Search for Heavy Stable Charged Particles in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV
EEUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
CERN-PH-EP/2010-0672011/01/11
CMS-EXO-10-011
Search for Heavy Stable Charged Particles in pp Collisionsat √ s = The CMS Collaboration ∗ Abstract
The result of a search at the LHC for heavy stable charged particles produced in ppcollisions at √ s = − . Momentum andionization-energy-loss measurements in the inner tracker detector are used to iden-tify tracks compatible with heavy slow-moving particles. Additionally, tracks passingmuon identification requirements are also analyzed for the same signature. In eachcase, no candidate passes the selection, with an expected background of less than0.1 events. A lower limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of a stable gluinois set at 398 GeV/ c , using a conventional model of nuclear interactions that allowscharged hadrons containing this particle to reach the muon detectors. A lower limitof 311 GeV/ c is also set for a stable gluino in a conservative scenario of completecharge suppression, where any hadron containing this particle becomes neutral be-fore reaching the muon detectors. Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics ∗ See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members a r X i v : . [ h e p - e x ] J a n Heavy stable (or quasi-stable) charged particles (HSCPs) appear in various extensions of thestandard model (SM) [1–8]. If the lifetime of an HSCP produced at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) is longer than a few nanoseconds, the particle will travel over distances that are compa-rable or larger than the size of a typical particle detector. In addition, if the HSCP mass is (cid:38) c , a significant fraction of these particles will have a velocity, β ≡ v / c , smaller than 0.9.These HSCPs will be directly observable through the distinctive signature of a high momentum( p ) particle with an anomalously large rate of energy loss through ionization ( dE / dx ).Previous collider searches for HSCPs have often been performed under the assumption thatthese particles lose energy primarily through low-momentum-transfer interactions, even if theyare strongly interacting, and are therefore likely to reach the outer muon systems of the detec-tors and be identified as muons [9–12]. The interactions with matter experienced by a strongly-interacting HSCP, which is expected to form a bound state ( R -hadron) [13] in the process ofhadronization, can lead to it flipping the sign of its electric charge or becoming neutral. Arecent study [14] on the modeling of nuclear interactions of HSCPs traveling through matter,favours a scenario of charge suppression. In this model the probability is close to unity foran R -hadron containing a gluino, (cid:101) g (the supersymmetric partner of the gluon), or a supersym-metric bottom squark, to emerge as a neutral particle after traversing an amount of materialtypical of the detectors operating at LEP, the Tevatron, or LHC. If this model is correct, the ma-jority of these HSCPs would not be observed in the muon system of a typical collider detector.Experimental strategies that do not rely on the muon-like behavior for the HSCPs are there-fore of great importance. For instance, searches have been performed for very slow ( β (cid:46) R -hadrons containing a gluino brought to rest in the detector [15, 16].In this article we present a search for HSCPs produced in pp collisions at √ s = − . We use triggers requiring: a high-transverse-momentum muon ( p T > c );or a dimuon pair ( p T > c for each muon); or calorimeter-based missing transverseenergy ( E missT >
100 GeV), to search for HSCPs failing muon identification or emerging mainlyas neutral particles after traversing the calorimeters; or a high-transverse-energy jet ( E T > tracker-only ”, the HSCP candidates aresearched for as individual tracks reconstructed in the inner tracker detector with large dE / dx and p T . A second selection, referred to as “ tracker-plus-muon ”, additionally requires that thetrack is identified as a muon in the outer muon detector. For both selections, the mass of thecandidate is calculated from the measured p and dE / dx . The central feature of the CMS detector is a 3.8 T superconducting solenoid of 6 m internal di-ameter surrounding a silicon pixel and strip tracker, a crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, anda brass-scintillator hadronic calorimeter. Muons are measured in gaseous detectors embeddedin the iron return yoke. Centrally produced charged particles are measured in the tracker bythree layers of silicon pixel detectors, followed by ten microstrip layers. At pseudorapidities( η ≡ − ln tan ( θ /2 ) , where θ is the polar angle measured with respect to the beam direction)above ≈ dE / dx measurement is based only on the information from the silicon strip detectors. The dE / dx measurement precision is limited bythe silicon strip analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) modules that are characterized by a max-imum number of counts per channel corresponding to about three times the average chargereleased by a minimum–ionizing particle (MIP) in 300 µ m of silicon. This is the thickness ofthe modules mounted in the innermost silicon strip central layers. The p T resolution for tracksmeasured in the central (forward) region of the silicon tracker is 1% (2%) for p T values up to50 GeV/ c and degrades to 10% (20%) at p T values of 1 TeV/ c . The trigger and reconstructionefficiencies for HSCPs in the muon detectors are limited by the requirements on the arrival timeof the particles at the muon system. These requirements affect the efficiency for detecting slowHSCPs. The dependence of the muon trigger efficiency on the particle velocity ( β ) is studiedusing data and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and found to decrease, below β = β = Candidate HSCPs are pre-selected by requiring a track with | η | < p T >
15 GeV/ c , relativeuncertainty on the p T less than 15%, and transverse (longitudinal) impact parameter with re-spect to the reconstructed primary collision vertex less than 0.25 (2.0) cm. Candidate tracks arealso required to have at least three measurements in the silicon-strip detector. For the tracker-plus-muon selection, we additionally require the track to be compatible with track segments re-constructed in the muon system. As an estimator of the degree of compatibility of the observedcharge measurements with the MIP hypothesis, a modified version of the Smirnov-Cramer-von Mises [18, 19] discriminant is used (the modification applied to the original form of thediscriminant eliminates the sensitivity to incompatibility with the MIP hypothesis due to lowionization): I as = N × (cid:32) N + N ∑ i = (cid:34) P i × (cid:18) P i − i − N (cid:19) (cid:35)(cid:33) , (1)where N is the number of charge measurements in the silicon-strip detectors, P i is the probabil-ity for a MIP to produce a charge smaller or equal to the i –th charge measurement for the ob-served path length in the detector, and the sum is over the track measurements ordered in termsof increasing P i . The charge probability density function used to calculate P i is obtained usingtracks with p > c in events collected with a minimum bias trigger. Non-relativisticHSCP candidates will have the value of the discriminant I as approaching unity. Figure 1 showsnormalized distributions of p T and I as in data and two MC samples, for candidates passingthe tracker-only pre-selection. The first MC sample contains events from QCD processes. Thesecond MC sample contains signal events from pair-production of stable (cid:101) g with a mass of 200GeV/ c . Both samples are