Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative Analysis using Scientometric Approach
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Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and aPakistan Journal: A Comparative Analysis usingScientometric ApproachM. Sadik Batcha
Associate ProfessorDepartment of Library and Information ScienceAnnamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India – Muneer Ahmad
Ph.D Research ScholarDepartment of Library and Information ScienceAnnamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India – Scientometric analysis of 146 and 59 researcharticles published in Indian journal of InformationSources and Services (IJISS) and Pakistan Journal ofLibrary and Information Science has been carriedout. Seven Volumes of the IJISS containing 14 issuesand Seven volumes of PJLIS containing 8 issuesfrom 2011 – Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science
ISSN: 2277-2219 Vol. 6. No.4. 2017. pp.442-449
Scientometrics is a discipline which analysesscientific publications to explore the structure andgrowth of science. The bibliometric or Scientometricor informetric techniques used to analyze variousquantitative or qualitative aspects of publications. Itis a scientific field that studies the evolution ofscience through some quantitative measures ofscientific information, as the number of scientificarticles published in a given period of time, theircitation impact, etc. The history of science andtechnology, philosophy of science and sociology ofscientific knowledge are the related fields ofScientometrics. The term scientometrics is often usedwith the meaning as the bibliometrics, originated inRussia. The application of quantitative methods tothe history of science, scientometrics is the science ofmeasuring the science, which involves countingartefacts to the production & use of information andarriving conclusions from the counts. Bibliometrics /Scientometrics research includes studies related tothe scattering & growth of literature, authorproductivity, obsolescence of documents, distributionof scientific literature by country, by language, etc,which helps to monitor the growth & pattern ofresearch.(Pritchard, 1969) described theBibliometrics as the application of mathematics andstatistical methods to books and other media.Scientometric research is devoted to quantitativestudies of science and technology (Van Raan,1997) .Scientometrics applies the bibliometrictechniques to science and examines the developmentof the sciences. (Virgil, 1994) . Main areas ofScientometrics are individual scientific documents,authors, scientific institutions, academic journals andregional aspects of science (Stock & Sonja, 2006) In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyzethe contributions to Indian Journal InformationSources and Services (IJISS) and Pakistan Journal ofLibrary and Information Science (PJLIS) publishedduring the year 2011 – Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services(IJISS) and Pakistan Journal of Library andInformation Science (PJLIS) were selected as thesource journals for the present research study. Indian ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449
Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad Journal of Information Sources and Services (IJISS)is a popular journal of library and informationscience (LIS) in India. IJISS was started in 2010 ashalf yearly journal. With a gap of 8 years, fourteenissues were published up to 2017.Indian Journal ofInformation Sources and Services (IJISS) aMultidisciplinary Library and Information ScienceJournal is a refereed Journal and it publishes fromIndia. This Journal encompasses all branches ofLibrary and Information Sciences and its sub – disciplines like Library Management; InformationSystems & Services, Information Processing &Retrieval; Information Sources & Services;Community Information System, Scientometrics &Informetrics, IR Theory, Knowledge Organization;Information processing & retrieval, Classification,Preservation & Conservation, InformationManagement, Library classification, Informationsources, Systems and Services, ComputerApplication in Library; Digital Library; InformationSystems; Bibliographic Control, etc. Pakistan Journalof Library and Information Science (PJLIS) is apopular journal of library and information science(LIS) in Pakistan. PJLIS, which was known asPakistani Librarian till 1999, was started in 1995 asan annual journal by the Department of Library andInformation Science, University of the Punjab,Lahore. With a gap of six years, eight issues werepublished up to 2016. Initially it was bilingual, butsince volume 2006 it has been published in Englishlanguage only. (Warraich & Ahmad, 2011) Scientometric Citation studies have done earlier bydifferent authors on the different individual journalpublications and literature on specific subject areas.The following studies related to the objectives of thisstudy have been reviewed. (Srimurugan & Nattar,2009) analyzed the D-LIB magazine publishedduring 2000 – analyzedthe Journal of Food Science & Technology publishedduring 2000 – during 2004 – analyzed the publishing trends ofIndian Chemical Scientists during 1996 – to analyze theDigital Literacy awareness of users in which focussedon the importance of Scientometrics for maximal useof sources. Guan & Ma (2007) examined the China’s Semiconductor Literature and found mega authored papers records the higher value for Co-Authorship Index. Tabusum S (2010) analyzed theissues of Library Automation which have directlyimpacted on the scientometics studies which revealedthat maximum number of papers were used accordingto category. A bibliometric study has been carried outby Kalyane V L and Sen B K (1995) on the Journalof Oilseeds Research published during 1984 – which revealed that the keyword “Groundnut” tops the list with 53 records. Sanni S A and Zainab A N(2010) examined the contributions published inMedical Journal of Malaysia during 2004 – The following objectives of this study are formulatedfor the purpose of present study To map the year wise distribution of papers To examine the authorship pattern & authorproductivity To determine the degree of collaboration To assess the pattern of Co-Authorship To identify collaborative pattern To find the average length of papers To find the average keywords
The present study tries to find out the literaturegrowth, authorship and collaboration pattern, averagelength of articles and average keywords included inthe source journals. Seven Volumes of Indian Journalof Information Sources and Services (IJISS) andPakistan Journal of Library and Information Science(PJLIS), published between 2011 and 2017containing 14 and 8 issues have been taken intoconsideration to the present study. A datasheet wasprepared in MS-Excel to record the data and then thedata was entered manually into it from the journalitself. The details regarding number of papers, natureof author, keywords and length of papers arecollected to fulfill the objectives of the present study.The collected data was analyzed with the followingbibliometric indicators. Extent of Authorship Pattern (Single vs.Multiple) ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449
Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad Degree of Collaboration Co-Authorship Index The study includes open source journal inparticular Indian Journal of InformationSources and Services (IJISS) and PakistanJournal of Library and Information Science(PJLIS) among other journals. This study is limited to research paperspublished in Indian Journal of InformationSources and Services (IJISS) and PakistanJournal of Library and Information Science(PJLIS) between the periods 2011 and 2017only.
