, namedafter Table Mountain near Cape Town, in South Africa,where he spent time observing the southern sky.This brings an immediate association with Adamastor, theGigante brother of Enceladus who guards the Cape of Stormsin the Lusiad. Adamastor appears as a stormy cloud, sinksthe ships that try to round the cape, and dissipates intotears, which are the salty waters of the confluence of theAtlantic and the Indian Oceans. Also known as the Spirit ofthe Cape, his name is a near-anagram of Cape of Storms inPortuguese, Cabo das Tormentas , with suppression of letters.The constellation of Mensa and its association with CapeTown seems a good place for Adamastor, who represents thedangers sailors faced when trying to round the cape. May henow also represent that the stormy challenges of discoveryof exoplanets were also turned into good hope. Microscopium is one of Lacaille’s constellations, with nomythological association. However, Lalande later tried torename it to Globus Aerostaticus (hot air balloon). As such,it immediately refers to Daedalus, who attempted flight inorder to escape the labyrinth he himself erected. Daedalusis also an inventor, so the association with one of the con-stellations of Lacaille is natural.However, we may reserve Daedalus for a double system,so that the other planet could be called Icarus. The one inComa Berenice seemed a good choice, since Ariadne is asso-ciated with the myth of the Minotaur. Instead, the doublesystem of CoRot-7 seems better for physical reasons, sinceCoRot-7 b is the planet with smallest semi-major axis knownto date. The planet is also rocky (Queloz et al. 2009), butthe temperature on the substellar point is so high (1800-2600 K, L´eger et al. 2009) that its surface is probably moltenon the day side. The name of the boy who flew too close tothe Sun while wearing meltable wax wings is a suitable namefor such a planet. Due to this, I prefer to abandon ComaBerenice and Microscopium (or the Balloon, for that mat-ter), in favor of loosely associating Daedalus and Icarus withMonoceros.Planets around Microscopium-Balloon may therefore benamed after winged characters of Greek mythology. Alter-natively, Perdix (or Talos), Daedalus nephew, may as wellfigure. He was pushed by Daedalus from a tower, but Min-erva saved him by transforming him into the bird of samename. This notorious bird does not build nests on trees.Mindful of falls, it avoids high places. It may represent suc-cessful, yet careful, flight, as opposed to the failed and fatalflights of Daedalus and Icarus.13 .55 Monoceros Monoceros, the unicorn, is one of Plancius’ constellations.Unicorns do not appear in Roman-Greek mythology, but intreaties of natural history of the ancient Greeks. Ctesias ofCnidos (5th century BC) appears to be the first to mentionthem.A loose association with mythology may be drawn fromthe myth of the Cornucopia, the horn of plenty. Cornucopiais the broken horn of Amalthea, the goat that nourished theinfant Jupiter, as mentioned in Capricornus (Sect. 3.16). Asa single-horned goat, Amalthea can be said to be the Greekversion of the Unicorn. Although in this case, the magichorn is the missing one.In Metamorphosis, Ovid has Achelous narrate to Theseushis fight with Hercules for the possession of Dejanira. Hetransformed himself into a bull to fight the semi-god, butHercules tore off one of his horns. He trade it with thehero for the horn of Amalthea, which Hercules later gave tothe Naiads, the nymphs of fountains and springs. They, inturn, transformed the horn into Cornucopia. It was a magichorn overflowing with fruits and grains. Because of this, itis associated with several agricultural deities, such as Gaia,Cybele, Ceres, and Pluto; as well as with the several rivergods and nymphs, as fertilizers of the land.The fact that Achelous narrates the story to Theseus re-minds us of the Minotaur, and hence a loose association withthe labyrinth, Daedalus, and Icarus. These can be the namesof the planets around CoRoT-7, as explained in Sect. 3.54.For the other planets in Monoceros, I therefore suggestthe names Cornucopia; Achelous; Adamanthea, other nameof Amalthea; and Cybele, Jupiter’s mother Rhea by anothername; and Dejanira, who prompted the fight between Her-cules and Achelous. Also included is Dexamenus, Dejanira’sfather in a version of her myth. Amalthea also lends its nameto Capella, diminutive of Capra in Latin, meaning “little fe-male goat”. The name Capra may be used here. To finishthe naming, Caria, after the region where Cnidos is located,may figure as well, after the association with Ctesias. Musca, the fly, is one of Plancius’ constellations. Althoughhe created it as Apis , the bee, Lacaille renamed it MuscaAustralis, in symmetry with then existing northern constel-lation of Musca Borealis, north of Aries. Although a modernconstellation, we can draw some mythological association. Agadfly appears twice in Greek mythology. Jealous Juno senta gadfly to torment Io, then turned into a cow. The otherepisode is when Bellerophon tried to reach the Olympus rid-ing on Pegasus. Jupiter used the same dirty trick, now withalmost fatal consequences. Bellerophon lost his grip, fell andwas saved of certain death by Minerva.Yet, the former name Apus serves for a better association,since bees play a more prominent role than gadflies in an-cient culture. The bee was used as an emblem of Potnia,and priestesses of Diana and Minerva were referred as bees(Melissa). Melissa is also the name of the nymph who discov-ered honey, and helped Amalthea nourish the infant Jupiter.In a later version of the myth, she was given a father, Melis- seus, or “honey-man”. In Delphi, the priestesses were alsocalled Delphic-bee, according to Pindar. The connexion withDelphi allows for a interesting association. Melaina, one ofthe Naiads, is associated with the springs of Delphi, andloved by Apollo. Melissa is too common a female name for aplanet, but Melaina, although not sharing the same etymol-ogy, is phonetically similar, as thus fit for the name of HD111232 b. Norma is one of Lacaille’s constellations, and as such, hasno mythological association. It represents a right angle, arule, or a carpenter’s square. Its association being relatedto design, architecture and sciences in general, Minerva isthe closest association. I suggest one of the three planets inNorma be named after Metis, Titanian also associated withwisdom, and mother of Minerva, albeit in a most unusualbirth.The other planets could be named Aegis, after the shield ofMinerva, made by Vulcan himself; Pallas, or Pallax, after oneof her most widespread titles, Pallas Athena; and Labrys,after the double axe that Vulcan used to open Jupiter’s skulland give birth to Minerva. Octans is named after the octant, a navigation instrument.Its significance is that it is where the celestial south pole islocated. Two planets are known in Octans, that I proposebe named Auster and Notus, two names for the South Wind. Ophiuchus or Serpentarius, the snake-holder, represents As-clepius, son of Apollo and the mythological founder ofmedicine and healing. Its five planets could be called himand his kin. Vediovis (after his Roman name), Yaso, Epioneand Meditrina, daughters, and Aratus, his son. Orion the Hunter figures prominently in the sky, but notmuch in Greek mythology, in the sense that his myth is not aswell developed as, say, Orpheus, Perseus, or Theseus. At thetime of the Illiad and the Odyssey, he is already dead, andHomer and Hesiod already mention him as a constellation.In the Odyssey, Ulysses sees him in the underworld, spendingthe eternity hunting animals. He is mentioned in a few linesin the oldest works of Greek mythology, but no great workdeveloped the myth to the point of creating a standard.In one of the most accepted versions of the myth, he is agiant son of Neptune, extremely handsome, and