generated with the PYTHIA v6.422 [20] MC package. More details onthe simulation of the signal sample will be given below. The MC QCD simulations are foundto reproduce the data, and the simulated signal is clearly separated. Because of the limitednumber of available simulated events with low transverse-momentum transfers, the MC QCDdistributions display bin-to-bin variations in the size of the statistical errors.The most probable value of the particle dE / dx is determined using a harmonic estimator I h ofgrade k = − I h = (cid:18) N ∑ i c ki (cid:19) k , (2)where c i is the charge per unit path length in the detector of the i -th measurement for a given (GeV/c) T p f r a c t i on o f t r a cks / G e V / c -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Tracker - Only 200g~MC - MC - QCDData -1 = 7 TeV 3.06 pb sCMS as I f r a c t i on o f t r a cks / . -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Tracker - Only 200g~MC - MC - QCDData -1 = 7 TeV 3.06 pb sCMS Figure 1: Normalized distributions of p T (left) and I as (right) in data and two MC samples, forcandidates passing the tracker-only pre-selection. The two MC samples contain events fromQCD processes and from pair-production of (cid:101) g with a mass of 200 GeV/ c , respectively.track. In order to estimate the mass ( m ) of highly ionizing particles, the following relationshipbetween I h , p , and m is assumed: I h = K m p + C . (3)Equation 3 reproduces the Bethe-Bloch formula [21] with an accuracy of better than 1% in therange 0.4 < β < < ( dE / dx ) / ( dE / dx ) MIP < K and C are determined from data using a sample of low-momentum protons, forwhich the fitted values are K = ± − c and C = ± − ,and the mass resolution is 7%. The reconstructed mass distribution for kaons and protons is invery good agreement with the one obtained from MC following this procedure [22]. For massesabove 100 GeV/ c , the mass resolution is expected to worsen because of the deterioration of themomentum resolution and because of the limit on the maximum charge that can be measuredby the silicon strip tracker ADCs, which also affects the mass scale. For a 300 GeV/c HSCP,the mass resolution is 12% and the reconstructed peak position is at 265 GeV/ c .The search is performed as a counting experiment. Signal candidates are required to have I as and p T greater than threshold values and the mass to be in the range of 75 to 2000 GeV/ c ,allowing sensitivity to HSCP masses as low as 100 GeV/ c . The I as distribution for the pre-selected tracks, and in particular its tail, depends strongly on the number of charge measure-ments on the track. Thus, to increase the sensitivity of the search, pre-selected tracks are di-vided into subsamples according to the number of silicon strip measurements. The I as ( p T )threshold in each subsample is determined by requiring a constant efficiency on data for allsubsamples, when the threshold is applied separately. A method that exploits the absenceof correlation between the p T and dE / dx measurements in data is used to estimate the back-ground from MIPs. In a given subsample j , the number of tracks that are expected to pass boththe final p T and I as thresholds set for the subsample is estimated as D j = B j C j / A j , where A j isthe number of tracks that fail both the I as and p T selections and B j ( C j ) is the number of tracksthat pass only the I as ( p T ) selection. The B j and C j tracks are then used to form a binned proba-bility density function in I h ( p ) for the D j tracks. Finally, using the mass determination (Eq. 3),the full mass spectrum of the background in the signal region D is predicted. By comparing the predicted and observed number of tracks for several very loose selections ina control region of the mass spectrum, corresponding to masses below 75 GeV/ c , the predic-tion is found to underestimate systematically the observation by 12% (5%) for the tracker-only(tracker-plus-muon) selection. After correcting the predicted background by this amount, theremaining background systematic uncertainty is conservatively estimated as twice the r.m.s.of the prediction-to-observation ratio distribution The resulting uncertainty on the predictedbackground is 14% (17%).As significant background rejection can be obtained without a sizable effect on the signal effi-ciency, the final selection is optimized by requiring the total expected background in the searchregion to be ∼ In addition to the final “ tight ” selection, the result of a “ loose ” selection is reported in Table 1.The loose selection retains a relatively large number of background candidates and allows usto compare the background prediction with the observed data. Figure 2 shows good agreementbetween the observed and predicted mass spectrum obtained using the loose selection for thetracker-plus-muon and tracker-only candidates. ) Mass (GeV/c T r a cks / G e V / c -1 Tracker + MuonData-based predictionData 400g~MC - -1 = 7 TeV 3.06 pb sCMS ) Mass (GeV/c T r a cks / G e V / c -1 Tracker - OnlyData-based predictionData 300g~MC - -1 = 7 TeV 3.06 pb sCMS Figure 2: Mass spectrum for the loose selection defined in Table 1 for the tracker-plus-muon(left) and tracker-only (right) candidates. Shown are: observed spectrum (black dots withthe error bars), data-based predicted background spectrum (red triangles) with its uncertainty(green band) and the spectrum predicted by MC for a signal of pair-produced stable (cid:101) g with amass of 400 (left) and 300 (right) GeV/ c (blue histogram).The results of the search with the final selection are also presented in Table 1. No candidateHSCP track is observed in either the tracker-only or tracker-plus-muon analysis.Given the null result, cross section upper limits at the 95% C.L. are set on the HSCP productionfor two benchmark scenarios: direct production of (cid:101) g pairs and ˜t pairs. For a given mass, thecross section for (cid:101) g production is expected to be much larger than that for ˜t production at boththe Tevatron and the LHC. Thus higher mass limits can be set for the former at both machines. Table 1: Selections used in the analysis and results of the search. The tracker-plus-muon andtracker-only selections are labeled as “Mu” and “Tk”, respectively. As explained in the text,the actual I as ( p T ) thresholds are determined in the various subsamples by the requirement of aconstant efficiency for candidate selection, (cid:101) I ( (cid:101) p T ). These thresholds, indicated by I minas ( p minT ),are therefore reported as a range of values. Expected and observed number of candidates inthe signal region are reported in the “Expected” and “Observed” rows, respectively. Top: looseselection. Bottom: tight selection. LOOSE Mu Tk (cid:101) I × − × − I minas (cid:101) p T × − × − p minT (GeV/ c ) 34 - 36 59 - 62Expected 281 ± ( stat . ) ± ( syst . ) ± ( stat . ) ± ( syst . ) Observed 307 452