Table 1 shows the distribution of research articlespublished in IJISS and PJLIS during 2011 – Table 1:
Year Wise Distribution of Papers
Year Vol.No. No. of Issues Total Papers Percentage C.No. ofPapers % of Cum.totalIJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS
The table 2 presents the data according to rank. Asfor as IJISS is concerned it is observed from theTable 2,about 73% of papers were contributed bymulti authors. Out of 146 papers, the highest numbersof papers were published by double authors and itaccounts for 84 with 57.53% followed by singleauthored articles account for 39 with 26.71%.14.38% of articles were published by three authors.1.37 % of articles were published by four & above authors. But the trend of the author pattern in thejournal shows that the team size was two to three. ForPJLIS, about 69% of papers were contributed bymulti authors. Out of 59 papers, the highest numberof papers was published by double authors and itaccounts for 26 with 44.07% followed by singleauthored articles account for 18 with 30.51%.20.34% of articles were published by three authors.5.08 % of articles were published by four authors.But the trend of the author pattern in the journalshows that the team size was two to three.
Table 2 :
Authorship Pattern
Rank Authors No. of Papers % Cum no. of Papers Cum %
IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS1 Two 84 26 57.53 44.07 84 26 57.53 44.072 Single 39 18 26.71 30.51 123 44 84.25 74.583 Three 21 12 14.38 20.34 144 56 98.63 94.924 Four & Above 2 3 1.37 5.08 146 59 100 100
Total 146 59 100% 100% ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449
Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad The data pertaining to authorship pattern year wisehave been given in the Table No.3. Regarding singleauthored contributions, the years 2012 & 2011 havethe highest contributions with 12 and 8 each and 6 inyear 2015 and 4 in the year 2014 & 2017 and lowest2 in the year 2016. Regarding double authoredcontributions, the year 2014 has the highestcontributions with 17. The year 2011 has the highestcontributions regarding three authored contributionswith 6 and 2012. The year 2011 & 2014 has the highest contributions of four authored (more thanthree authors) with 1each. PJLIS data regardingsingle authored contributions, the years 2016 & 2012have the highest contributions with 10 and 4 each andthe zero in year 2015. Regarding double authoredcontributions, the year 2016 has the highestcontributions with 14. The year 2016 has the highestcontributions regarding three authored contributionswith 5 and 2015 with 2. The year 2015 has thehighest contributions of four authored (more thanthree authors)
Table 3: Authorship
Pattern - year wise
AuthorsYear 1 2 3 4 TotalIJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS
Total 39 18 84 26 21 12 2 3 146 597.4 Author Productivity
The data pertaining to author productivity haspresented in the Table 4. The table for IJISS showsthat the total average number of authors per paper is1.89 for the 146 articles. The years 2013 & 2017 hasthe relatively equal average number of authors perarticle when compared the total average number ofauthors per article. The average productivity perauthor is 0.53 during the year 2011 - 2017. The years2013 & 2017 has the relatively equal productivity perauthor when compared to the average productivity. The table for PJLIS shows that the total averagenumber of authors per paper is 1.98 for the 59articles. The years 2011 & 2012 has the relativelyequal average number of authors per article whencompared the total average number of authors perarticle. The average productivity per author is 0.50during the year 2011 - 2016. The years 2016 has therelatively equal productivity per author whencompared to the average productivity. Productivityhas been calculated with the following formula(Fuyuki, 2009) Average Authors per Paper = No. ofAuthors / No. of Papers .Productivity per Author =No. of Papers / No. of Authors
Table 4:
Author Productivity – year wise S.No. Year Total No. of Papers Total No. of Authors AAPP Productivityper Author
IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS1 2011 27 5 54 8 2 1.6 0.5 0.632 2012 29 6 47 9 1.62 1.5 0.62 0.673 2013 18 6 35 12 1.94 2 0.51 0.54 2014 25 6 51 13 2.04 2.17 0.49 0.465 2015 14 6 24 18 1.71 3 0.58 0.336 2016 14 30 28 57 2 1.9 0.5 0.537 2017 19 - 37 - 1.95 - 0.51 -Total 146 59 276 117 1.89 1.98 0.53 0.50 ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449
Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad In order to determine the strength of Collaboration(DC), the following formula suggested by(Subramanyam, 1993) has been employed.DC= N m /N m +N s , Where, DC = Degree ofCollaboration, Nm = Number of Multiple AuthoredPapers, Ns = Number of Single Authored PapersThe Degree of Collaboration of authors by year wiseis presented in the Table 5. The degree of collaboration for IJISS ranges from 0.74 to 0.93. Theaverage degree of collaboration is 0.73 during theperiod 2011 – – Table 5 : Degree of Collaboration – year wise S.No. Year N s N m N s + N m DC IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS1 2011 8 2 46 3 54 5 0.85 0.62 2012 12 4 35 2 47 6 0.74 0.333 2013 3 1 32 5 35 6 0.91 0.834 2014 4 1 47 5 51 6 0.92 0.835 2015 6 0 18 6 24 6 0.75 16 2016 2 10 26 20 28 30 0.93 0.677 2017 4 - 33 - 37 - 0.89 -Total 39 18 107 41 146 59 0.73 0.69
In order to assess the Pattern of Co-Authorship(CAI), the following formula suggested by (Garg andPadhi, 1999) has been employed.Where,Nij = Number of papers having authors in block iNio = Total output of block iNoj = Number of papers having j authors for allblocksNoo = Total number of papers for all authors and allblocks CAI = 100 implies that a country's co-authorshipeffort for a particular type of authorship correspondsto the world average, CAI > 100 reflects higher thanaverage co-authorship effort, and CAI < 100 lowerthan average co-authorship effort by that country fora given type of authorship pattern.For calculating the co-authorship index for authors,countries have been replaced by block. For this study,the authors have been classified into four blocks, vizSingle, Two, Three and more than three authors andthe results of Co-authorship index as per the formulahave been presented in the Table No.6(a) and 6(b). Table 6 (a ): Pattern of Co-Authorship (IJISS) - year wise
S.No. Year Single Author Two Authors Three Authors >Three Authors Total
No CAI No CAI No CAI No CAI1 2011 8 55 12 38 6 77 1 135 272 2012 12 95 14 51 3 44 0 0 293 2013 3 33 13 66 2 40 0 0 184 2014 4 29 17 57 3 41 1 143 265 2015 6 93 6 43 2 57 0 0 146 2016 2 26 2 12 2 49 0 0 67 2017 4 40 12 56 3 56 0 0 19
Total 39 84 21 2 146 ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449
Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad Table 6 (b):
Pattern of Co-Authorship (PJLIS) - year wise
S.No. Year Single Author Two Authors Three Authors >Three Authors Total
No CAI No CAI No CAI No CAI1 2011 2 131 3 136 0 0 0 0 52 2012 4 218 0 0 2 164 0 0 63 2013 1 55 4 151 1 82 0 0 64 2014 1 55 3 113 2 164 0 0 65 2015 0 0 2 76 2 164 2 656 66 2016 10 109 14 106 5 82 1 66 30
Total 18 26 12 3 59
As for as IJISS is concerned it is observed from theTable 6(a), the CAI for single authors is declinedfrom 55 in the year 2011 to 40 in the year 2017. Onthe other hand, the CAI for double authors isenhanced from 38 in the year 2011 to 56 in the year2017, which indicates the pattern of co authorship isincreasing among the contributions of the journal. Onthe other hand, there is a fluctuation trend of CAI formulti authored contributions. The similar type ofresult has been drawn by Jeyshankar R, et al in theCurrent Science. (Jeyshakar, 2009)
It is observedfrom the Table 6(b), the CAI for single authors isdeclined from 131 in the year 2011 to 109 in the year2016. In the same way, the CAI for double authors isalso declined from 136 in the year 2011 to 106 in theyear 2016, which indicates the pattern of co-authorship is decreasing among the contributions ofthe journal. On the other hand, there is a fluctuationtrend of CAI for multi authored contributions.