an excellenthunter. His favorite prey, as mentioned before, is the hare,Lepus. Orion falls in love with Merope (not the pleiad),seduces her, and is blinded by her father, Oenopion. AnOracle told him that his sight could be restored if he trav-elled to the east and exposed his eyes to the rising sun. Hemade it to Lemnos, where Vulcan provided him with a guide,14edalion. Guided by Cedalion, he met his goal and had hissight restored by the sun-god Helios, and Eos, the Dawn.The tale of his death is the most variant point of the myth.In one version, he bragged that he could kill any beast. TheEarth, horrified, then sent a giant scorpion, Scorpius, tosting and kill him. In a variant, he befriended Diana, goingon many hunters with the mighty goddess, much to Apollo’sdislike. One day, Apollo saw him swimming, and dared Di-ana on arrow shooting using the distant rock as a target.The rock was actually Orion’s head, and so Diana acciden-tally killed him. Many other variants exist, and as my intentis not to re-tell the myths (especially one with so many vari-ants), but to draw names for planets, I will allow myself tonarrate just one more. This variant combines both storiesby having Scorpio chasing Orion, who swims aways just tobe shot by Diana. The position of the constellations in thesky, diametrically opposite, perpetuates the chase.Four planets have been found around stars of Orion. Ipropose Cedalion, Eos, and Sidde. The latter is an earlierlove affair of Orion. To establish a connection with othermythologies, I also use Gilgamesh, the hero after which theSumerians named the constellation. Pavo, the peacock, is one of Plancius’ constellations. Somemythological association can be drawn since the peacock isthe bird associated with Juno, and one of the main symbolsof the mighty queen of the gods. In the myth, she took thehundred eyes of dead Argus and placed it on the peacock’stail.I suggest the planets in Pavo be named after Juno. How-ever, since Juno is already the name of one of the biggest as-teroids, her Greek name, Hera, is more suitable. Cithaeron,the mountain where she married Jupiter; Argolia, the placeof her adoration; Cydippe, a priestess of Hera; and Vesta,her sister, goddess of the hearth, should complete the nam-ing of the four planets discovered in Pavo. Vesta also goesby her Greek name, Hestia, because she also already namesa major asteroid. Pegasus, the winged horse, and his brother Chrysaor bothsprang from the blood of the severed head of Medusa as itfecunded the Earth (or in some variants, the ocean). Thehorse was tamed by Bellerophon, or in a variant, by Min-erva, who later gave the horse to Bellerophon. Pegasusaided Bellerophon in his fight against the Amazons and theChimera, a monster sibling of Cerberus and the Hydra.There are 11 planets so far discovered in Pegasus, includ-ing the very first, 51 Pegasus b. This planet was actually al-ready nicknamed Bellerophon, after the obvious connection.In another obvious connection, I propose the name Chrysaor.Other names may be Anteia, who desired Bellerophon; Io-bates, her father; and Philonoe, her sister. These may namethe triple system of HR 8799. Chimera is also an obviouschoice. The fight with the Amazons also inspires the in-clusion of Penthesilea and her sister Hypolita, even though the former is more associated with the Trojan War, and thelatter with Hercules’ labors.The presence of Minerva in the myth allows for yet anotherinteresting addition. The other two planets then can bedrawn from her myth. Parthenos, one of her many titles,and Nike, the goddess of victory, who follows Minerva. Perseus, one of the great heroes of the Greek, has an exten-sively developed myth where to draw suitable names from.I suggest to name the five planets known to date in Perseusafter Danae, his mother; Eurymedon, his title (Perseus Eu-rymedon, according to Appollonius’ Argonautica); Seriphos,the island where Danae and infant Perseus were ashore, andKibisis, the pouch where Perseus’ held the severed head ofMedusa. As I do not envision a stiff naming system wherethe Perseids are only in the constellation of Andromeda,I suggest here one of the planets be named Nicippe, afterSthenelus’ wife. Phoenix is one of Plancius’ constellations, named after themythological fire-bird. The mythology, however, is notGreek but Phoenician. Closely associated with the cultof their sun-gods, Pheonicians and Egyptians knew thePhoenix as the Bennu, a bird identified with a stork or aheron. The ancient Greeks associated it their own word forphoenix, which means crimson. They and the Romans sub-sequently pictured the bird more like a peacock or an eagle.According to the Greeks, the phoenix lived in Phoenicia nextto a well. At dawn, it bathed in the water of the well, wherethe sun-god Helios stopped his chariot in order to listen toits song.We may name the planets in Phoenix after the horses thatpulled the chariot of Helios. They have different namesaccording to the sources. For Homer, two of them arenamed Abraxas and Therbeeo. For Eumelus they are Eous,Aethiops, Bronte or Tonitrua, and Sterope or Fulgitrua.Ovid calls them Pyrius, Eous, Aethon, and Phlegon. Pictor, representing a painter’s easel, is one of Lacaille’s con-stellations. Being art-related, Apollo is the possible mytho-logical association.Being related to painting, the portraits made in the Re-naissance also come to mind. I pick one painting in particu-lar, representing a famous episode concerning Apollo, that ofthe duel of Marsyas. Marsyas was a flutist who challengedApollo to a musical duel. Apollo naturally won and, as apunishment, hung Marsyas on a tree and skinned him alive.Among the judges was Midas, the only one who voted forMarsyas. As a punishment for his clearly non-musical ear,Apollo changed his ears into donkey’s ears.Midas is also a most interesting character. He oncehosted the satyr Silenus, who was also Bacchus’ foster fa-ther. Grateful, Bacchus promises to give Midas whatever hewanted. His famous wish was that everything he touched be15urned into gold. At first excited by his new gift, he offereda feast. He soon realized how unwise his wish was as wineand food turned into solid hard gold as he touched them;his family and servants also going the same fate as he heldthem in despair. Begging Bacchus to take the cursed giftaway, he was told to wash himself in the river Pactolus. Af-terwards, Midas lost his lust for richness and lived a pastorallife, worshipping Pan.Planets in Pictor may therefore be called Marsyas, Midas,Silenus, and Pactolus. Also Sardis, after where the duelof Apollo and Marsyas took place; and Asellus, meaningdonkey, after Midas’ punishment for the unwise judgement.Lityerses, Midas’ son, completes the naming.Midas is a suitable name for the planet of beta Pictoris,that is still on the make inside its protoplanetary disk. AsMidas, planets in this phase of their evolution have evolvedtheir own version of Midas’ touch. In their feeding frenzy,they grow so massive that their gravity carves a deep gapcentered in its feeding zone, thus halting further growth. According to an ancient Syrian legend, Pisces representVenus and her son Cupid (Eros). Greek legend recountsthat they leapt into the Euprathes in order to escape fromTyphon, transforming themselves into fishes to swim awayfrom the danger. This association allows for the use of whatis perhaps the most beautiful myth of Greek mythology, thatof Eros and Psyche. For the 6 planets found in Pisces, Itherefore propose the names Porus and Penia (poverty andnecessity), parents of Eros according to one variant of themyth; naturally, Eros and Psyche for the double systemof HD 217107; Hedone, after Eros’ and Psyche’s son; andZephyrus, the West wind, who carried Psyche to Eros’ cave. Piscis Austrinus, the southern fish, is seen in the sky drink-ing water from Aquarius’ jar. Since Aquarius representsGanymede, I find a good choice that Piscis Austrinus beassociated with Troy. It is only natural that Ganymede,from Olympus, should keep watching over and providingto his home city, where his parents still grieve his absence.The planet of Fomalhaut b therefore could be named Illion,whereas the other one, HD 216770b, Troad. Further planetsfound there could be named Dardania, and Teucria, for theother names of Troy. Puppis, the poop deck, with Carina and Velorum, constitutethe Argo Navis. Of the 9 planets found in Puppis, three cir-cle the star HD 69830. It is the only triple system in theArgo, and I cannot resist the temptation of calling them af-ter the Fates. Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, who decidethe fate of men. It is a good point to introduce names fromthe Lusiads in the Argo, since Jupiter agreed to their voyagebecause the Fates had so decided. For a sailing epic, Navis isbut a natural place. Lusus, the mythical founder of Lusita-nia, and Tagide, after the Tagides, nymphs of the Tagus, can be used for two planets. Back to the argonauts, I randomlypick Lynceus, Iolaus, and Mopsus. Medea, the tragic loverof Jason, completes the planet naming in the constellation. Pyxis, the mariner’s compass, is one of Lacaille’s constel-lations. Being magnetic in nature, I tend to associate theconstellation with the region of Magnesia. Magnes, descen-dant of Deucalion, and first king of Magnesia is one of thenames of choice. Of his descendants, Dictys and Hymenaiosmay serve as well. Reticulum, like Telescopium, is in some ways an exampleof meta-naming, in the sense that it is associated with as-tronomy itself. It refers to the reticle, the piece in front ofthe telescope cross-haired in a + shape, that renders starsin photographs their distinct “spikes”.Being astronomy-related, Urania, the heavenly Muse ofAstronomy, would be the natural choice. The choice may beconsidered bad, since we already have Uranus as a planetin our own solar system. Nevertheless, I stick to thischoice. Having Uranus and Urania featuring in the sky isas confusing as having Rome and Rumania, Turkey andTurkomenistan, Niger and Nigeria, i.e., they are simply twonames with the same radical, Ouranos, the Greek work forsky. Providing Uranus with a similarly sounding drone isalso a good opportunity to alleviate the cacophonia of itsname in English.Other muses may integrate the constellation. The eightother muses, Calliope (epic poetry), Clio (history), Euterpe(lyric poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Polyhymnia (choralpoetry), Terpsichore (dance), and Thalia (comedy), have in-teresting associations on their own, and I use some of thenames in Ursa Major. The myth of the Muses evolvedin time, so that prior to the nine usually recognized asnine muses, there were others. Pausanias lists three, Aoide(songs), Melete (practice), and Mneme (memory), daugh-ters of Uranus and Plusia. Mneme also resonates withMnemosyne, the Titanian that personifies memory. Themyth of the Titans would of course be a good source ofnames, but they are almost all already used to name themoons of Saturn. I already use at least one of them, Saturnhimself, albeit with his Greek name, to name the only planetfound in Horologium.I therefore pick the names of Melete, Mneme, and Plusia.Other names may draw from the Titans, Uranus, and Apollo.The latter due to his association with the Muses. Sagitta, the arrow, represents the arrow that Hercules usedto kill Ethon, the eagle that tortured Prometheus. In an-other variant it is the arrow of Cupid, or the arrow withwhich Apollo killed a cyclops, or yet an arrow that Chiron(Sagittarius) shoots at Scorpion.16n any case, Sagitta should be a homage to famous archersof the Greek myths. There is only one planet so far discov-ered in Sagitta. I propose to name it Paris since he, with anarrow, succeeded where Hector failed with a sword. Sagittarius, the archer, is usually associated with Chiron, thefirst among the Centaurs. Even though Chiron is already aminor body of the solar system, naming one of the planetsin Sagittarius after him is almost unavoidable. In the mostaccepted version of the myth, he is born of the union betweenIxion and the cloud goddess Nephele, yet an older version hashim being the fruit of Cronus and Philyra, the nymph whotaught humanity how to make paper. Chiron’s haunts wereon Mount Pelion; there he married the nymph Chariclo whobore him three daughters, Melanippe (or Arne), Endeis, andOkyrhoe, and one son, Carystus.Chiron’s figures prominently in mythology as being thementor of many heroes, such as Asclepius, Ajax, Aeneas,Theseus, Achilles, Jason, and Hercules. I pick Ajax,Caeneus, Actaeon, Telamon, Patroclus, Aeneas, and Achillesamong Chiron’s disciples for planets in Sagittarius. Scorpius, the scorpion, represents the giant scorpion thatkilled (or according to a variant, chases) Orion. There is atleast one more connection in mythology where the scorpionappears, and that has to do with Helios, the sun god, andhis son, Phaeteon, the shining-one. Helios once promisedPhaeteon anything that he wanted, to which the boy askedto drive the sun chariot for one day. Helios reluctantly con-sented, which proved a disaster. Phaeteon was not able tomaneuver, and flew too close to the Earth, burning half ofAfrica and turning it into a desert. In one version, Jupiterfulminated him with a lightning before he could do moredamage. In another version, he flew too close to Scorpius,already a constellation, and was stung and killed by him.The planets in Scorpion may then be named after thismyth and that of Helios. I propose Phaeteon and Cly-mene, his mother. Clymene was also mother of the Heli-ades, Phaeteon sisters, who wept copiously after his death.They are Aegiale, Aetheria, Helia, and Dioxippe. Leucothoaand Euryphaessa are other love interests of Helios. One ofhis grandchildren, Ialysos, may also figure. Phaeteon, whoflies or too close or too far, is a suitable name for an eccen-tric planet. One of the Heliades was also known as Merope.Merope is also a star of the Pleiades, and I purposevely sug-gest to include her name among the exoplanets, for the samereason Atlas was used in Sect. 3.9.In Scorpius, there also figures a planet around a pulsar,PSR B1620-26 b. As explained in Sect. 2, I propose to namethese after the damned ones in the Tartarus. That partic-ular planet was actually already nicknamed “Methuselah”,due to its antiquity. We may as well name it after one of thefirst creatures thrown into the Tartarus, the Hecatonchires,who were later released by Jupiter, and helped the Olympicsin the war against the Titans. However, the name “Heca-tonchir” sounds unpleasant (still better than Methuselah). I propose to call it Erebus. As Erebus is also a primordialdeity of the Greek creation myth, it suits for the name ofthe ancient planet. Sculptor is one of Lacaille’s constellations. Lacaille envi-sioned it as Apparatus Sculptoris, the sculptor’s studio. Thename was later shortened.The way of reverting Lacaille’s tradition is obvious. Theplanets in Scultor may be named after several sculptors inthe Greek myths. The most notable of which is Prometheus,the sculptor per excellence, who sculpted mankind from clayand gave them life. I prefer to avoid it though, since in thecurrent age we still have people believing in this creationmyth, albeit in its Semitic version. Besides, Prometheusalready figures in Aquila.Another notable mythical sculptor is Pygmalion, who fellin love with his own sculpture (in Ovid’s metamorphosis).He prays to Venus, who concedes life to the statue. Of theirunion springs a son and a daughter, Paphos and Metharme. Scutum, the shield, contains no known planet-hosting starsas of Oct 2009. Serpens, the snake, is the reptile being held by Ophiuchus,the snake holder. In mythology, it can