TIGHT Mu Tk (cid:101) I × − × − I minas (cid:101) p T × − × − p minT (GeV/ c ) 115 - 118 154 - 210Expected 0.025 ± ( stat . ) ± ( syst . ) ± ( stat . ) ± ( syst . ) Observed 0 0However, as the mass of a produced particle increases, the ratio of the production cross sectionat the LHC to that at the Tevatron increases. For (cid:101) g masses in the region of 350 GeV/ c , theincrease in relative cross section outweighs the difference in integrated luminosity between thecurrent Tevatron and LHC data sets, enabling the LHC to set the most sensitive limits on thesearch for (cid:101) g.Events with pair production of (cid:101) g and ˜t , with mass values in the range 130-900 GeV/ c , are gen-erated with PYTHIA in order to compute the efficiency of our selection on these signals. The ˜t and (cid:101) g are treated as stable in all these samples and their hadronization is performed by PYTHIA .A parameter relevant to the (cid:101) g pair production, and not to the ˜t pair production, is the fraction, f , of produced (cid:101) g hadronizing into a (cid:101) g-gluon state ( R -gluonball). This fraction is an unknownparameter of the hadronization model and affects the fraction of R -hadrons that are neutral atproduction, which in turn affects the detection efficiency. In this study, results are obtained fortwo different values of f , 0.1 and 0.5, to show the effect of the hadronization model uncertaintyon the sensitivity of the search. The interactions of the HSCPs with the CMS apparatus and thedetector response are simulated in detail with the GEANT R -hadronstrong interactions with matter are modeled as in Ref. [25, 26]. This model, like a number ofothers [14, 27–29], assumes that the probability of an interaction between the heavy parton anda quark in the target nucleon is low since the cross section varies with the inverse square of theparton mass according to perturbative QCD. The adopted model chooses a pragmatic approachbased on analogy with observed low energy hadron scattering. However, given the very largeuncertainties on the dynamics underlying R -hadron interactions, an extremely pessimistic sce-nario of complete charge suppression, where each nuclear interaction suffered by the R -hadroncauses it to become neutral, is also considered. The tracker-only selection is expected to havesensitivity even in such a scenario. The total signal efficiency is reported in Table 2 for somecombinations of models and selections. Relatively small differences are found between the Table 2: Total signal selection efficiency and cross section upper limits for different combina-tions of models and selections: pair production of supersymmetric stop and gluinos; tracker-plus-muon (Mu) and tracker-only (Tk) selections; different fractions, f , of R -gluonball statesproduced after hadronization and charge suppression (ch. suppr.) scenario. gluino mass (GeV/ c ) 200 300 400 500 600 900Theoretical cross section (pb) 606 57.2 8.98 1.87 0.470 0.0130Mu; f=0.1Total efficiency (%) 7.17 10.4 13.1 15.1 14.5 9.18Expected 95% C.L. limit (pb) 15.1 10.4 8.25 7.16 7.47 11.8Observed 95% C.L. limit (pb) 14.5 9.98 7.92 6.88 7.17 11.3Mu; f=0.5;Total efficiency (%) 3.84 5.46 7.03 8.23 8.10 4.98Expected 95% C.L. limit (pb) 28.2 19.8 15.4 13.1 13.3 21.7Observed 95% C.L. limit (pb) 27.1 19.0 14.8 12.6 12.8 20.9Tk; f=0.1; ch. suppr.Total efficiency (%) 0.59 2.44 4.16 6.39 8.60 7.66Expected 95% C.L. limit (pb) 188 45.5 26.7 17.4 12.9 14.5Observed 95% C.L. limit (pb) 176 42.6 25.0 16.2 12.1 13.6 stop mass (GeV/ c ) 130 200 300 500 800Theoretical cross section (pb) 120 13.0 1.31 0.0480 0.00110Mu;Total efficiency (%) 2.99 9.50 14.7 19.6 14.0Expected 95% C.L. limit (pb) 36.1 11.4 7.35 5.52 7.71Observed 95% C.L. limit (pb) 34.7 10.9 7.06 5.30 7.39Tk; ch. suppr.Total efficiency (%) 0.02 1.19 3.55 7.27 7.68Expected 95% C.L. limit (pb) 5540 93.2 31.3 15.3 14.5Observed 95% C.L. limit (pb) 5180 87.2 29.2 14.3 13.5 Table 3: Sources of systematic errors and corresponding relative uncertainties.Source of Systematic Error Relative Uncertainty (%)Theoretical cross section 10 - 25Integrated luminosity 11Trigger efficiency 12Muon reconstruction efficiency 5Track reconstruction efficiency < < < (cid:101) g with f = c , thefraction of HSCPs that have β < E missT trigger efficiency by about 10%. In a more recent study [31], the estimate of theuncertainty on the jet energy scale has been reduced by a factor of two. However, in thisanalysis we have conservatively chosen to retain the earlier estimate of 10%. The uncertaintyon the muon trigger efficiency and the impact of an imperfect simulation of the synchronizationof the muon trigger and readout electronics are studied with data and MC. They result in anoverall uncertainty on the signal selection efficiency of less than 5%. The uncertainty on theoffline track reconstruction efficiency [32, 33], track momentum scale [34] and ionization energyloss scale [22] is also found to yield no more than 5% uncertainty on the overall signal selectionefficiency. The uncertainty on the absolute value of the integrated luminosity is estimated to be11% [35].The upper limit on the cross section is computed at 95% C.L. using a Bayesian method with aflat signal prior and a log-normal prior used for integration over the nuisance parameters [18,19, 21]. In order to obtain a conservative upper limit we set the expected background to zero.The tracker-plus-muon selection provides better limits than the tracker-only for all scenariosbut the one with complete charge suppression. For each considered scenario, the cross sectionupper limit obtained with the most sensitive selection is reported in Table 2 and Fig. 3, alongwith the theoretical predictions for (cid:101) g and ˜t pair production computed at next-to-leading order(NLO) + next-to-leading log (NLL) [36–39] using the PROSPINO v2 program [40]. The (cid:101) g theo-retical predictions refer to the case where the squarks and gluino are degenerate in mass. Inthe heavy squark limit these cross sections are about 10% higher. For the case of ˜t , beyondLO, the cross section does not only depend on the ˜t mass, but also, though to a much lesserextent [41], on the (cid:101) g mass, the average mass of the first and second generation squarks and thestop mixing angle. For this reason, the ˜t theoretical predictions reported in Table 2 and Fig. 3refer to the SPS1a’ benchmark scenario [42]. All systematic uncertainties discussed above areincluded in the cross section upper limits reported in Table 2 and Fig. 3. From the intersection of the cross section limit curve and the lower edge of the theoretical cross section band we seta 95% C.L. lower limit of 398 (357) GeV/ c on the mass of pair-produced (cid:101) g with f = ( ) ,using the tracker-plus-muon selection. The analogous limit on the ˜t mass is 202 GeV/ c . Inthe charge suppression scenario we set, with the tracker-only selection, a 95% C.L. (cid:101) g mass limitof 311 GeV/ c for f = In summary, the CMS detector has been used to identify highly ionizing, high- p T particlesand measure their masses. Two searches have been conducted: a very inclusive and modelindependent one that uses highly-ionizing tracks reconstructed in the inner tracker detector,and another requiring also that these tracks be identified in the CMS muon system. In each case,the observed distribution of the candidate masses is consistent with the expected background.We have set lower limits on masses of stable strongly interacting supersymmetric particles. Forthe case of (cid:101) g with f = , a lower mass limit of 398 and 202 GeV/ c , respectively, isset at the 95% C.L. with the analysis that uses muon identification. In a pessimistic scenario ofcomplete charge suppression the above (cid:101) g mass limit is reduced to 311 GeV/ c and is obtainedwith the tracker-only selection. The limits presented here on stable (cid:101) g are the most restrictive todate. We are grateful to Anna Kulesza and Michael Krammer for providing the theoretical produc-tion cross sections and associated uncertainties at next-to-leading order for pair production of (cid:101) g and ˜t . We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for theexcellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staffat CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRSand FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN;CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus);Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEAand CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA andNKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU(Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pak-istan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan);MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies(Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE andNSF (USA). References [1] R. Barbieri, L. J. Hall, and Y. 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Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