Table 7 shows that 146 papers published with a totalpage of 817 (average 5.60pages per article) during the year 2011 – – Table 7 – Distribution of Pages - year wise
S.No. Year No. OfArticles Total Pages AveragePages PerArticle Percentage Cum No. ofPages Cum %
IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS
Total 146 59 817 593 5.60 10.05
100 100
Table 8 reveals that for IJISS 581 keywords havebeen appended to 146 papers. It is observed that the average keyword of the paper varied from aminimum of 3.14 to a maximum of 4.53 during theyear 2011 – ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449 Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad keywords per paper with 3.14. The overall averagekeywords per article are 3.98. Table 8 reveals that268 keywords have been appended to 59 papers. Andit is observed that in PJLIS the average keyword ofthe paper varied from a minimum of 3 to a maximumof 5.33during the year 2011 – Table 8:
Average Keywords per Article – Year wise
S.No. Year No. of Articles TotalKeywords AverageKeywords perPaperIJISS PJLIS IJISS PJLIS IJISS
PJLIS - Total 146 59 581 268 3.98
Table 9(a) and 9(b) shows that out of 146 articles,138 (94.52%) articles published by Indian authorsfollowed by International authors with 6 articles(4.11%). Only 2 (1.37%)articles published by Indian Authors collaboratedwith international authors and for PJLIS out of 59articles, 94 (77.05%) articles published by Pakistaniauthors followed by International authors with 23articles (18.85%). Only 5 (4.10%)articles published by Pakistani Authors collaboratedwith international authors and similar type of studyhas been conducted by (Zainab A N, et al, 2009) . Itseems that there was poor collaboration of Indian andPakistani authors with Foreign Authors. It isobserved from the data that out of 14 issues of IJISS,8 issues having the contributions only by ForeignAuthors.And from the data of PJLIS it is observed that out of8 issues, 5 issues having the contributions only byForeign Authors. Table 9(a):
Distribution of Indian and ForeignContributions
Form Contributions %
Indian Authors 138 94.52Indian Authors withForeignCollaboration 2 1.37Foreign Authors 6 4.11
Total 146Table 9(b):
Distribution of Pakistani and ForeignContributions
Form Contributions %
Pakistani Authors 94 77.05Pakistani Authors withForeign Collaboration 5 4.10Foreign Authors 23 18.85
Total 1227.0 Findings and Conclusion
The study has revealed the findings which will beuseful to information managers and personsassociated with Indian Journal of InformationSources and Services (IJISS) and Pakistan Journal ofLibrary and Information Science.In IJISS themaximum number of papers published in the year2012 and minimum in the years 2015 & 2016.Thehighest number of research papers found in the studyby multiple authors during the study period. Thedegree of collaboration found was 0.73.It is foundthat the average value for CAI was around 40 duringthe study period and it reflects below than the worldaverage. It is an alarming state that effort should bemade on par with world average. The authorproductivity is 0.53 and the average number ofauthors per paper found in the present study is1.89.The average pages per paper observed in thestudy is 5.60 as the total numbers of pages are 817with 146 papers. The average keywords per paperobserved in the study are 3.98 as the total number ofkeywords are 581.The majority of the contributionsare by Indian Authors (94.52%).Papers by IndianAuthors with Foreign Collaboration are minimal(1.37% of articles).The findings have focused that the majority of papersby multi authors and Indian authors. There was poorinternational collaboration by Indian authors. Theaverage page is 5.60 and it is the ideal for researchpapers. The Degree of collaboration (using
Subramanyam’s formula) indicates that there exists ahigh degree of collaboration. The average Co-Authorship Index for all the authors reflects theworld average in the journal and improving trend of ournal of Advances in Library and Information Science, Vol.6, No 4.Oct-Dec. 2017, pp-442-449
Publication Trend in an Indian Journal and a Pakistan Journal: A Comparative … /M.Sadik Batcha & Muneer Ahmad co-authored papers. The study revealed that thejournal seems to be not popular among theinternational research community with around 4.11%of papers.As for as Pakistan Journal of Library and InformationScience is conserned the maximum number of paperspublished in 2016 and minimum in 2011.The highestnumber of research papers contributed by multipleauthors during the study period. The degree ofcollaboration was 0.69. It is found that the averagevalue for CAI was around 100 during the studyperiod and it reflects the world average. The authorproductivity is 0.50 and the average number ofauthors per paper is 1.98.The average pages per paperare 10.05. The average keywords per paper are 4.54.The majority of the contributions are by PakistaniAuthors (77.05%). Papers by Pakistani Authors withForeign Collaboration are minimal (4.10% ofarticles).The analysis explores that the majority ofpapers by multi authors and Pakistani authors. Therewas poor international collaboration by Pakistaniauthors. The average page is 10.05 and it is the idealfor research papers. The Degree of collaboration (using Subramanyam‘s formula) indicates that thereexists a high degree of collaboration. The averageCo-Authorship Index for all the authors reflects theworld average in the journal and improving trend ofco-authored papers. The study revealed that thejournal seems to be popular among the internationalresearch community with around 19% of papers. REFERENCES
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