associated with manymonsters, most notably Python and Typhon. With Echdina,Typhon fathered the well-known Cerberus and the lesser-known Orthrus, a two-headed dog slain by Hercules in histenth labor. Typhon is said by Homer to dwell in a cavewith the she-dragon Drakaina, or Delphyne. I propose thedouble system around HD 168443 be named Typhon andDelphyne. Other planes can be named Python, Orthrus,Askalaphos (after Asklepius), and Arima, the mythical placewhere Jupiter slain Typhon, also the place where most ofthese monsters were confined.Also worth noting is that Python was slain by Apollo, soSerpens is yet another constellation that can be associatedwith him. Through Cerberus, Pluto’s myth can also be usedfor further discovered there. Sextans is one of Hevelius’ constellations, named after theastronomical sextant. As an instrument and thus fruit ofhuman intelligence can be associated with Minerva. For itsastronomical relevance, with Apollo. Yet I draw from its usein navigation, to associate it with navigations myth such asthe Odyssey, the Argonauts or the Lusiad. The more naturalwould be the Lusiad, since the sextant was invented in theMiddle Ages. However, I prefer to keep the associationsloose, and draw names from the Odyssey for the four planetsknown in Sextans. Calypso and Circe, two of the manyreasons that so delayed Ulysses’ return to Ithaca; Telegonusand Nausinous, kin of Ulysses and Circe.17 .78 Taurus Taurus, the bull, is usually associated with the myth of theabduction of Europa. The princess of Phoenicia was rap-tured by Jupiter, in the shape of a bull. Another associationis with the bull of Crete, the seventh of Hercules’ labors.The association with Europa leads immediately to her mostfamous brother, Cadmus, who Herotodus credits as bring-ing the Phoenician alphabet to Greece, and hence to Europe(Cilix and Phoenix were her other brothers). Cadmus is alsothe mythical founder of Thebes, and has a rich myth whereto drawn names from. Cadmus is also the consort is Con-cordia (Harmonia), the goddess of harmony. A suggestionfrom Moore, and I concur, is that a double system should benamed after Corcordia and Pax, peace, her sister, as bothoften go together. However, Moore chose for that the sys-tem of Gliese 876, in Aquarius. I find Taurus a more properplace, given the association with Cadmus. The three aresuitable names for the planets around HD 37124. Cadmusallows for yet another interesting association. Semele, themortal mother of Bacchus, is his and Corcordia’s daughter.The association with an Olympic is a welcoming addition.Semele, Cilix, Cadmus, Pax and Corcordia are my choicesfor the known planets in Taurus. Telescopium contains no known planet-hosting stars as ofOct 2009. Triangulum is a constellation with no mythological associa-tion. It is was listed by Ptomely because its brightest starsseem to form a small isosceles triangle.Representing geometry, it may be associated with Min-erva, due to hers being patron of mathematics. Also,Pythagoras’ reputation was so vast and his life so involvedin secrecy (because of the Pythagorean brotherhood), thathe was thought to be “born to Zeus-beloved Apollo”, sentby the gods to benefit humankind, and so described by oneof his ancient biographers, Iamblichus. Also, the triangle isa percussion instrument, and thus also related to Apollo.Another possibility are the Dactyls, who worked in theforge of Vulcan and are said to have taught metalwork-ing, mathematics, and the alphabet to humans. In a ver-sion of the myth, they go by the name of Acmon (anvil),Damnameneus (hammer), and Celmis (casting), which I usefor Triangulum and Triangulum Australe. See Triangulum (Sect. 3.80). Tucana, representing the toucan, a bird of South America,is one of Plancius’ constellations and has no mythologicalassociation. As an animal, it may be linked with Mercuryor Diana. Taking Mercury, I propose for the two planets in Tucana the names Cylenne, after the mount where Mercurywas born; and Nysa, the mount where Mercury took theinfant Bacchus to be raised by nymphs. Ursa Major, the great bear, represents Callisto, as mentionedin Bootes. I draw loosely on the myth, since a good part ofit is reserved to Bootis. Callisto is a nymph of Diana, andthrough her Ursa Major gets an Olympic association. Plan-ets in Ursa Major therefore can be named after Artemis,Diana’s Greek name; Leto, the mortal mother of Apollo andDiana; Adonis, since Diana is usually implicated in his death;Atalanta, the huntress, Diana’s proteg´e and the only womanamong the Argonauts; Calydon, after the hunt for the Ca-lydonian Boar; and Niobe, the tragic queen of Thebes andmother of fourteen kids, who looked down on Lato’s lowerfertility rate, just to have all her kin wiped out by an angeredpair of deities. An ancient example on the old quantity vs.quality debate.I deliberately cut short the name-drawing from Diana’smyth. My purpose is to include some from Apollo, to furtherstress that the naming convention I intend to convey is flex-ible, based on loose, even far-fetched associations. The pur-pose is to maximize name sources from classic antiquity toa particular constellation. Even though Apollo was alreadysummoned to several constellations, he is Diana’s brother.From his quality as patron of arts, I use the names of Cal-liope, Clio and Euterpe, three of the muses, for further planetnames in Ursa Major.And, last but not least, Ursa Major represents in the northwhat Crux is for the southern hemisphere: an easily recog-nizable asterism that points to the pole. Skiron and Kaikias,northwest and northeast wind, complete the naming of plan-ets in Ursa Major. Ursa Minor, the little bear, containing the north pole, mir-rors the Octans in the southern hemisphere, although withmuch more abundance of bright stars. It may represent Ar-cas - although Bootis may as weel -, a dog, or the gardenof the Hesperides, the stars being golden apples, or the Hes-perides themselves. In any case, the connection with Northis the most obvious. Two planets have been found in UrsaMinor (though one of them is doubtful). I propose the namesBoreas, after the north wind, and Hiperborea - the mythicalcountry where the sun shone 24 hours a day. Being asso-ciated with north, both Ursa Minor and Ursa Major mayeventually use names from the Valkyries of Norse mythol-ogy, female riders send by Odin to decide who would die inbattles. It was imagined that light reflecting on their armorscaused the Northern lights. Vela, along with Carina and Puppis, constitute the ArgoNavis. I randomly choose the following argonauts: Argus,Peleus, Echion, Idmon, and Palaemon.18 .86 Virgo Virgo, the maiden, can be associated with any prominentgoddess. Juno, Minerva, Diana, Ceres or Proserpina, haveall been connected to the constellation. The association withProserpina is the one I find most interesting. Her return fromthe Underworld to the company of her mother marks the be-ginning of spring. Similarly, Virgo is the spring constellationin the northern hemisphere. I choose her myth to name theplanets in Virgo.The double system of HD 102272 could be named afterCeres and Proserpina, albeit with their Greek names Deme-ter and Persephone, to celebrate the long awaited reunion ofmother and daughter. 