V. Khachatryan, A.M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan
Institut f ¨ur Hochenergiephysik der OeAW, Wien, Austria
W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Er ¨o, C. Fabjan, M. Friedl, R. Fr ¨uhwirth, V.M. Ghete,J. Hammer , S. H¨ansel, C. Hartl, M. Hoch, N. H ¨ormann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, G. Kasieczka,W. Kiesenhofer, M. Krammer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, M. Pernicka, H. Rohringer, R. Sch ¨ofbeck,J. Strauss, A. Taurok, F. Teischinger, W. Waltenberger, G. Walzel, E. Widl, C.-E. Wulz National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Belarus
V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez
Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
L. Benucci, L. Ceard, K. Cerny, E.A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, T. Maes, L. Mucibello, S. Ochesanu,B. Roland, R. Rougny, M. Selvaggi, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
V. Adler, S. Beauceron, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D’Hondt, O. Devroede, R. Gonzalez Suarez,A. Kalogeropoulos, J. Maes, M. Maes, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G.P. VanOnsem, I. Villella
Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
O. Charaf, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, V. Dero, A.P.R. Gay, G.H. Hammad, T. Hreus,P.E. Marage, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wickens
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
S. Costantini, M. Grunewald, B. Klein, A. Marinov, J. Mccartin, D. Ryckbosch, F. Thyssen,M. Tytgat, L. Vanelderen, P. Verwilligen, S. Walsh, N. Zaganidis
Universit´e Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
S. Basegmez, G. Bruno, J. Caudron, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, C. Delaere, P. Demin, D. Favart,A. Giammanco, G. Gr´egoire, J. Hollar, V. Lemaitre, J. Liao, O. Militaru, S. Ovyn, D. Pagano,A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, L. Quertenmont, N. Schul
Universit´e de Mons, Mons, Belgium
N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
G.A. Alves, D. De Jesus Damiao, M.E. Pol, M.H.G. Souza
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
W. Carvalho, E.M. Da Costa, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, L. Mundim,H. Nogima, V. Oguri, W.L. Prado Da Silva, A. Santoro, S.M. Silva Do Amaral, A. Sznajder
Instituto de Fisica Teorica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil
F.A. Dias, M.A.F. Dias, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores , F. Marinho, S.F. Novaes,Sandra S. Padula Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria
N. Darmenov , L. Dimitrov, V. Genchev , P. Iaydjiev , S. Piperov, M. Rodozov, S. Stoykova,G. Sultanov, V. Tcholakov, R. Trayanov, I. Vankov A The CMS Collaboration
University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
M. Dyulendarova, R. Hadjiiska, V. Kozhuharov, L. Litov, E. Marinova, M. Mateev, B. Pavlov,P. Petkov
Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
J.G. Bian, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, C.H. Jiang, D. Liang, S. Liang, J. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang,Z. Wang, M. Xu, M. Yang, J. Zang, Z. Zhang
State Key Lab. of Nucl. Phys. and Tech., Peking University, Beijing, China
Y. Ban, S. Guo, W. Li, Y. Mao, S.J. Qian, H. Teng, L. Zhang, B. Zhu
Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
A. Cabrera, B. Gomez Moreno, A.A. Ocampo Rios, A.F. Osorio Oliveros, J.C. Sanabria
Technical University of Split, Split, Croatia
N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, K. Lelas, R. Plestina , D. Polic, I. Puljak University of Split, Split, Croatia
Z. Antunovic, M. Dzelalija
Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
V. Brigljevic, S. Duric, K. Kadija, S. Morovic
University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
A. Attikis, M. Galanti, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski
Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, EgyptianNetwork of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
Y. Assran , M.A. Mahmoud National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
A. Hektor, M. Kadastik, K. Kannike, M. M ¨untel, M. Raidal, L. Rebane
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
V. Azzolini, P. Eerola
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
S. Czellar, J. H¨ark ¨onen, A. Heikkinen, V. Karim¨aki, R. Kinnunen, J. Klem, M.J. Kortelainen,T. Lamp´en, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lind´en, P. Luukka, T. M¨aenp¨a¨a, E. Tuominen,J. Tuominiemi, E. Tuovinen, D. Ungaro, L. Wendland
Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
K. Banzuzi, A. Korpela, T. Tuuva
Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux,France
D. Sillou
DSM/IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M. Besancon, S. Choudhury, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, B. Fabbro, J.L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour,F.X. Gentit, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, E. Locci, J. Malcles,M. Marionneau, L. Millischer, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, I. Shreyber, M. Titov, P. Verrecchia
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, France
S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, L. Bianchini, M. Bluj , C. Broutin, P. Busson, C. Charlot, T. Dahms,L. Dobrzynski, R. Granier de Cassagnac, M. Haguenauer, P. Min´e, C. Mironov, C. Ochando,P. Paganini, D. Sabes, R. Salerno, Y. Sirois, C. Thiebaux, B. Wyslouch , A. Zabi Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Universit´e de Strasbourg, Universit´e de HauteAlsace Mulhouse, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France
J.-L. Agram , J. Andrea, A. Besson, D. Bloch, D. Bodin, J.-M. Brom, M. Cardaci, E.C. Chabert,C. Collard, E. Conte , F. Drouhin , C. Ferro, J.-C. Fontaine , D. Gel´e, U. Goerlach, S. Greder,P. Juillot, M. Karim , A.-C. Le Bihan, Y. Mikami, P. Van Hove Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique desParticules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France
F. Fassi, D. Mercier
Universit´e de Lyon, Universit´e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS-IN2P3, Institut de PhysiqueNucl´eaire de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
C. Baty, N. Beaupere, M. Bedjidian, O. Bondu, G. Boudoul, D. Boumediene, H. Brun,N. Chanon, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, A. Falkiewicz, J. Fay,S. Gascon, B. Ille, T. Kurca, T. Le Grand, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, V. Sordini, S. Tosi,Y. Tschudi, P. Verdier, H. Xiao
E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Academy of Science, Tbilisi, Georgia
V. Roinishvili
RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
G. Anagnostou, M. Edelhoff, L. Feld, N. Heracleous, O. Hindrichs, R. Jussen, K. Klein, J. Merz,N. Mohr, A. Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, F. Raupach, J. Sammet, S. Schael, D. Sprenger, H. Weber,M. Weber, B. Wittmer
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
M. Ata, W. Bender, M. Erdmann, J. Frangenheim, T. Hebbeker, A. Hinzmann, K. Hoepfner,C. Hof, T. Klimkovich, D. Klingebiel, P. Kreuzer, D. Lanske † , C. Magass, G. Masetti,M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, P. Papacz, H. Pieta, H. Reithler, S.A. Schmitz, L. Sonnenschein,J. Steggemann, D. Teyssier RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
M. Bontenackels, M. Davids, M. Duda, G. Fl ¨ugge, H. Geenen, M. Giffels, W. Haj Ahmad,D. Heydhausen, T. Kress, Y. Kuessel, A. Linn, A. Nowack, L. Perchalla, O. Pooth, J. Rennefeld,P. Sauerland, A. Stahl, M. Thomas, D. Tornier, M.H. Zoeller
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
M. Aldaya Martin, W. Behrenhoff, U. Behrens, M. Bergholz , K. Borras, A. Cakir, A. Campbell,E. Castro, D. Dammann, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, A. Flossdorf, G. Flucke, A. Geiser, I. Glushkov,J. Hauk, H. Jung, M. Kasemann, I. Katkov, P. Katsas, C. Kleinwort, H. Kluge, A. Knutsson,D. Kr ¨ucker, E. Kuznetsova, W. Lange, W. Lohmann , R. Mankel, M. Marienfeld, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A.B. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, J. Olzem, A. Parenti, A. Raspereza, A. Raval,R. Schmidt , T. Schoerner-Sadenius, N. Sen, M. Stein, J. Tomaszewska, D. Volyanskyy, R. Walsh,C. Wissing University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
C. Autermann, S. Bobrovskyi, J. Draeger, H. Enderle, U. Gebbert, K. Kaschube, G. Kaussen,R. Klanner, J. Lange, B. Mura, S. Naumann-Emme, F. Nowak, N. Pietsch, C. Sander, H. Schettler,P. Schleper, M. Schr ¨oder, T. Schum, J. Schwandt, A.K. Srivastava, H. Stadie, G. Steinbr ¨uck,J. Thomsen, R. Wolf
Institut f ¨ur Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
C. Barth, J. Bauer, V. Buege, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm, G. Dirkes, M. Feindt,J. Gruschke, C. Hackstein, F. Hartmann, S.M. Heindl, M. Heinrich, H. Held, K.H. Hoffmann, A The CMS Collaboration
S. Honc, T. Kuhr, D. Martschei, S. Mueller, Th. M ¨uller, M. Niegel, O. Oberst, A. Oehler, J. Ott,T. Peiffer, D. Piparo, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, F. Ratnikov, M. Renz, C. Saout, A. Scheurer,P. Schieferdecker, F.-P. Schilling, G. Schott, H.J. Simonis, F.M. Stober, D. Troendle, J. Wagner-Kuhr, M. Zeise, V. Zhukov , E.B. Ziebarth Institute of Nuclear Physics ”Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, S. Kesisoglou, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, I. Manolakos, A. Markou,C. Markou, C. Mavrommatis, E. Petrakou
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
L. Gouskos, T.J. Mertzimekis, A. Panagiotou University of Io´annina, Io´annina, Greece
I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Kokkas, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, V. Patras, F.A. Triantis
KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
A. Aranyi, G. Bencze, L. Boldizsar, G. Debreczeni, C. Hajdu , D. Horvath , A. Kapusi,K. Krajczar , A. Laszlo, F. Sikler, G. Vesztergombi Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary
N. Beni, J. Molnar, J. Palinkas, Z. Szillasi, V. Veszpremi
University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
P. Raics, Z.L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari
Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
S. Bansal, S.B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, N. Dhingra, M. Jindal, M. Kaur, J.M. Kohli, M.Z. Mehta,N. Nishu, L.K. Saini, A. Sharma, A.P. Singh, J.B. Singh, S.P. Singh
University of Delhi, Delhi, India
S. Ahuja, S. Bhattacharya, B.C. Choudhary, P. Gupta, S. Jain, S. Jain, A. Kumar, R.K. Shivpuri
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
R.K. Choudhury, D. Dutta, S. Kailas, S.K. Kataria, A.K. Mohanty , L.M. Pant, P. Shukla Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - EHEP, Mumbai, India
T. Aziz, M. Guchait , A. Gurtu, M. Maity , D. Majumder, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar,G.B. Mohanty, A. Saha, K. Sudhakar, N. Wickramage Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - HECR, Mumbai, India
S. Banerjee, S. Dugad, N.K. Mondal
Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics & Mathematics (IPM), Tehran, Iran
H. Arfaei, H. Bakhshiansohi, S.M. Etesami, A. Fahim, M. Hashemi, A. Jafari, M. Khakzad,A. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, B. Safarzadeh,M. Zeinali
INFN Sezione di Bari a , Universit`a di Bari b , Politecnico di Bari c , Bari, Italy M. Abbrescia a , b , L. Barbone a , b , C. Calabria a , b , A. Colaleo a , D. Creanza a , c , N. De Filippis a , c ,M. De Palma a , b , A. Dimitrov a , L. Fiore a , G. Iaselli a , c , L. Lusito a , b ,1 , G. Maggi a , c , M. Maggi a ,N. Manna a , b , B. Marangelli a , b , S. My a , c , S. Nuzzo a , b , N. Pacifico a , b , G.A. Pierro a , A. Pompili a , b ,G. Pugliese a , c , F. Romano a , c , G. Roselli a , b , G. Selvaggi a , b , L. Silvestris a , R. Trentadue a ,S. Tupputi a , b , G. Zito a INFN Sezione di Bologna a , Universit`a di Bologna b , Bologna, Italy G. Abbiendi a , A.C. Benvenuti a , D. Bonacorsi a , S. Braibant-Giacomelli a , b , L. Brigliadori a , P. Capiluppi a , b , A. Castro a , b , F.R. Cavallo a , M. Cuffiani a , b , G.M. Dallavalle a , F. Fabbri a ,A. Fanfani a , b , D. Fasanella a , P. Giacomelli a , M. Giunta a , S. Marcellini a , M. Meneghelli a , b ,A. Montanari a , F.L. Navarria a , b , F. Odorici a , A. Perrotta a , F. Primavera a , A.M. Rossi a , b ,T. Rovelli a , b , G. Siroli a , b , R. Travaglini a , b INFN Sezione di Catania a , Universit`a di Catania b , Catania, Italy S. Albergo a , b , G. Cappello a , b , M. Chiorboli a , b ,1 , S. Costa a , b , A. Tricomi a , b , C. Tuve a INFN Sezione di Firenze a , Universit`a di Firenze b , Firenze, Italy G. Barbagli a , V. Ciulli a , b , C. Civinini a , R. D’Alessandro a , b , E. Focardi a , b , S. Frosali a , b , E. Gallo a ,C. Genta a , P. Lenzi a , b , M. Meschini a , S. Paoletti a , G. Sguazzoni a , A. Tropiano a ,1 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
L. Benussi, S. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi , F. Fabbri, D. Piccolo INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
P. Fabbricatore, R. Musenich
INFN Sezione di Milano-Biccoca a , Universit`a di Milano-Bicocca b , Milano, Italy A. Benaglia a , b , F. De Guio a , b ,1 , L. Di Matteo a , b , A. Ghezzi a , b ,1 , M. Malberti a , b , S. Malvezzi a ,A. Martelli a , b , A. Massironi a , b , D. Menasce a , L. Moroni a , M. Paganoni a , b , D. Pedrini a ,S. Ragazzi a , b , N. Redaelli a , S. Sala a , T. Tabarelli de Fatis a , b , V. Tancini a , b INFN Sezione di Napoli a , Universit`a di Napoli ”Federico II” b , Napoli, Italy S. Buontempo a , C.A. Carrillo Montoya a , A. Cimmino a , b , A. De Cosa a , b , M. De Gruttola a , b ,F. Fabozzi a ,16 , A.O.M. Iorio a , L. Lista a , M. Merola a , b , P. Noli a , b , P. Paolucci a INFN Sezione di Padova a , Universit`a di Padova b , Universit`a di Trento (Trento) c , Padova,Italy P. Azzi a , N. Bacchetta a , P. Bellan a , b , D. Bisello a , b , A. Branca a , R. Carlin a , b , E. Conti a , M. DeMattia a , b , T. Dorigo a , F. Fanzago a , F. Gasparini a , b , P. Giubilato a , b , F. Gonella a , A. Gresele a , c ,S. Lacaprara a ,17 , I. Lazzizzera a , c , M. Margoni a , b , M. Mazzucato a , A.T. Meneguzzo a , b ,M. Nespolo a , M. Pegoraro a , L. Perrozzi a ,1 , N. Pozzobon a , b , P. Ronchese a , b , E. Torassa a ,M. Tosi a , b , A. Triossi a , S. Vanini a , b , S. Ventura a , G. Zumerle a , b INFN Sezione di Pavia a , Universit`a di Pavia b , Pavia, Italy P. Baesso a , b , U. Berzano a , C. Riccardi a , b , P. Torre a , b , P. Vitulo a , b , C. Viviani a , b INFN Sezione di Perugia a , Universit`a di Perugia b , Perugia, Italy M. Biasini a , b , G.M. Bilei a , B. Caponeri a , b , L. Fan `o a , b , P. Lariccia a , b , A. Lucaroni a , b ,1 ,G. Mantovani a , b , M. Menichelli a , A. Nappi a , b , A. Santocchia a , b , L. Servoli a , S. Taroni a , b ,M. Valdata a , b , R. Volpe a , b ,1 INFN Sezione di Pisa a , Universit`a di Pisa b , Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa c , Pisa, Italy P. Azzurri a , c , G. Bagliesi a , J. Bernardini a , b , T. Boccali a ,1 , G. Broccolo a , c , R. Castaldi a ,R.T. D’Agnolo a , c , R. Dell’Orso a , F. Fiori a , b , L. Fo`a a , c , A. Giassi a , A. Kraan a , F. Ligabue a , c ,T. Lomtadze a , L. Martini a , A. Messineo a , b , F. Palla a , F. Palmonari a , S. Sarkar a , c , G. Segneri a ,A.T. Serban a , P. Spagnolo a , R. Tenchini a , G. Tonelli a , b ,1 , A. Venturi a ,1 , P.G. Verdini a INFN Sezione di Roma a , Universit`a di Roma ”La Sapienza” b , Roma, Italy L. Barone a , b , F. Cavallari a , D. Del Re a , b , E. Di Marco a , b , M. Diemoz a , D. Franci a , b , M. Grassi a ,E. Longo a , b , G. Organtini a , b , A. Palma a , b , F. Pandolfi a , b ,1 , R. Paramatti a , S. Rahatlou a , b A The CMS Collaboration