70 Virginis b, nicknamed Goldilocks,may better go by the name of Cora, Persephone’s name priorto the abduction. Names for other planets could be Nycteusand Alastor, two of the four horses Pluto used to abductPersephone; Eleusis, where the abduction took place, ac-cording to the Greek myth, or Enna according to the Ro-man; Hecate, goddess of darkness, who followed Persephoneinto Hades (in another variant, one of Demeter’s guises as atrinity goddess, Persephone herself being the other); Rodi,Greek for pomegranate; and Narcissus. The later becausethe flower named after the handsome lad is what distractedPersephone and her companions, thus facilitating the ab-duction. His presence also allows for yet another myth to beused in the naming, from which I pick the nymph Liriope,his mother; the river-god Cephisus, his father; and Ameinias,who in an earlier variant of the myth was the rejected loverof Narcissus (Echo is already used in Sect. 3.16).From Ceres’ myth, I suggest the names Erinys (anger), oneof her titles; and Callichoron, the well where she copiouslywept for the abduction of Persephone.The planets around the pulsar PSR 1257+12, as men-tioned in Sect. 2, should receive names of the damned in theTartarus. I propose to name them after Sisyphus, Ixion, andTantalus. As the Underworld is the realm of Persephone,these three poor souls are in the right place in the sky. Volans, the flying fish, is one of Plancius’ constellations.I draw again on the myth of Neptune, and for the planetaround HD 76700 I pick a Nereid, Nesaea. She was one ofthe Nereids who gathered round Thetis in her sympatheticgrief for Achilles’ loss of Patroclus. Vulpecula, the fox, is one of Hevelius’ constellations. Al-though Hevelius did not create it for any mythological asso-ciation, we can therefore find one fox in Greek mythology.That is the Teumessian fox, a gigantic animal of the kin ofEchidna. The Teumessian fox had the particular propertythat it could never be caught. It was chased by Laelaps,the dog that caught anything. The contradiction that wasset caught the attention of Jupiter, who elevated both tothe skies, which is why in some myths it represents Lepus,the prey of Orion. We may as well conclude that it simplyunderscores the philosopher’s taste for paradoxes. In this manuscript I suggest names for the 403 extrasolarplanet candidates known as of October 2009. The sugges-tion is based on the classical tradition of giving names fromRoman-Greek mythology to astronomical bodies. The asso-ciation with the myths is in many cases purposively loose,to enable more flexibility on naming further planets as theyare discovered. As said in Sect. 2.2, the system does notexclude other mythologies, which may be used if a suitableassociation with the constellation can be established.The system also has some power of prediction. We cansay for instance, that the next planet discovered in Eridanuscould be called Minos, after one of the three judges of Hades.Indeed, in a former version of this manuscript I had sug-gested that the next three planets could be called Minos,Eachus, and Radhamantus. Then, on Sep 17, the Encyclo-pedia of Extrasolar Planets was updated. One of the newplanets was in Eridanus, and I promptly added it to Ta-ble 1 as Radhamantus. In the update of Oct 9, anotherplanet in Eridanus was announced. I added it to Table 1as Eachus. Along the course of writing this manuscript, Icould already experience another small benefit of having theplanets named. Scrolling the long table up and down, it wasmuch easier to remember “Typhon” than “HD 168443 c”I further stress that the system proposed here does notintend to supplant the one in vogue. It is not a change,but an addition. Stars are known by many names. Meropeis also known as 23 Tau, HD 23480, HIC 17608, HR 1156,2MASS J03461958+2356541, and V971 Tau, to name a few.The current naming scheme of assigning minor letters to thenames of stars will of course be kept for scientific publica-tions, much in the same way that we use HD 135742 insteadof Zubenelschamali and NGC 4755 instead of Jewel Box.The proper name is a bonus aimed at popular writings.One drawback I can think of is that it may lead the pub-lic to assume that the constellations are somehow physical.In some way, the misconception already exists. I recall thisanecdote, for which I unfortunately cannot find the refer-ence, that a piece of popular scientific writing once defined aconstellation as “a group of stars. Up to date, astronomershave found only 88”. On the other hand, we can invertthe argument and see it as a golden opportunity to fight thismisconception. Along with the names and their associations,it has to be pointed that the constellations are human in-vention and just a useful way of mapping the sky. Namingthe planets after the myth of the constellations is no moremisleading than using stellar names such as 14 Herculi, 70Virginis or Upsilon Andromedae.It should also be pointed that this manuscript was sent tothe IAU Commission 53 on exoplanets, whose majority stillopposes the idea of adding names to planets. The strongestconcern of the commission had to do with the definitionof an exoplanet. The Encyclopedia of Extrasolar Planets,complete as it is, lists candidate planets, and some of themare not confirmed. Therefore, some of the candidates as-signed names here may as well be just low luminosity stars,brown dwarfs, a stellar spot or, as noted by a member of19he commission, even a mote of dust in the spectrograph. Inthat case, the name should be withdrawn and re-assigned toother, confirmed, planet. Acknowledgments. I thank the reading and comments ofJ. Alves, S. Boscardin, A. Johansen, M.-M. Mac Low, A.Moitinho, N. Piskunov, H. Rocha-Pinto, S. Soter, and P.Tsalmantza, that helped me on identifying the main pointsof critique. Interestingly, Portuguese speakers expressedconcern regarding the use of the Lusiad. Westerns wereconcerned with the supposed Eurocentrism of mainly usingRoman-Greek myths. It is great to see that we are livingin multicultural times and that instead of trying to inflatenational prides and highlighting boundaries, we are actu-ally trying to distance ourselves from them. I also thank M.Schmitz for organizing an unorthodox peer review amongthe IAU Comission 53 and playing the role of editor. References [1] Aeschylus 467 BC, Seven Against Thebes [2] Alighieri, D. 1321 Divine Comedy [3] Apollonius ca 250 BC, Argonautica [4] Barlow, J. 1807 , The Columbiad [5] Bayer, J. 1603, Uranometria [6] Bulfinch, T. 1855, The Age of Fable, or Stories of Godsand Heroes [7] Cam˜oes, L. 1572, Os Lus´ıadas [8] Cervantes, 1605, Don Quixote [9] Cervantes, 1615, –[10] Dixon-Kennedy, M. 1998, Encyclopedia of Greco-Roman Mythology , ABC-CLIO[11] Dreyer, J. L. E. 1912. The Scientific Papers of SirWilliam Herschel . Royal Society and Royal AstronomicalSociety.[12] Gingerish, O. 1958, ASPL,8, 9. The Naming of Uranusand Neptune [13] Hesiod ca 700 BC, Theogony [14] Hevelius, J. 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum [15] Homer ca 800 BCa, Iliad [16] Homer ca 800 BCb, Odyssey [17] Kollestrom, N. 2009, JAHH, 12, 66. The naming of Nep-tune [18] Janczak J., Fukui A., Dong S., et al., 2009, ApJ, sub-mitted, arXiv:0908.0529[19] Lacaille, N., 1763, Coelum Australe Stelliferum [20] L´eger, A., Rouan, D., Schneider J., et al. 2009, A&A,accepted. arXiv0908.0241[21] L¨onnrot E. 1849, The Kalevala [22] Mayor, M. & Queloz, D. 1995, Nature, 378 355[23] Ovid 8 AD, Metamorphoses [24] Poincar´e, H. 1905. La valeur de la science . Paris: Flam-marion[25] Ptolomey 148, Almagest [26] Queloz, D., Bouchy, F., Moutou, C., et al. 2009, A&Apress release[27] Vickers, A.M., “Joel Barlow” in Encyclopedia of Amer-ican Poetry: The Nineteenth Century . Ed. Eric Haralson.Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998.[28] Virgil 19 BC, Aeneid [29] Zr´ınyi, M. 1651, Siege of Sziget Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU) Andromeda 14 And b 4.8 0.83 0.0 23 31 17 +39 14 10 Persesups And b 0.69 0.059 0.029 01 36 48 +41 24 38 Heleusups And c 1.98 0.83 0.254 01 36 48 +41 24 38 Mestorups And d 3.95 2.51 0.242 01 36 48 +41 24 38 CynurusHAT-P-6 b 1.057 0.05235 0.0 23 39 06 +42 27 58 SthenelusWASP-1 b 0.89 0.0382 0.0 00 20 40 +31 59 24 AlkaiosAntlia HD 93083 b 0.37 0.477 0.14 10 44 20 -33 34 37 PalamedesApus HD 131664 b 18.15 3.17 0.638 15 00 06 -73 32 07 VirbiusAquarius Gliese 876 b 1.935 0.20783 0.0249 22 53 13 -14 15 13 DardanusGliese 876 c 0.56 0.13 0.27 22 53 13 -14 15 13 TrosGliese 876 d 0.018 0.0208067 0.0 22 53 13 -14 15 13 IlusHD 210277 b 1.23 1.1 0.472 22 09 29 -07 32 32 ThemisteHD 222582 b 5.11 1.35 0.76 23 41 51 -05 59 08 AssaracusGj 849 b 0.82 2.35 0.06 22 09 40 -04 38 27 CapysHD 219449 b 2.9 0.3 – 23 15 53 -09 05 15 AigestaWASP-6 b 0.503 0.0421 0.054 – – TeucrusAquila CoRoT-3 b 21.66 0.057 0.0 19 28 13 00 07 19 CratosHD 179079 b 0.08 0.11 0.115 19 11 10 -02 38 18 EpimetheusHD 183263 b 3.69 1.52 0.38 19 28 24 +08 21 28 ElpisHD 183263 c 3.82 4.25 0.253 19 28 24 +08 21 28 PithosHD 192263 b 0.72 0.15 0.0 20 13 59 -00 52 00 PrometheusHD 192699 b 2.5 1.16 0.149 20 16 06 +04 34 5 Hesioneksi Aql b 2.8 0.68 0.0 19 54 15 +08 27 41 EthonVB 10 b 6.4 0.36 0.98 19 16 58 +05 09 02 ElbrusCoRoT-6 b 3.3 – – – – ZelusAra HD 154672 b 5.02 0.6 0.61 17 10 05 -56 26 57 PelasgusHD 154857 b 1.8 1.2 0.47 17 11 15 -56 40 50 PhassusHD 160691 b 1.676 1.5 0.128 17 44 08 -51 50 02 NyctimusHD 160691 c 0.03321 0.09094 0.172 17 44 08 -51 50 02 PeucetisHD 160691 d 0.5219 0.921 0.0666 17 44 08 -51 50 02 CauconHD 160691 e 1.814 5.235 0.0985 17 44 08 -51 50 02 CynaethusGJ 674 b 0.037 0.039 0.2 17 28 40 -46 53 43 StymphalusHD 156411 b 0.75 – – 11 35 27 -32 32 24 MelaeneusGJ 676A b 4 – – 11 52 53 -50 17 34 EumonAries HD 12661 b 2.3 0.83 0.35 02 04 34 +25 24 51 AeetesHD 12661 c 1.57 2.56 0.2 02 04 34 +25 24 51 ChalciopeHD 20367 b 1.07 1.25 0.23 03 17 40 +31 07 37 ColchisHIP 14810 b 3.88 0.0692 0.1427 03 11 14 +21 05 50 ChrysomallosHIP 14810 d 0.57 1.89 0.173 03 11 14 +21 05 50 HelleHIP 14810 c 1.28 0.545 0.164 03 11 14 +21 05 50 PhrixusAuriga HAT-P-9 b 0.78 0.053 0.0 07 20 40 +37 08 26 EutheniaHD 40979 b 3.32 0.811 0.23 06 04 29 +44 15 37 AglaiaHD 43691 b 2.49 0.24 0.14 06 19 35 +41 05 32 LyciaHD 45350 b 1.79 1.92 0.778 06 28 45 +38 57 46 EurynomeHD 49674 b 0.115 0.058 0.23 06 51 30 +40 52 03 LemnosWASP-12 b 1.41 0.0229 0.049 06 30 33 +29 40 20 VulcanBootes HAT-P-4 b 0.68 0.0446 0.0 15 19 58 +36 13 47 PramnosHD 128311 b 2.18 1.099 0.25 14 36 00 +09 44 47 BacchusHD 128311 c 3.21 1.76 0.17 14 36 00 +09 44 47 AithraHD 132406 b 5.61 1.98 0.34 14 56 55 +53 22 56 Atlastau Boo b 3.9 0.046 0.018 13 47 17 +17 27 22 ArcasWASP-14 b 7.725 0.037 0.095 14 33 06 +21 53 41 ArcadiaCamelopardalis HD 104985 b 6.3 0.78 0.03 12 05 15 +76 54 20 TriklariaHD 33564 b 9.1 1.1 0.34 05 22 33 +79 13 52 EphesiaContinued on next page21able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) XO-3 b 11.79 0.0454 0.26 04 21 53 +57 49 01 EgeriaHD 32518 b 3.04 0.59 0.01 05 09 37 +69 38 22 OpaliaCancri 55 Cnc f 0.144 0.781 0.2 08 52 37 +28 20 02 Stygne55 Cnc b 0.824 0.115 0.014 08 52 37 +28 20 02 Anthelea55 Cnc c 0.169 0.24 0.086 08 52 37 +28 20 02 Teleia55 Cnc d 3.835 5.77 0.025 08 52 37 +28 20 02 Argive55 Cnc e 0.034 0.038 0.07 08 52 37 +28 20 02 EuippeHD 73534 b 1.15 3.15 0.046 08 39 16 +12 57 37 PireneCanes Venatici HAT-P-12 b 0.211 0.0384 0.0 13 57 34 43 29 37 AsterionCanis Major HD 47536 b 5 – 0.2 06 37 47 -32 20 23 LeucomelaenaHD 45364 b 0.1872 0.6813 0.1684 06 25 38 -31 28 51 MaeraHD 45364 c 0.6579 0.8972 0.0974 06 25 38 -31 28 51 DromisHD 47186 b 0.07167 0.05 0.038 06 36 09 -27 37 20 CissetaHD 47186 c 0.35061 2.395 0.249 06 36 09 -27 37 20 LampurisHD 47536 c 7 – – 06 37 47 -32 20 23 LycoctonusHD 43197 b 0.6 – – 00 55 11 -47 24 21 ArctophonusCapricornus HD 202206 b 17.4 0.83 0.435 21 14 57 -20 47 21 SyrinxHD 202206 c 2.44 2.55 0.267 21 14 57 -20 47 21 EchoHD 204313 b 4.05 3.082 0.131 21 28 12 -21 43 35 DryopeCarina HD 65216 b 1.21 1.37 0.41 07 53 4 -63 38 50 JasonOGLE-TR-111 b 0.53 0.047 0.0 10 53 1 -61 24 20 LaocoonOGLE-TR-113 b 1.32 0.0229 0.0 10 52 24 -61 26 48 IphitosOGLE-TR-132 b 1.14 0.0306 0.0 10 50 34 -61 57 25 AutolycusOGLE2-TR-L9 b 4.5 – – 11 07 55 -61 08 46 ErginusOGLE-TR-182 b 1.01 0.051 0.0 11 09 19 -61 05 43 EuryalusOGLE-TR-211 b 1.03 0.051 0.0 10 40 15 -62 27 20 HylasHD 63765 b 0.69 – – 17 18 59 -34 59 48 AcastusCassiopeia HD 240210 b 6.9 1.33 0.15 23 10 29 +57 01 46 EulimeneHD 7924 b 0.029 0.057 0.17 – – OrithyaHD 17156 b 3.212 0.1623 0.6753 02 49 44 +71 45 12 ThetisCentaurus HD 101930 b 0.3 0.302 0.11 11 43 30 -58 00 24 NepheleHD 102117 b 0.172 0.1532 0.106 11 44 50 -58 42 13 EurytionHD 114386 b 0.99 1.62 0.28 13 10 39 -35 03 17 PholusHD 114729 b 0.82 2.08 0.31 13 12 44 -31 52 24 NessusHD 117207 b 2.06 3.78 0.16 13 29 21 -35 34 15 RhoecusHD 117618 b 0.19 0.28 0.39 13 32 25 -47 16 16 HylaeusHD 121504 b 0.89 0.32 0.13 13 57 17 -56 02 24 AsbolusHD 109749 b 0.28 0.0635 0.01 12 37 16 -40 48 43 AmycusHD 103197 b 0.1 – – 14 21 23 -40 23 38 HylonomeHD 125595 b 0.045 – – 01 06 02 -22 27 11 CyllarusCepheus gamma Cephei b 1.6 2.044 0.115 23 39 20 +77 37 56 DannausCetus 81 Cet b 5.3 2.5 0.206 02 37 42 -03 23 46 SthenoBD-17 63 b 5.1 1.34 0.54 00 28 34 -16 13 35 ThoosaHD 11506 c 0.82 0.639 0.42 01 52 51 -19 30 25 CharybdisHD 11964 b 0.11 0.229 0.15 01 57 09 -10 14 32 ScyllaHD 16141 b 0.23 0.35 0.21 02 35 19 -03 33 38 OdysseusHD 19994 b 2 1.3 0.2 03 12 46 -01 11 45 TelemachusHD 224693 b 0.71 0.233 0.05 23 59 54 -22 25 41 EuryaleHD 2638 b 0.48 0.044 0.0 00 29 59 -05 45 50 PhorcysHD 11506 b 3.44 2.43 0.22 01 52 51 -19 30 25 EchidnaHD 11964 c 0.7 3.167 0.3 01 57 09 -10 14 32 DeinoHD 5319 b 1.94 1.75 0.12 00 55 01 +00 47 22 PolyphemusHD 6718 b 1.65 – – 01 33 17 -38 14 42 CallidiceHIP 5158 b 1.3 – – 14 20 54 -17 28 53 PolypoitesChamaeleon HD 63454 b 0.38 0.036 0.0 07 39 21 -78 16 44 NaiadContinued on next page22able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) CT Cha b 17 440 – 11 04 09 -76 27 19 NereusColumba HD 43848 b 25 3.4 0.69 06 16 31 -40 31 55 PeristeraComa Berenices HD 108874 b 1.36 1.051 0.07 12 30 26 +22 52 47 AriadneHD 108874 c 1.018 2.68 0.25 12 30 26 +22 52 47 TheseusHD 114762 b 11.02 0.3 0.34 13 12 19 +17 31 01 NaxosCorona Borealis kappa CrB b 1.8 2.7 0.19 15 51 14 +35 39 27 Euanthesrho CrB b 1.04 0.22 0.04 16 01 03 +33 18 51 StaphylusXO-1 b 0.9 0.0488 0.0 16 02 12 +28 10 11 LatramysCorvus HD 104067 b 0.16 – – 01 07 49 -08 14 01 CoronisCrater BD-10 3166 b 0.48 0.046 0.07 10 58 28 -10 46 13 AlexiaresHD 96167 b 0.68 1.3 0.71 11 05 15 -10 17 29 AniketosCrux NGC 4349 No 127 b 19.8 2.38 0.19 12 24 08 -61 52 18 LivasHD 108147 b 0.4 0.104 0.498 12 25 46 -64 01 19 ApeliotesCygnus HAT-P-7 b 1.8 0.0379 0.0 19 28 59 +47 58 10 LedaHD 185269 b 0.94 0.077 0.3 19 37 12 +28 30 00 EurypylusHD 187123 b 0.52 0.042 0.03 19 46 57 +34 25 15 TimandraHD 190360 b 1.502 3.92 0.36 20 03 37 +29 53 48 EurythemisHD 190360 c 0.057 0.128 0.01 20 03 37 +29 53 48 Thestius16 Cyg B b 1.68 1.68 0.689 19 41 51 +50 31 03 AlthaeaHAT-P-11 b 0.081 0.053 0.198 19 50 50 +48 04 51 IphiclesHD 187123 c 1.99 4.89 0.252 19 46 57 +34 25 15 EchemusDelphinus 18 Del b 10.3 2.6 0.08 20 58 26 +10 50 21 DelphiHD 195019 b 3.7 0.1388 0.014 20 28 17 +18 46 12 ApolloHD 196885 b 2.58 2.37 0.462 20 39 51 +11 14 58 MelikertesWASP-2 b 0.914 0.03138 0.0 20 30 54 +06 25 46 PortunesDorado HD 30177 b 9.17 3.86 0.3 04 41 54 -58 01 14 TyroHD 28254 b 1.16 – – 05 23 22 -02 16 39 EnipeusDraco 42 Dra b 3.88 1.19 0.38 18 25 59 +65 33 49 LadonHD 139357 b 9.76 2.36 0.1 15 35 16 +53 55 20 AegleHD 167042 b 1.6 1.3 0.03 18 10 32 +54 17 12 EryteisHIP 75458 b 8.82 1.275 0.7124 15 24 55 +58 57 57 LiparaTrES-2 1.199 0.03556 0.0 19 07 14 +49 18 59 ChrysothemisEridanus eps Eridani b 1.55 3.39 0.702 03 32 55 -09 27 29 StyxGl 86 b 4.01 0.11 0.046 02 10 14 -50 50 00 AqueronHD 10647 b 0.91 2.1 0.18 01 42 29 -53 44 27 CocytusHD 28185 b 5.7 1.03 0.07 04 26 26 -10 33 02 PhlegethonHD 30562 b 1.29 2.3 0.76 04 48 36 -05 40 27 RadhamantusHIP 12961 b 0.47 – – 09 50 02 -49 47 25 EachusFornax HD 16417 b 0.069 0.14 0.2 02 36 59 -34 34 41 EtnaHD 20782 b 1.9 1.381 0.97 03 20 03 -28 51 14 LipariHD 20868 b 1.99 0.947 0.75 03 20 43 -33 43 48 MilosGemini HD 50554 b 4.9 2.38 0.42 06 54 42 +24 14 44 RomulusHD 62509 b 2.9 1.69 0.02 07 45 18 +28 01 34 RemusHD 59686 b 5.25 0.911 0.0 07 31 48 +17 05 09 LupaGrus HD 