INFN Sezione di Torino a , Universit`a di Torino b , Universit`a del Piemonte Orientale (No-vara) c , Torino, Italy N. Amapane a , b , R. Arcidiacono a , c , S. Argiro a , b , M. Arneodo a , c , C. Biino a , C. Botta a , b ,1 ,N. Cartiglia a , R. Castello a , b , M. Costa a , b , N. Demaria a , A. Graziano a , b ,1 , C. Mariotti a ,M. Marone a , b , S. Maselli a , E. Migliore a , b , G. Mila a , b , V. Monaco a , b , M. Musich a , b ,M.M. Obertino a , c , N. Pastrone a , M. Pelliccioni a , b ,1 , A. Romero a , b , M. Ruspa a , c , R. Sacchi a , b ,V. Sola a , b , A. Solano a , b , A. Staiano a , D. Trocino a , b , A. Vilela Pereira a , b ,1 INFN Sezione di Trieste a , Universit`a di Trieste b , Trieste, Italy F. Ambroglini a , b , S. Belforte a , F. Cossutti a , G. Della Ricca a , b , B. Gobbo a , D. Montanino a , b ,A. Penzo a Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
S.G. Heo
Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
S. Chang, J. Chung, D.H. Kim, G.N. Kim, J.E. Kim, D.J. Kong, H. Park, D. Son, D.C. Son
Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju,Korea
Zero Kim, J.Y. Kim, S. Song
Korea University, Seoul, Korea
S. Choi, B. Hong, M. Jo, H. Kim, J.H. Kim, T.J. Kim, K.S. Lee, D.H. Moon, S.K. Park, H.B. Rhee,E. Seo, S. Shin, K.S. Sim
University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
M. Choi, S. Kang, H. Kim, C. Park, I.C. Park, S. Park, G. Ryu
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
Y. Choi, Y.K. Choi, J. Goh, J. Lee, S. Lee, H. Seo, I. Yu
Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
M.J. Bilinskas, I. Grigelionis, M. Janulis, D. Martisiute, P. Petrov, T. Sabonis
Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
H. Castilla Valdez, E. De La Cruz Burelo, R. Lopez-Fernandez, A. S´anchez Hern´andez,L.M. Villasenor-Cendejas
Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
S. Carrillo Moreno, F. Vazquez Valencia
Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
H.A. Salazar Ibarguen
Universidad Aut ´onoma de San Luis Potos´ı, San Luis Potos´ı, Mexico
E. Casimiro Linares, A. Morelos Pineda, M.A. Reyes-Santos
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
P. Allfrey, D. Krofcheck
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
P.H. Butler, R. Doesburg, H. Silverwood
National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
M. Ahmad, I. Ahmed, M.I. Asghar, H.R. Hoorani, W.A. Khan, T. Khurshid, S. Qazi Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
M. Cwiok, W. Dominik, K. Doroba, A. Kalinowski, M. Konecki, J. Krolikowski
Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland
T. Frueboes, R. Gokieli, M. G ´orski, M. Kazana, K. Nawrocki, K. Romanowska-Rybinska,M. Szleper, G. Wrochna, P. Zalewski
Laborat ´orio de Instrumenta¸c˜ao e F´ısica Experimental de Part´ıculas, Lisboa, Portugal
N. Almeida, A. David, P. Faccioli, P.G. Ferreira Parracho, M. Gallinaro, P. Martins, P. Musella,A. Nayak, P.Q. Ribeiro, J. Seixas, P. Silva, J. Varela , H.K. W ¨ohri Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
I. Belotelov, P. Bunin, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., I. Golutvin, A. Kamenev, V. Karjavin, G. Kozlov,A. Lanev, P. Moisenz, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, S. Shmatov, V. Smirnov, A. Volodko, A. Zarubin
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St Petersburg), Russia
N. Bondar, V. Golovtsov, Y. Ivanov, V. Kim, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, I. Smirnov,V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Vavilov, A. Vorobyev
Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
Yu. Andreev, S. Gninenko, N. Golubev, M. Kirsanov, N. Krasnikov, V. Matveev, A. Pashenkov,A. Toropin, S. Troitsky
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
V. Epshteyn, V. Gavrilov, V. Kaftanov † , M. Kossov , A. Krokhotin, N. Lychkovskaya,G. Safronov, S. Semenov, V. Stolin, E. Vlasov, A. Zhokin Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
E. Boos, M. Dubinin , L. Dudko, A. Ershov, A. Gribushin, O. Kodolova, I. Lokhtin,S. Obraztsov, S. Petrushanko, L. Sarycheva, V. Savrin, A. Snigirev P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia
V. Andreev, M. Azarkin, I. Dremin, M. Kirakosyan, S.V. Rusakov, A. Vinogradov
State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino,Russia
I. Azhgirey, S. Bitioukov, V. Grishin , V. Kachanov, D. Konstantinov, A. Korablev, V. Krychkine,V. Petrov, R. Ryutin, S. Slabospitsky, A. Sobol, L. Tourtchanovitch, S. Troshin, N. Tyurin,A. Uzunian, A. Volkov University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade,Serbia
P. Adzic , M. Djordjevic, D. Krpic , J. Milosevic Centro de Investigaciones Energ´eticas Medioambientales y Tecnol ´ogicas (CIEMAT),Madrid, Spain
M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz Maestre, P. Arce, C. Battilana, E. Calvo, M. Cepeda, M. Cerrada,N. Colino, B. De La Cruz, C. Diez Pardos, D. Dom´ınguez V´azquez, C. Fernandez Bedoya,J.P. Fern´andez Ramos, A. Ferrando, J. Flix, M.C. Fouz, P. Garcia-Abia, O. Gonzalez Lopez,S. Goy Lopez, J.M. Hernandez, M.I. Josa, G. Merino, J. Puerta Pelayo, I. Redondo, L. Romero,J. Santaolalla, C. Willmott
Universidad Aut ´onoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
C. Albajar, G. Codispoti, J.F. de Troc ´oniz A The CMS Collaboration
Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
J. Cuevas, J. Fernandez Menendez, S. Folgueras, I. Gonzalez Caballero, L. Lloret Iglesias,J.M. Vizan Garcia
Instituto de F´ısica de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
J.A. Brochero Cifuentes, I.J. Cabrillo, A. Calderon, M. Chamizo Llatas, S.H. Chuang, J. DuarteCampderros, M. Felcini , M. Fernandez, G. Gomez, J. Gonzalez Sanchez, C. Jorda, P. LobellePardo, A. Lopez Virto, J. Marco, R. Marco, C. Martinez Rivero, F. Matorras, F.J. Munoz Sanchez,J. Piedra Gomez , T. Rodrigo, A. Ruiz Jimeno, L. Scodellaro, M. Sobron Sanudo, I. Vila, R. VilarCortabitarte CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Abbaneo, E. Auffray, G. Auzinger, P. Baillon, A.H. Ball, D. Barney, A.J. Bell , D. Benedetti,C. Bernet , W. Bialas, P. Bloch, A. Bocci, S. Bolognesi, H. Breuker, G. Brona, K. Bunkowski,T. Camporesi, E. Cano, G. Cerminara, T. Christiansen, J.A. Coarasa Perez, B. Cur´e,D. D’Enterria, A. De Roeck, F. Duarte Ramos, A. Elliott-Peisert, B. Frisch, W. Funk, A. Gaddi,S. Gennai, G. Georgiou, H. Gerwig, D. Gigi, K. Gill, D. Giordano, F. Glege, R. Gomez-ReinoGarrido, M. Gouzevitch, P. Govoni, S. Gowdy, L. Guiducci, M. Hansen, J. Harvey, J. Hegeman,B. Hegner, C. Henderson, G. Hesketh, H.F. Hoffmann, A. Honma, V. Innocente, P. Janot,E. Karavakis, P. Lecoq, C. Leonidopoulos, C. Lourenc¸o, A. Macpherson, T. M¨aki, L. Malgeri,M. Mannelli, L. Masetti, F. Meijers, S. Mersi, E. Meschi, R. Moser, M.U. Mozer, M. Mulders,E. Nesvold , M. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, L. Orsini, E. Perez, A. Petrilli, A. Pfeiffer, M. Pierini,M. Pimi¨a, G. Polese, A. Racz, G. Rolandi , T. Rommerskirchen, C. Rovelli , M. Rovere,H. Sakulin, C. Sch¨afer, C. Schwick, I. Segoni, A. Sharma, P. Siegrist, M. Simon, P. Sphicas ,D. Spiga, M. Spiropulu , F. St ¨ockli, M. Stoye, P. Tropea, A. Tsirou, A. Tsyganov, G.I. Veres ,P. Vichoudis, M. Voutilainen, W.D. Zeuner Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