208487 b 0.45 0.49 0.32 21 57 19 -37 45 49 MegarusHD 213240 b 4.5 2.03 0.45 22 31 00 -49 25 59 DeucalionHD 216435 b 1.49 2.7 0.34 22 53 37 -48 35 53 PyrrhaGJ 832 b 0.64 3.4 0.12 21 33 34 -49 00 32 GeraniaHercules 14 Her b 4.64 2.77 0.369 16 10 23 +43 49 18 CerenytisHAT-P-2 b 9.09 0.06878 0.5171 16 20 36 +41 02 53 ErymanthusHD 149026 b 0.359 0.04313 0.0 16 30 29 +38 20 50 AugeanHD 154345 b 0.947 4.19 0.044 17 02 36 +47 04 55 AlpheusHD 155358 b 0.89 0.628 0.112 17 09 35 +33 21 21 PeneusHD 155358 c 0.504 1.224 0.176 17 09 35 +33 21 21 StymphaliaHD 164922 b 0.36 2.11 0.05 18 02 30 +26 18 46 DiomedesContinued on next page23able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) TrES-3 1.92 0.0226 0.0 17 52 07 +37 32 46 GeryonTrES-4 0.919 0.05091 0.0 17 53 13 37 12 42 CerberusHorologium HR 810 b 1.94 0.91 0.24 02 42 31 -50 48 12 CronusHydra 2M1207 b 4 46 – 12 07 33 -39 32 54 LernaHD 122430 b 3.71 1.02 0.68 14 02 22 -27 25 47 AdianteHD 70573 b 6.1 1.76 0.4 08 22 50 +01 51 34 AmphitriteHD 72659 b 2.96 4.16 0.2 08 34 03 -01 34 05 GalateaHD 74156 b 1.88 0.294 0.64 08 42 25 +04 34 41 AmymoneHD 74156 c 8.03 3.85 0.43 08 42 25 +04 34 41 ThaleiaHD 74156 d 0.396 1.01 0.25 08 42 25 +04 34 41 PasitheaHD 82943 b 1.75 1.19 0.219 09 34 50 -12 07 46 NausithoeHD 82943 c 2.01 0.746 0.359 09 34 50 -12 07 46 MenippeWASP-15 b 0.542 0.0499 0.0 13 55 43 -32 09 35 AsiaHD 86264 b 7 2.86 0.7 09 56 58 -15 53 42 HyperippeGJ 433 b 0.019 – – 06 13 36 -29 53 50 SpioHD 90156 b 0.055 – – 22 46 37 -56 35 58 IaniraHydrus GJ 3021 b 3.32 0.49 0.505 00 16 12 -79 51 04 DelosHD 11977 b 6.54 1.93 0.4 01 54 56 -67 38 50 OrtygiaIndus HD 216437 b 2.1 2.7 0.34 22 54 39 -70 04 25 HesperLacerta HAT-P-1 b 0.524 0.0553 0.067 22 57 47 +38 40 30 AbasLeo BD20 2457 b 21.42 1.45 0.15 10 16 45 +19 53 29 OmphaleBD20 2457 c 12.47 2.01 0.18 10 16 45 +19 53 29 LamusGJ 436 b 0.072 0.02872 0.15 11 42 11 +26 42 23 NemeaHD 100777 b 1.16 1.03 0.36 11 35 52 -04 45 21 ElissosHD 81040 b 6.86 1.94 0.526 09 23 47 +20 21 52 IraklionHD 88133 b 0.22 0.047 0.11 10 10 07 +18 11 12 PolynicesHD 89307 b 1.78 3.27 0.241 10 18 21 +12 37 15 LycurgusHD 99109 b 0.502 1.105 0.09 11 24 17 -01 31 44 CleonaeHD 99492 b 0.109 0.1232 0.254 11 26 46 +03 00 22 TmolusLeo Minor HD 87883 b 1.78 3.6 0.53 10 08 43 +34 14 32 ArchemorosLepus HD 33283 b 0.33 0.168 0.48 05 08 01 -26 47 50 EpimeliusLibra Gl 581 c 0.01686 0.07 0.17 15 19 26 -07 43 20 EireneGl 581 d 0.02231 0.22 0.38 15 19 26 -07 43 20 DikeGl 581 b 0.0492 0.041 0.0 15 19 26 -07 43 20 ThemisGl 581 e 0.006104 0.03 0.0 15 19 26 -07 43 20 EunomiaHD 134987 b 1.58 0.78 0.24 15 13 28 -25 18 33 AstraeaHD 141937 b 9.7 1.52 0.41 15 52 17 -18 26 09 DysisLupus Lupus-TR-3 b 0.81 0.0464 0.0 15 30 19 -42 58 46 LycaonGQ Lup b 21.5 103 – 15 49 12 -35 39 03 TherionHIP 70849 b ¿ 5 – – 14 20 54 FenrisLynx 6 Lyn b 2.4 2.2 0.134 06 30 47 +58 09 46 ScythiaXO-4 b 1.72 0.0555 0.0 07 21 33 +58 16 05 MetaniraXO-5 b 1.077 0.0487 0.0 07 46 52 +39 05 41 LyncusHD 75898 b 1.48 0.737 0.35 08 53 51 +33 03 25 CeleusWASP-13 b 0.46 0.0527 0.0 – – DosoXO-2 b 0.57 0.0369 0.0 07 48 07 +50 13 33 DemophonLyra HD 173416 b 2.7 1.16 0.21 18 43 36 +36 33 24 OrpheusHD 177830 b 1.28 1 0.43 19 05 20 +25 55 14 EurydiceHD 178911 B b 6.292 0.32 0.1243 19 09 03 +34 35 59 SirenTrES-1 0.61 0.0393 0.0 19 04 09 +36 37 57 HermesHAT-P-5 b 1.06 0.04075 0.0 18 17 37 +36 37 18 PetasusWASP-3 b 1.76 0.0317 0.0 18 34 32 +35 39 42 AlipesMensa HD 39091 b 10.35 3.29 0.62 05 37 09 -80 28 08 AdamastorMicroscopium WASP-7 b 0.96 0.0618 0.0 20 44 10 -39 13 31 TalosMonoceros HD 45652 b 0.47 0.23 0.38 06 29 13 +10 56 02 CapraContinued on next page24able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) HD 46375 b 0.249 0.041 0.04 06 33 12 +05 27 46 DejaniraHD 52265 b 1.13 0.49 0.29 07 00 18 -05 22 01 AdamantheaHD 66428 b 2.82 3.18 0.465 08 03 28 -01 09 45 CariaCoRoT-4 b 0.72 0.09 0.0 06 48 47 -00 40 22 CornucopiaCoRoT-7 b 0.0151 0.0172 0.0 06 43 49 -01 03 46 IcarusCoRoT-7 c 0.0264 0.046 0.0 06 43 49 -01 03 46 DaedalusCoRoT-1 b 1.03 0.0254 0.0 06 48 19 -03 06 08 AchelousCoRoT-5 b 0.467 0.04947 0.09 06 45 07 00 48 55 CybeleHD 44219 b 0.58 – – 01 23 37 -41 16 11 DexamenusMusca HD 111232 b 6.8 1.97 0.2 12 48 51 -68 25 30 MelainaNorma HD 142415 b 1.62 1.05 0.5 15 57 40 -60 12 00 MetisHD 143361 b 3.12 2 0.15 16 01 50 -44 26 04 AegisHD 330075 b 0.76 0.043 0.0 15 49 37 -49 57 48 PallasHD 148156 b 0.91 – – 02 46 43 -23 05 12 LabrysOctans HD 142022 A b 4.4 2.8 0.57 16 10 15 -84 13 53 AusterHD 212301 b 0.45 0.036 0.0 22 27 30 -77 43 04 NotusOphiuchus HD 148427 b 0.96 0.93 0.16 16 28 28 -13 23 59 VediovisHD 156846 b 10.45 0.99 0.8472 17 20 34 -19 20 01 YasoHD 170469 b 0.67 2.24 0.11 18 29 11 +11 41 44 EpioneHD 171028 b 1.83 1.29 0.61 18 32 15 +06 56 45 MeditrinaHD 149143 b 1.33 0.053 0.016 16 32 51 +02 05 05 AratusOrion HD 37605 b 2.3 0.25 0.677 05 40 01 +06 03 38 CedalionHD 38529 b 0.78 0.129 0.29 05 46 34 +01 10 05 EosHD 38529 c 12.7 3.68 0.36 05 46 34 +01 10 05 SiddeHD 290327 b 2.54 – – 20 11 31 -64 37 14 GilgameshPavo HD 181433 d 0.54 3 0.48 19 25 10 -66 28 08 CithaeronHD 196050 b 3 2.5 0.28 20 37 51 -60 38 04 HeraHD 181433 b 0.0238 0.08 0.396 19 25 10 -66 28 08 HestiaHD 181433 c 0.64 1.76 0.28 19 25 10 -66 28 08 ArgoliaHD 190984 b 3.1 – – 14 29 19 -46 27 50 CydippePegasus 51 Peg b 0.468 0.052 0.0 22 57 27 +20 46 07 BellerophonBD14 4559 b 1.47 0.777 0.29 21 13 36 +14 41 22 ChimeraHD 209458 b 0.685 0.04707 0.07 22 03 10 +18 53 04 MinervaHD 210702 b 2 1.17 0.152 22 11 51 +16 02 2 HypolitaHD 219828 b 0.066 0.052 0.0 23 18 47 +18 38 45 PenthesileaHR 8799 b 7 68 – 23 07 29 +21 08 03 PhilonoeHR 8799 c 10 38 – 23 07 29 +21 08 03 IobatesHR 8799 d 10 24 – 23 07 29 +21 08 03 AnteiaV391 Peg b 3.2 1.7 0.0 22 04 12 +26 25 08 ChrysaorHAT-P-8 b 1.52 0.0487 0.0 22 52 10 +35 26 50 NikeWASP-10 b 3.06 0.0371 0.057 23 15 58 +31 27 46 ParthenosPerseus HD 16175 b 4.4 2.1 0.59 02 37 02 +42 03 45 DanaeHD 16760 b 14.3 1.13 0.067 02 42 21 +38 37 07 NicippeHD 17092 b 4.6 1.29 0.166 02 46 22 +49 39 11 EurymedonHD 23596 b 7.19 2.72 0.314 03 48 00 +40 31 50 SeriphosWASP-11/HAT-P-10 b 0.46 0.0439 0.0 03 09 29 30 40 25 KibisisPhoenix HD 142 b 1 0.98 0.38 00 06 19 -49 04 30 PyriusHD 2039 b 4.85 2.19 0.68 00 24 20 -56 39 00 PhlegonHD 6434 b 0.48 0.15 0.3 01 04 40 -39 29 17 BronteWASP-18 b 10.3 0.02026 0.0092 01 37 25 -45 40 40 FulgitruaWASP-5 b 1.637 0.02729 0.0 23 57 24 -41 16 38 TonitruaWASP-4 b 1.1215 0.023 0.0 23 34 15 -42 03 41 AbraxasHD 5388 b 1.96 – – 19 22 53 -32 55 09 AethonHD 8535 b 0.63 – – 10 00 48 -09 31 00 TherbeeoPictor AB Pic b 13.5 275 – 06 19 12 -58 03 15 SilenusContinued on next page25able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) beta Pic b 8 8 – 05 47 17 -51 03 59 MidasHD 40307 b 0.0132 0.047 0.0 05 54 04 -60 01 24 AsellusHD 40307 c 0.0216 0.081 0.0 05 54 04 -60 01 24 MarsyasHD 40307 d 0.0288 0.134 0.0 05 54 04 -60 01 24 SardisHD 41004 A b 2.3 1.31 0.39 05 59 49 -48 14 22 PactolusHD 41004 B b 18.4 0.0177 0.081 05 59 50 -48 14 23 LityersesPisces HD 10697 b 6.12 2.13 0.11 01 44 55 +20 04 59 HedoneHD 217107 b 1.33 0.073 0.132 22 58 15 -02 23 42 ErosHD 217107 c 2.49 5.27 0.517 22 58 15 -02 23 42 PsycheHD 3651 b 0.2 0.284 0.63 00 39 21 +21 15 01 PorusHD 4203 b 1.65 1.09 0.46 00 44 41 +20 26 56 PeniaHD 8574 b 2.23 0.76 0.4 01 25 12 +28 34 00 ZephyrusPiscis Austrinus Fomalhaut b 3 115 0.11 22 57 39 -29 37 20 IllionHD 216770 b 0.65 0.46 0.37 22 55 53 -26 39 31 TroadPuppis HD 48265 b 1.16 1.51 0.18 06 40 02 -48 32 31 MedeaHD 50499 b 1.71 3.86 0.23 06 52 02 -33 54 56 LynceusHD 60532 b 3.15 0.77 0.278 07 34 03 -22 17 46 IolausHD 60532 c 7.46 1.58 0.038 07 34 03 -22 17 46 MopsusHD 69830 b 0.033 0.0785 0.1 08 18 23 -12 37 55 LachesisHD 69830 c 0.038 0.186 0.13 08 18 23 -12 37 55 AtroposHD 69830 d 0.058 0.63 0.07 08 18 23 -12 37 55 ClothoHD 70642 b 2 3.3 0.1 08 21 28 -39 42 19 LususNGC 2423 3 b 10.6 2.1 0.21 07 37 09 -13 54 24 TagidePyxis HD 73256 b 1.87 