W. Bertl, K. Deiters, W. Erdmann, K. Gabathuler, R. Horisberger, Q. Ingram, H.C. Kaestli,S. K ¨onig, D. Kotlinski, U. Langenegger, F. Meier, D. Renker, T. Rohe, J. Sibille ,A. Starodumov Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
P. Bortignon, L. Caminada , Z. Chen, S. Cittolin, G. Dissertori, M. Dittmar, J. Eugster,K. Freudenreich, C. Grab, A. Herv´e, W. Hintz, P. Lecomte, W. Lustermann, C. Marchica ,P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P. Meridiani, P. Milenovic , F. Moortgat, P. Nef, F. Nessi-Tedaldi,L. Pape, F. Pauss, T. Punz, A. Rizzi, F.J. Ronga, M. Rossini, L. Sala, A.K. Sanchez, M.-C. Sawley,B. Stieger, L. Tauscher † , A. Thea, K. Theofilatos, D. Treille, C. Urscheler, R. Wallny , M. Weber,L. Wehrli, J. Weng Universit¨at Z ¨urich, Zurich, Switzerland
E. Aguil ´o, C. Amsler, V. Chiochia, S. De Visscher, C. Favaro, M. Ivova Rikova, B. Millan Mejias,C. Regenfus, P. Robmann, A. Schmidt, H. Snoek, L. Wilke
National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
Y.H. Chang, K.H. Chen, W.T. Chen, S. Dutta, A. Go, C.M. Kuo, S.W. Li, W. Lin, M.H. Liu,Z.K. Liu, Y.J. Lu, J.H. Wu, S.S. Yu
National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
P. Bartalini, P. Chang, Y.H. Chang, Y.W. Chang, Y. Chao, K.F. Chen, W.-S. Hou, Y. Hsiung,K.Y. Kao, Y.J. Lei, R.-S. Lu, J.G. Shiu, Y.M. Tzeng, M. Wang Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
A. Adiguzel, M.N. Bakirci , S. Cerci , C. Dozen, I. Dumanoglu, E. Eskut, S. Girgis,G. Gokbulut, Y. Guler, E. Gurpinar, I. Hos, E.E. Kangal, T. Karaman, A. Kayis Topaksu, A. Nart,G. Onengut, K. Ozdemir, S. Ozturk, A. Polatoz, K. Sogut , B. Tali, H. Topakli , D. Uzun,L.N. Vergili, M. Vergili, C. Zorbilmez Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
I.V. Akin, T. Aliev, S. Bilmis, M. Deniz, H. Gamsizkan, A.M. Guler, K. Ocalan, A. Ozpineci,M. Serin, R. Sever, U.E. Surat, E. Yildirim, M. Zeyrek
Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
M. Deliomeroglu, D. Demir , E. G ¨ulmez, A. Halu, B. Isildak, M. Kaya , O. Kaya ,S. Ozkorucuklu , N. Sonmez National Scientific Center, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
L. Levchuk
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
P. Bell, F. Bostock, J.J. Brooke, T.L. Cheng, E. Clement, D. Cussans, R. Frazier, J. Goldstein,M. Grimes, M. Hansen, D. Hartley, G.P. Heath, H.F. Heath, B. Huckvale, J. Jackson, L. Kreczko,S. Metson, D.M. Newbold , K. Nirunpong, A. Poll, S. Senkin, V.J. Smith, S. Ward Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
L. Basso, K.W. Bell, A. Belyaev, C. Brew, R.M. Brown, B. Camanzi, D.J.A. Cockerill,J.A. Coughlan, K. Harder, S. Harper, B.W. Kennedy, E. Olaiya, D. Petyt, B.C. Radburn-Smith,C.H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, I.R. Tomalin, W.J. Womersley, S.D. Worm
Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
R. Bainbridge, G. Ball, J. Ballin, R. Beuselinck, O. Buchmuller, D. Colling, N. Cripps, M. Cutajar,G. Davies, M. Della Negra, J. Fulcher, D. Futyan, A. Guneratne Bryer, G. Hall, Z. Hatherell,J. Hays, G. Iles, G. Karapostoli, L. Lyons, A.-M. Magnan, J. Marrouche, R. Nandi, J. Nash,A. Nikitenko , A. Papageorgiou, M. Pesaresi, K. Petridis, M. Pioppi , D.M. Raymond,N. Rompotis, A. Rose, M.J. Ryan, C. Seez, P. Sharp, A. Sparrow, A. Tapper, S. Tourneur,M. Vazquez Acosta, T. Virdee, S. Wakefield, D. Wardrope, T. Whyntie Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
M. Barrett, M. Chadwick, J.E. Cole, P.R. Hobson, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, D. Leslie, W. Martin,I.D. Reid, L. Teodorescu
Baylor University, Waco, USA
K. Hatakeyama
Boston University, Boston, USA
T. Bose, E. Carrera Jarrin, A. Clough, C. Fantasia, A. Heister, J. St. John, P. Lawson, D. Lazic,J. Rohlf, D. Sperka, L. Sulak
Brown University, Providence, USA
A. Avetisyan, S. Bhattacharya, J.P. Chou, D. Cutts, A. Ferapontov, U. Heintz, S. Jabeen,G. Kukartsev, G. Landsberg, M. Narain, D. Nguyen, M. Segala, T. Speer, K.V. Tsang
University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
M.A. Borgia, R. Breedon, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, D. Cebra, S. Chauhan, M. Chertok,J. Conway, P.T. Cox, J. Dolen, R. Erbacher, E. Friis, W. Ko, A. Kopecky, R. Lander, H. Liu,S. Maruyama, T. Miceli, M. Nikolic, D. Pellett, J. Robles, S. Salur, T. Schwarz, M. Searle, J. Smith,M. Squires, M. Tripathi, R. Vasquez Sierra, C. Veelken A The CMS Collaboration
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
V. Andreev, K. Arisaka, D. Cline, R. Cousins, A. Deisher, J. Duris, S. Erhan, C. Farrell, J. Hauser,M. Ignatenko, C. Jarvis, C. Plager, G. Rakness, P. Schlein † , J. Tucker, V. Valuev University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA
J. Babb, R. Clare, J. Ellison, J.W. Gary, F. Giordano, G. Hanson, G.Y. Jeng, S.C. Kao, F. Liu,H. Liu, A. Luthra, H. Nguyen, G. Pasztor , A. Satpathy, B.C. Shen † , R. Stringer, J. Sturdy,S. Sumowidagdo, R. Wilken, S. Wimpenny University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
W. Andrews, J.G. Branson, G.B. Cerati, E. Dusinberre, D. Evans, F. Golf, A. Holzner, R. Kelley,M. Lebourgeois, J. Letts, B. Mangano, J. Muelmenstaedt, S. Padhi, C. Palmer, G. Petrucciani,H. Pi, M. Pieri, R. Ranieri, M. Sani, V. Sharma , S. Simon, Y. Tu, A. Vartak, F. W ¨urthwein,A. Yagil University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
D. Barge, R. Bellan, C. Campagnari, M. D’Alfonso, T. Danielson, K. Flowers, P. Geffert,J. Incandela, C. Justus, P. Kalavase, S.A. Koay, D. Kovalskyi, V. Krutelyov, S. Lowette, N. Mccoll,V. Pavlunin, F. Rebassoo, J. Ribnik, J. Richman, R. Rossin, D. Stuart, W. To, J.R. Vlimant
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
A. Bornheim, J. Bunn, Y. Chen, M. Gataullin, D. Kcira, V. Litvine, Y. Ma, A. Mott, H.B. Newman,C. Rogan, V. Timciuc, P. Traczyk, J. Veverka, R. Wilkinson, Y. Yang, R.Y. Zhu
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
B. Akgun, R. Carroll, T. Ferguson, Y. Iiyama, D.W. Jang, S.Y. Jun, Y.F. Liu, M. Paulini, J. Russ,N. Terentyev, H. Vogel, I. Vorobiev
University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, USA
J.P. Cumalat, M.E. Dinardo, B.R. Drell, C.J. Edelmaier, W.T. Ford, B. Heyburn, E. Luiggi Lopez,U. Nauenberg, J.G. Smith, K. Stenson, K.A. Ulmer, S.R. Wagner, S.L. Zang
Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
L. Agostino, J. Alexander, A. Chatterjee, S. Das, N. Eggert, L.J. Fields, L.K. Gibbons, B. Heltsley,W. Hopkins, A. Khukhunaishvili, B. Kreis, V. Kuznetsov, G. Nicolas Kaufman, J.R. Patterson,D. Puigh, D. Riley, A. Ryd, X. Shi, W. Sun, W.D. Teo, J. Thom, J. Thompson, J. Vaughan, Y. Weng,L. Winstrom, P. Wittich
Fairfield University, Fairfield, USA
A. Biselli, G. Cirino, D. Winn
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, USA