0.037 0.03 08 36 23 -30 02 15 MagnesHD 73267 b 3.06 2.198 0.256 08 36 18 -34 27 36 DictysGJ 317 b 1.2 0.95 0.193 08 40 59 -23 27 23 HymenaiosReticulum HD 23079 b 2.61 1.65 0.1 03 39 43 -52 54 57 UraniaHD 23127 b 1.5 2.4 0.44 03 39 24 -60 04 40 MeleteHD 27442 b 1.28 1.18 0.07 04 16 29 -59 18 07 MnemeHD 27894 b 0.62 0.122 0.049 04 20 47 -59 24 39 PlusiaSagitta HD 231701 b 1.78 0.556 0.1 19 32 04 +16 28 27 ParisSagittarius HD 169830 b 2.88 0.81 0.31 18 27 49 -29 49 00 ChironHD 169830 c 4.04 3.6 0.33 18 27 49 -29 49 00 PhilyraHD 179949 b 0.95 0.045 0.022 19 15 33 -24 10 45 NaupliusHD 187085 b 0.75 2.05 0.47 19 49 33 -37 46 50 PelionHD 190647 b 1.9 2.07 0.18 20 07 20 -35 32 19 CharicloMOA-2007-BLG-192-L b 0.01 0.62 – 18 08 04 -27 09 00 EndeisOGLE-06-109L b 0.71 2.3 – 17 52 35 -30 05 16 MelanippeOGLE-06-109L c 0.27 4.6 0.11 17 52 35 -30 05 16 OkyrhoeOGLE-TR-10 b 0.63 0.04162 0.0 17 51 28 -29 52 34 CarystosOGLE-TR-56 b 1.29 0.0225 0.0 17 56 35 -29 32 21 AjaxOGLE235-MOA53 b 2.6 5.1 – 18 05 16 -28 53 42 CaeneusSWEEPS-04 3.8 0.055 – 17 58 54 -29 11 21 ActaeonSWEEPS-11 9.7 0.03 – 17 59 03 -29 11 54 TelamonMOA-2007-BLG-400-L b 0.9 0.85 – 18 09 42 -29 13 27 AchillesOGLE-05-169L b 0.04 2.8 – 18 06 05 -30 43 57 ArneHD 171238 b 2.6 2.54 0.4 18 34 44 -28 04 20 PatroclusHD 181720 b 0.37 – – 10 23 55 -29 38 44 AeneasScorpius HD 145377 b 5.76 0.45 0.307 16 11 36 -27 04 41 AetheriaHD 147513 b 1 1.26 0.52 16 24 01 -39 11 34 ClymeneHD 153950 b 2.73 1.28 0.34 17 04 31 -43 18 35 AegialeHD 159868 b 1.7 2 0.69 17 38 60 -43 08 44 PhaeteonHD 162020 b 13.75 0.072 0.277 17 50 38 -40 19 06 HeliaOGLE-05-071L b 3.5 3.6 – 17 50 09 -34 40 23 DioxippeOGLE-05-390L b 0.017 2.1 – 17 54 19 -30 22 38 LeucothoaContinued on next page26able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) beta Pic b 8 8 – 05 47 17 -51 03 59 MidasHD 40307 b 0.0132 0.047 0.0 05 54 04 -60 01 24 AsellusHD 40307 c 0.0216 0.081 0.0 05 54 04 -60 01 24 MarsyasHD 40307 d 0.0288 0.134 0.0 05 54 04 -60 01 24 SardisHD 41004 A b 2.3 1.31 0.39 05 59 49 -48 14 22 PactolusHD 41004 B b 18.4 0.0177 0.081 05 59 50 -48 14 23 LityersesPisces HD 10697 b 6.12 2.13 0.11 01 44 55 +20 04 59 HedoneHD 217107 b 1.33 0.073 0.132 22 58 15 -02 23 42 ErosHD 217107 c 2.49 5.27 0.517 22 58 15 -02 23 42 PsycheHD 3651 b 0.2 0.284 0.63 00 39 21 +21 15 01 PorusHD 4203 b 1.65 1.09 0.46 00 44 41 +20 26 56 PeniaHD 8574 b 2.23 0.76 0.4 01 25 12 +28 34 00 ZephyrusPiscis Austrinus Fomalhaut b 3 115 0.11 22 57 39 -29 37 20 IllionHD 216770 b 0.65 0.46 0.37 22 55 53 -26 39 31 TroadPuppis HD 48265 b 1.16 1.51 0.18 06 40 02 -48 32 31 MedeaHD 50499 b 1.71 3.86 0.23 06 52 02 -33 54 56 LynceusHD 60532 b 3.15 0.77 0.278 07 34 03 -22 17 46 IolausHD 60532 c 7.46 1.58 0.038 07 34 03 -22 17 46 MopsusHD 69830 b 0.033 0.0785 0.1 08 18 23 -12 37 55 LachesisHD 69830 c 0.038 0.186 0.13 08 18 23 -12 37 55 AtroposHD 69830 d 0.058 0.63 0.07 08 18 23 -12 37 55 ClothoHD 70642 b 2 3.3 0.1 08 21 28 -39 42 19 LususNGC 2423 3 b 10.6 2.1 0.21 07 37 09 -13 54 24 TagidePyxis HD 73256 b 1.87 0.037 0.03 08 36 23 -30 02 15 MagnesHD 73267 b 3.06 2.198 0.256 08 36 18 -34 27 36 DictysGJ 317 b 1.2 0.95 0.193 08 40 59 -23 27 23 HymenaiosReticulum HD 23079 b 2.61 1.65 0.1 03 39 43 -52 54 57 UraniaHD 23127 b 1.5 2.4 0.44 03 39 24 -60 04 40 MeleteHD 27442 b 1.28 1.18 0.07 04 16 29 -59 18 07 MnemeHD 27894 b 0.62 0.122 0.049 04 20 47 -59 24 39 PlusiaSagitta HD 231701 b 1.78 0.556 0.1 19 32 04 +16 28 27 ParisSagittarius HD 169830 b 2.88 0.81 0.31 18 27 49 -29 49 00 ChironHD 169830 c 4.04 3.6 0.33 18 27 49 -29 49 00 PhilyraHD 179949 b 0.95 0.045 0.022 19 15 33 -24 10 45 NaupliusHD 187085 b 0.75 2.05 0.47 19 49 33 -37 46 50 PelionHD 190647 b 1.9 2.07 0.18 20 07 20 -35 32 19 CharicloMOA-2007-BLG-192-L b 0.01 0.62 – 18 08 04 -27 09 00 EndeisOGLE-06-109L b 0.71 2.3 – 17 52 35 -30 05 16 MelanippeOGLE-06-109L c 0.27 4.6 0.11 17 52 35 -30 05 16 OkyrhoeOGLE-TR-10 b 0.63 0.04162 0.0 17 51 28 -29 52 34 CarystosOGLE-TR-56 b 1.29 0.0225 0.0 17 56 35 -29 32 21 AjaxOGLE235-MOA53 b 2.6 5.1 – 18 05 16 -28 53 42 CaeneusSWEEPS-04 3.8 0.055 – 17 58 54 -29 11 21 ActaeonSWEEPS-11 9.7 0.03 – 17 59 03 -29 11 54 TelamonMOA-2007-BLG-400-L b 0.9 0.85 – 18 09 42 -29 13 27 AchillesOGLE-05-169L b 0.04 2.8 – 18 06 05 -30 43 57 ArneHD 171238 b 2.6 2.54 0.4 18 34 44 -28 04 20 PatroclusHD 181720 b 0.37 – – 10 23 55 -29 38 44 AeneasScorpius HD 145377 b 5.76 0.45 0.307 16 11 36 -27 04 41 AetheriaHD 147513 b 1 1.26 0.52 16 24 01 -39 11 34 ClymeneHD 153950 b 2.73 1.28 0.34 17 04 31 -43 18 35 AegialeHD 159868 b 1.7 2 0.69 17 38 60 -43 08 44 PhaeteonHD 162020 b 13.75 0.072 0.277 17 50 38 -40 19 06 HeliaOGLE-05-071L b 3.5 3.6 – 17 50 09 -34 40 23 DioxippeOGLE-05-390L b 0.017 2.1 – 17 54 19 -30 22 38 LeucothoaContinued on next page26able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU) PSR B1620-26 b 2.5 23 – 16 23 38 -26 31 53 ErebusMOA-2008-BLG-310-L b 0.23 1.25 – 17 54 14 -34 46 41 IalysosWASP-17 b 0.49 0.051 0.129 15 59 51 -28 03 42 EuryphaessaGJ 667C b 0.018 – – 07 47 50 -54 15 51 MeropeSculptor HD 4113 b 1.56 1.28 0.903 00 43 13 -37 58 57 PygmalionHD 4208 b 0.8 1.67 0.05 00 44 26 -26 30 56 MetharmeHD 9578 b 0.62 – – 22 46 37 -56 35 58 PaphosSerpens CoRoT-2 b 3.31 0.0281 0.0 19 27 07 +01 23 02 ArimaHD 136118 b 11.9 2.3 0.37 15 18 55 -01 35 32 PythonHD 168443 b 8.02 0.3 0.5286 18 20 04 -09 35 34 DelphyneHD 168443 c 18.1 2.91 0.2125 18 20 04 -09 35 34 TyphonHD 168746 b 0.23 0.065 0.081 18 21 49 -11 55 21 AskalaphosHD 175541 b 0.61 1.03 0.33 18 55 41 +04 15 55 OrthrusSextans HD 86081 b 1.5 0.039 0.008 09 56 06 -03 48 30 CalypsoHD 92788 b 3.86 0.97 0.27 10 42 48 -02 11 01 CirceBD-082823 b 0.045 – – 17 19 51 -48 32 58 TelegonusBD-082823 c 0.33 – – 17 30 11 -51 38 13 NausinousTaurus eps Tau b 7.6 1.93 0.151 04 28 37 +19 10 50 SemeleHD 37124 b 0.61 0.53 0.055 05 37 02 +20 43 50 CadmusHD 37124 c 0.683 3.19 0.2 05 37 02 +20 43 50 PaxHD 37124 d 0.6 1.64 0.14 05 37 02 +20 43 50 ConcordiaHD 285968 b 0.0265 0.066 0.0 04 42 56 +18 57 29 CilixTriangulum HD 13189 b 14 1.85 0.28 02 09 40 +32 18 59 AcmonTriangulum Australe HD 147018 b 2.12 0.2388 0.4686 16 23 00 -61 41 20 DamnameneusHD 147018 c 6.56 1.922 0.133 16 23 00 -61 41 20 CelmisTucana HD 221287 b 3.09 1.25 0.08 23 31 20 -58 12 35 CylleneHD 4308 b 0.0405 0.118 0.27 00 44 39 -65 38 58 NysaUrsa Major 4 Uma b 7.1 0.87 0.432 08 40 13 +64 19 41 Calliope47 Uma b 2.6 2.11 0.049 10 59 29 +40 25 46 Clio47 Uma c 0.46 3.39 0.22 10 59 29 +40 25 46 EuterpeHAT-P-13 b 0.851 0.0426 0.021 08 39 32 +47 21 07 SkironHAT-P-13 c 15.2 1.186 0.691 08 39 32 +47 21 07 KaikiasHAT-P-3 b 0.599 0.03894 0.0 13 44 23 +48 01 43 AtalantaHD 68988 b 1.9 0.071 0.14 08 18 22 +61 27 38 LetoHD 80606 b 3.94 0.449 0.93366 09 22 37 +50 36 13 NiobeHD 81688 b 2.7 0.81 0.0 09 28 40 +45 36 05 CalydonHD 89744 b 7.99 0.89 0.67 10 22 10 +41 13 46 ArtemisHD 118203 b 2.13 0.07 0.309 13 34 02 +53 43 42 AdonisUrsa Minor 11 UMi b 10.5 1.54 0.08 15 17 06 +71 49 26 HiperboreaHD 150706 b 1 0.82 0.38 16 31 17 +79 47 23 BoreasVela HD 73526 b 2.9 0.66 0.19 08 37 16 -41 19 08 ArgusHD 73526 c 2.5 1.05 0.14 08 37 16 -41 19 08 PeleusHD 75289 b 0.42 0.046 0.054 08 47 40 -41 44 12 PalaemonHD 83443 b 0.4 0.0406 0.008 09 37 11 -43 16 19 EchionHD 85390 b 0.14 – – 10 00 48 -09 31 00 IdmonVirgo 70 Vir b 7.44 0.48 0.4 13 28 26 +13 47 12 CoraHD 102195 b 0.45 0.049 0.0 11 45 42 +02 49 17 ErinysHD 102272 b 5.9 0.614 0.05 11 46 24 +14 07 26 DemeterHD 102272 c 2.6 1.57 0.68 11 46 24 +14 07 26 PersephoneHD 106252 b 6.81 2.61 0.54 12 13 29 +10 02 29 EleusisHD 107148 b 0.21 0.269 0.05 12 19 13 -03 19 11 EnnaHD 110014 b 11.09 2.14 0.462 12 39 14 -07 59 44 CallichoronHD 114783 b 0.99 1.2 0.1 13 12 43 -02 15 54 NycteusHD 130322 b 1.08 0.088 0.048 14 47 32 -00 16 53 AlastorHW Vir b 19.2 – – 12 44 20 -08 40 17 HecateContinued on next page27able 1 – continued from previous page Constellation Planet Mass SMA Ecc. RA Dec Name( M J ) (AU)) (AU)