S. Abdullin, M. Albrow, J. Anderson, G. Apollinari, M. Atac, J.A. Bakken, S. Banerjee,L.A.T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, J. Berryhill, P.C. Bhat, I. Bloch, F. Borcherding, K. Burkett,J.N. Butler, V. Chetluru, H.W.K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, S. Cihangir, M. Demarteau, D.P. Eartly,V.D. Elvira, S. Esen, I. Fisk, J. Freeman, Y. Gao, E. Gottschalk, D. Green, K. Gunthoti, O. Gutsche,A. Hahn, J. Hanlon, R.M. Harris, J. Hirschauer, B. Hooberman, E. James, H. Jensen, M. Johnson,U. Joshi, R. Khatiwada, B. Kilminster, B. Klima, K. Kousouris, S. Kunori, S. Kwan, P. Limon,R. Lipton, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, J.M. Marraffino, D. Mason, P. McBride, T. McCauley,T. Miao, K. Mishra, S. Mrenna, Y. Musienko , C. Newman-Holmes, V. O’Dell, S. Popescu ,R. Pordes, O. Prokofyev, N. Saoulidou, E. Sexton-Kennedy, S. Sharma, A. Soha, W.J. Spalding,L. Spiegel, P. Tan, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, L. Uplegger, E.W. Vaandering, R. Vidal, J. Whitmore,W. Wu, F. Yang, F. Yumiceva, J.C. Yun University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, M. Chen, G.P. Di Giovanni, D. Dobur, A. Drozdetskiy,R.D. Field, M. Fisher, Y. Fu, I.K. Furic, J. Gartner, S. Goldberg, B. Kim, S. Klimenko,J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, A. Kropivnitskaya, T. Kypreos, K. Matchev, G. Mitselmakher,L. Muniz, Y. Pakhotin, C. Prescott, R. Remington, M. Schmitt, B. Scurlock, P. Sellers,N. Skhirtladze, D. Wang, J. Yelton, M. Zakaria
Florida International University, Miami, USA
C. Ceron, V. Gaultney, L. Kramer, L.M. Lebolo, S. Linn, P. Markowitz, G. Martinez,J.L. Rodriguez
Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
T. Adams, A. Askew, D. Bandurin, J. Bochenek, J. Chen, B. Diamond, S.V. Gleyzer, J. Haas,S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, M. Jenkins, K.F. Johnson, H. Prosper, S. Sekmen, V. Veeraraghavan
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
M.M. Baarmand, B. Dorney, S. Guragain, M. Hohlmann, H. Kalakhety, R. Ralich,I. Vodopiyanov
University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, USA
M.R. Adams, I.M. Anghel, L. Apanasevich, Y. Bai, V.E. Bazterra, R.R. Betts, J. Callner,R. Cavanaugh, C. Dragoiu, E.J. Garcia-Solis, C.E. Gerber, D.J. Hofman, S. Khalatyan, F. Lacroix,C. O’Brien, C. Silvestre, A. Smoron, D. Strom, N. Varelas
The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
U. Akgun, E.A. Albayrak, B. Bilki, K. Cankocak , W. Clarida, F. Duru, C.K. Lae, E. McCliment,J.-P. Merlo, H. Mermerkaya, A. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, J. Nachtman, C.R. Newsom,E. Norbeck, J. Olson, Y. Onel, F. Ozok, S. Sen, J. Wetzel, T. Yetkin, K. Yi Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
B.A. Barnett, B. Blumenfeld, A. Bonato, C. Eskew, D. Fehling, G. Giurgiu, A.V. Gritsan, Z.J. Guo,G. Hu, P. Maksimovic, S. Rappoccio, M. Swartz, N.V. Tran, A. Whitbeck
The University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
P. Baringer, A. Bean, G. Benelli, O. Grachov, M. Murray, D. Noonan, V. Radicci, S. Sanders,J.S. Wood, V. Zhukova
Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
T. Bolton, I. Chakaberia, A. Ivanov, M. Makouski, Y. Maravin, S. Shrestha, I. Svintradze, Z. Wan
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA
J. Gronberg, D. Lange, D. Wright
University of Maryland, College Park, USA
A. Baden, M. Boutemeur, S.C. Eno, D. Ferencek, J.A. Gomez, N.J. Hadley, R.G. Kellogg, M. Kirn,Y. Lu, A.C. Mignerey, K. Rossato, P. Rumerio, F. Santanastasio, A. Skuja, J. Temple, M.B. Tonjes,S.C. Tonwar, E. Twedt
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
B. Alver, G. Bauer, J. Bendavid, W. Busza, E. Butz, I.A. Cali, M. Chan, V. Dutta, P. Everaerts,G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, K.A. Hahn, P. Harris, Y. Kim, M. Klute, Y.-J. Lee, W. Li,C. Loizides, P.D. Luckey, T. Ma, S. Nahn, C. Paus, D. Ralph, C. Roland, G. Roland, M. Rudolph,G.S.F. Stephans, K. Sumorok, K. Sung, E.A. Wenger, S. Xie, M. Yang, Y. Yilmaz, A.S. Yoon,M. Zanetti A The CMS Collaboration
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
P. Cole, S.I. Cooper, P. Cushman, B. Dahmes, A. De Benedetti, P.R. Dudero, G. Franzoni,J. Haupt, K. Klapoetke, Y. Kubota, J. Mans, V. Rekovic, R. Rusack, M. Sasseville, A. Singovsky
University of Mississippi, University, USA
L.M. Cremaldi, R. Godang, R. Kroeger, L. Perera, R. Rahmat, D.A. Sanders, D. Summers
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
K. Bloom, S. Bose, J. Butt, D.R. Claes, A. Dominguez, M. Eads, J. Keller, T. Kelly, I. Kravchenko,J. Lazo-Flores, C. Lundstedt, H. Malbouisson, S. Malik, G.R. Snow
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
U. Baur, A. Godshalk, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, A. Kumar, S.P. Shipkowski, K. Smith
Northeastern University, Boston, USA
G. Alverson, E. Barberis, D. Baumgartel, O. Boeriu, M. Chasco, K. Kaadze, S. Reucroft, J. Swain,D. Wood, J. Zhang
Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
A. Anastassov, A. Kubik, N. Odell, R.A. Ofierzynski, B. Pollack, A. Pozdnyakov, M. Schmitt,S. Stoynev, M. Velasco, S. Won
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
L. Antonelli, D. Berry, M. Hildreth, C. Jessop, D.J. Karmgard, J. Kolb, T. Kolberg, K. Lannon,W. Luo, S. Lynch, N. Marinelli, D.M. Morse, T. Pearson, R. Ruchti, J. Slaunwhite, N. Valls,J. Warchol, M. Wayne, J. Ziegler
The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
B. Bylsma, L.S. Durkin, J. Gu, C. Hill, P. Killewald, K. Kotov, T.Y. Ling, M. Rodenburg,G. Williams
Princeton University, Princeton, USA
N. Adam, E. Berry, P. Elmer, D. Gerbaudo, V. Halyo, P. Hebda, A. Hunt, J. Jones, E. Laird,D. Lopes Pegna, D. Marlow, T. Medvedeva, M. Mooney, J. Olsen, P. Pirou´e, X. Quan, H. Saka,D. Stickland, C. Tully, J.S. Werner, A. Zuranski
University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, USA
J.G. Acosta, X.T. Huang, A. Lopez, H. Mendez, S. Oliveros, J.E. Ramirez Vargas,A. Zatserklyaniy
Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
E. Alagoz, V.E. Barnes, G. Bolla, L. Borrello, D. Bortoletto, A. Everett, A.F. Garfinkel, Z. Gecse,L. Gutay, Z. Hu, M. Jones, O. Koybasi, A.T. Laasanen, N. Leonardo, C. Liu, V. Maroussov,P. Merkel, D.H. Miller, N. Neumeister, K. Potamianos, I. Shipsey, D. Silvers, A. Svyatkovskiy,H.D. Yoo, J. Zablocki, Y. Zheng
Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, USA
P. Jindal, N. Parashar
Rice University, Houston, USA
C. Boulahouache, V. Cuplov, K.M. Ecklund, F.J.M. Geurts, J.H. Liu, J. Morales, B.P. Padley,R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Zabel
University of Rochester, Rochester, USA
B. Betchart, A. Bodek, Y.S. Chung, R. Covarelli, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, Y. Eshaq, H. Flacher, A. Garcia-Bellido, P. Goldenzweig, Y. Gotra, J. Han, A. Harel, D.C. Miner, D. Orbaker,G. Petrillo, D. Vishnevskiy, M. Zielinski
The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
A. Bhatti, L. Demortier, K. Goulianos, G. Lungu, C. Mesropian, M. Yan
Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
O. Atramentov, A. Barker, D. Duggan, Y. Gershtein, R. Gray, E. Halkiadakis, D. Hidas, D. Hits,A. Lath, S. Panwalkar, R. Patel, A. Richards, K. Rose, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone,S. Thomas
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
G. Cerizza, M. Hollingsworth, S. Spanier, Z.C. Yang, A. York
Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
J. Asaadi, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, A. Gurrola, T. Kamon, V. Khotilovich, R. Montalvo,C.N. Nguyen, I. Osipenkov, J. Pivarski, A. Safonov, S. Sengupta, A. Tatarinov, D. Toback,M. Weinberger
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
N. Akchurin, C. Bardak, J. Damgov, C. Jeong, K. Kovitanggoon, S.W. Lee, P. Mane, Y. Roh,A. Sill, I. Volobouev, R. Wigmans, E. Yazgan
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
E. Appelt, E. Brownson, D. Engh, C. Florez, W. Gabella, W. Johns, P. Kurt, C. Maguire, A. Melo,P. Sheldon, J. Velkovska
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
M.W. Arenton, M. Balazs, S. Boutle, M. Buehler, S. Conetti, B. Cox, B. Francis, R. Hirosky,A. Ledovskoy, C. Lin, C. Neu, R. Yohay
Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
S. Gollapinni, R. Harr, P.E. Karchin, P. Lamichhane, M. Mattson, C. Milst`ene, A. Sakharov
University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA