Search for new phenomena in events with a photon and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s √ =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
EEUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)
CERN-PH-EP-2014-245
Submitted to: Phys. Rev. D
Search for new phenomena in events with a photon and missingtransverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with theATLAS detector
The ATLAS Collaboration
Abstract
Results of a search for new phenomena in events with an energetic photon and large missingtransverse momentum with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are reported. Data were collectedin proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and correspond to an integratedluminosity of 20.3 fb − . The observed data are well described by the expected Standard Modelbackgrounds. The expected (observed) upper limit on the fiducial cross section for the production ofevents with a photon and large missing transverse momentum is 6.1 (5.3) fb at 95% confidence level.Exclusion limits are presented on models of new phenomena with large extra spatial dimensions,supersymmetric quarks, and direct pair production of dark–matter candidates. c (cid:13) a r X i v : . [ h e p - e x ] O c t earch for new phenomena in events with a photon and missing transversemomentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector ATLAS Collaboration (Dated: October 7, 2015)Results of a search for new phenomena in events with an energetic photon and large missingtransverse momentum with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are reported. Data were collectedin proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and correspond to an integratedluminosity of 20.3 fb − . The observed data are well described by the expected Standard Modelbackgrounds. The expected (observed) upper limit on the fiducial cross section for the production ofevents with a photon and large missing transverse momentum is 6.1 (5.3) fb at 95% confidence level.Exclusion limits are presented on models of new phenomena with large extra spatial dimensions,supersymmetric quarks, and direct pair production of dark–matter candidates. PACS numbers: 13.85.Rm, 13.85.Qk, 14.70.Kv, 14.80.Rt
I. INTRODUCTION
Events that contain a high-momentum photon andlarge missing transverse momentum (referred to as γ + E missT ) constitute a low-background sample that providespowerful sensitivity to some models of new phenom-ena [1–7]. Theories with large extra spatial dimensions(LED), presence of dark–matter (DM), or supersymmet-ric partners of the quarks (squarks) in a compressed massspectrum scenario predict the production of γ + E missT events in pp collisions beyond Standard Model (SM) ex-pectations.The model of LED proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Di-mopoulos, and Dvali [8] (ADD) aims to solve the hier-archy problem by hypothesizing the existence of n addi-tional spatial dimensions of size R , leading to a new fun-damental scale M D related to the Planck mass, M Planck ,through M ≈ M R n . If these dimensions arecompactified, a series of massive graviton modes results.These gravitons may be invisible to the ATLAS detec-tor, but if the graviton is produced in association witha photon, the detector signature is a γ + E missT event, asillustrated in Fig. 1.Although the presence of DM is well established [9],its possible particle nature remains a mystery. A pop-ular candidate is a weakly interacting massive particle(WIMP) denoted χ , which has an interaction strengthwith SM particles at the level of the weak interaction.If the WIMPs interact with quarks via a heavy media-tor, they could be pair produced in collider events. The χ ¯ χ pair would be invisible, but γ + E missT events can beproduced via radiation of an initial-state photon in q ¯ qχ ¯ χ interactions [10].As observations so far do not provide strong con-straints on the nature of the WIMPs and the theoreticalframework to which they belong, it is particularly in-teresting to study model-independent effective field the-ories (EFT) with various forms of interaction between the WIMPs and the Standard Model particles [10]. Inthis framework, the mediator is effectively integrated outfrom the propagator and the production mechanism atthe LHC energy scale is considered as a contact interac-tion, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Several EFT operators forwhich the WIMP is a Dirac fermion are used as a repre-sentative set following the nomenclature of Ref. [10]: D5(vector), D8 (axial vector), and D9 (tensor). The inter-actions of SM and DM particles are described by two pa-rameters: the DM particle mass m χ and the suppressionscale ( M ∗ ) of the heavy mediator. In an ultraviolet com-plete theory, the contact interaction would be replacedby an interaction via an explicit mediator V ; the sup-pression scale is linked to the mediator mass m V by therelation M ∗ = m V / √ g f g χ , where g f and g χ representthe coupling factors of the mediator to SM particles andWIMPs, respectively. However, as the typical momen-tum transfer in LHC collisions can reach the scale of themicroscopic interaction, it is also crucial to probe spe-cific models that involve the explicit production of theintermediate state, as shown in Fig. 3. In this case, theinteraction is effectively described by four parameters: m χ , m V , the width of the mediator Γ, and the overallcoupling √ g f g χ . In this paper, both the EFT approachpresented in Ref. [10] and a specific model with a Z (cid:48) -likemediator [11] are considered.An alternative DM model hypothesizes interactions be-tween the WIMPs and SM gauge bosons [12]. The effec-tive coupling to different bosons is parametrized by thecoupling strengths k and k , which control the strengthof the coupling to the U(1) and SU(2) gauge sectors ofthe SM, respectively. In this model, dark–matter produc-tion proceeds via pp → γ + X → γχ ¯ χ + X (cid:48) , requiring noinitial-state radiation, as shown in Fig. 4. This model canalso be used to describe the peak observed in the Fermi-LAT data [13], allowing a direct comparison of Fermi andATLAS data in the same parameter space.Supersymmetry [14–22] postulates the existence of anew supersymmetric partner for each SM particle, differ-ing by half a unit of spin from, but with gauge couplingidentical to, those of their SM counterparts. Collisionsof protons could result in pair production of squarks, ˜ q ,which could decay to a SM quark and a neutralino ˜ χ ; theneutralino is assumed to be stable in R -parity-conservingmodels [23]. If the mass difference m ˜ q − m ˜ χ is small, theSM quarks would have very low momentum and wouldtherefore not be reconstructed as jets. Again, the radia-tion of a photon either from an initial-state quark or anintermediate squark would result in γ + E missT events, asshown in Fig. 5. q ¯ q γ γG FIG. 1. Graviton (G) production in models of large extradimensions. q ¯ q χ ¯ χγ FIG. 2. Production of pairs of dark–matter particles ( χ ¯ χ ) viaan effective four-fermion q ¯ qχ ¯ χ vertex. q(cid:22)q (cid:31)(cid:22)(cid:31)(cid:13) V FIG. 3. Production of pairs of dark–matter particles ( χ ¯ χ ) viaan explicit s -channel mediator, V. The ATLAS [6] and CMS [7] collaborations have re-ported limits on various models of new physics basedon searches for an excess in γ + E missT events using pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy √ s = 7 TeV. Thispaper reports the result of a search for new phenomenain γ + E missT events in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV.The paper is organized as follows. Section II gives abrief description of the ATLAS detector. Section III ex-plains the reconstruction of physics objects and Sec. IV q ¯ q γ γ χ ¯ χ FIG. 4. Production of pairs of dark–matter particles ( χ ¯ χ ) viaan effective γγχ ¯ χ vertex. q ¯ q γ ˜ χ ˜ χ q ¯ q ˜ q ˜ q ∗ FIG. 5. Pair production of squarks (˜ q ), followed by decayinto quarks and neutralinos ( ˜ χ ). The photon may also beradiated from the squarks or final-state quarks. describes the event selection applied. Section V describesthe signal and background Monte Carlo simulation sam-ples used. Section VI outlines how the SM backgroundsare estimated and discusses the systematic uncertaintieson the background estimation. Section VII describes theresults and their interpretation, and a summary is finallygiven in Sec. VIII. II. THE ATLAS DETECTOR
The ATLAS detector [24] is a multipurpose particlephysics apparatus with a forward-backward symmetriccylindrical geometry and near 4 π coverage in solid an-gle [25]. The inner tracking detector (ID) covers thepseudorapidity range | η | < | η | < | η | < | η | < < | η | < | η | = 4.9. The muon spectrometer (MS)surrounds the calorimeters. It consists of three largeair-core superconducting toroid systems, precision track-ing chambers providing accurate muon tracking out to | η | = 2.7, and additional detectors for triggering in theregion | η | < III. EVENT RECONSTRUCTION
Photons are reconstructed from clusters of energy de-posits in the electromagnetic calorimeter measured inprojective towers. Clusters without matching tracks areclassified as unconverted photon candidates. A photonis considered as a converted photon candidate if it ismatched to a pair of tracks that pass a TRT-hits require-ment and form a vertex in the ID which is consistent withcoming from a massless particle, or if it is matched to asingle track passing a TRT-hits requirement and havinga first hit after the innermost layer of the pixel detector[26]. The photon energy is corrected by applying the en-ergy scales measured with Z → e + e − decays and cross-checked with J/ψ → e + e − and Z → (cid:96)(cid:96)γ decays [27].Identification requirements are applied in order to re-duce the contamination of the photon sample from π or other neutral hadrons decaying to two photons. Thephoton identification is based on the profile of the energydeposit in the first and second layers of the electromag-netic calorimeter. Photons have to satisfy the tight iden-tification criteria of Ref. [28]. They are also required tobe isolated, i.e, the energy in the calorimeters in a coneof size ∆ R = (cid:112) (∆ η ) + (∆ φ ) = 0 . pp interactions in the same or neighboring bunch cross-ings superimposed on the hard physics process (referredto as pileup interactions) [29].Electrons are reconstructed from clusters in the elec-tromagnetic calorimeter matched to a track in the IDand criteria for their identification and calibration pro-cedure are similar to those used for photons. Electroncandidates must satisfy the medium++ identification re-quirement of Ref. [27]. Muons are identified either as acombined track in the MS and ID systems, or as an IDtrack that, once extrapolated to the MS, is associatedwith at least one track segment in the MS [30].Jets are reconstructed using the anti- k t algorithm [31,32] with a radius parameter R = 0.4 from calibrated clus-ters of energy deposits in the calorimeters. These clustersare seeded by calorimeter cells with energies significantlyabove the measured noise. The differences in calorime-ter response between electrons, photons and hadrons aretaken into account by classifying each cluster on the basisof its shape [33], prior to the jet reconstruction, as comingfrom an electromagnetic or hadronic shower. The jet en-ergy thus accounts for electromagnetic and hadronic en-ergy deposits at the cluster level with correction factorsderived from Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. A furthercorrection used to calibrate the jet energy to the scaleof its constituent particles [33, 34], is then applied. Jetsare required to have transverse momentum p T >
30 GeV, | η | < .
5, and a distance to the closest preselected elec-tron or photon of ∆
R > . E missT . The sym-bol E missT is used for its magnitude. Calorimeter energydeposits are associated with a reconstructed and iden-tified high- p T object in a specific order: electrons with p T >
10 GeV, photons with p T >
10 GeV, and jets with p T >
20 GeV. Deposits not associated with any suchobjects are also taken into account in the E missT calcu-lation [35] using an energy-flow algorithm that considerscalorimeter energy deposits as well as ID tracks [36]. IV. EVENT SELECTION
The data were collected in pp collisions at √ s = 8TeV. Events were selected using an E missT trigger that re-quires a missing transverse momentum greater than 80GeV [37]. Events selected using an e/γ trigger with athreshold of p T >
120 GeV are also used in some controlregions as described below [38]. Only data taken duringperiods when the calorimeters, ID and MS were well func-tioning are considered. The data used correspond to anintegrated luminosity of 20.3 fb − . Quality requirementsare applied to photon candidates in order to reject thosearising from instrumental problems. In addition, qualityrequirements are applied in order to remove jets arisingfrom detector noise and out-of-time energy deposits inthe calorimeter from cosmic rays or other noncollisionsources [39]. Events are required to have a reconstructedprimary vertex with at least five associated tracks; theprimary vertex is defined as the vertex with the highestsum of the squared transverse momenta of its associatedtracks.The criteria for selecting events in the signal region(SR) are optimized to have good acceptance for thesquark model and the dark–matter model with a Z (cid:48) -likemediator, described in Sec. I, as well as to suppress thebackground from SM processes. This signal region alsoprovides good sensitivity to the other models describedin Sec. I. Events in the SR are required to have E missT >
150 GeVand a photon with p γ T >
125 GeV and | η | < . E missT are notoverlapped in azimuth: ∆ φ ( γ, E missT ) > .
4. Events withmore than one jet or with a jet with ∆ φ (jet , E missT ) < . p T > | η | < . p T > | η | < . W/Z events with charged leptons in thefinal state. For events satisfying these criteria, the E missT trigger efficiency is 0 . ± .
01, as determined using eventsselected with the e/γ trigger. The final data sample con-tains 521 events, where 319 and 202 events have zero andone jet, respectively.
V. MONTE CARLO SIMULATION SAMPLES
Monte Carlo simulated samples are used to estimatethe signal acceptance, the detector efficiency and to helpin the estimation of the SM background contributions.Simulated signal samples for ADD models are gen-erated with
Pythia 8 [40] version 1.7.5 using theMSTW2008LO [41] parton distribution function (PDF)set. Simulations were run for two values (2 . . M D and with the numberof extra dimensions, n , varied from two to six.Simulated samples of dark–matter production pp → γ + χ ¯ χ + X via the qqχ ¯ χ interaction are generated us-ing Madgraph
Pythia 8 version 1.6.5 usingthe set of parameters optimized to describe the prop-erties of the events referred to as AU2 tune [43]; theMSTW2008LO PDFs are used. Values of m χ from 1 to1300 GeV are considered. In addition, simulated sam-ples of pp → γ + χ ¯ χ are produced using the simplifiedmodel with a Z (cid:48) -like mediator [11] using the same simula-tion programs as for the EFT samples. Vector and axial-vector couplings are both considered. For each value ofthe mediator mass m V , two different values of the medi-ator width are simulated: Γ = m V / π and Γ = m V / m V / pp → γ + χ ¯ χ + X are also produced viathe γγχ ¯ χ interaction model [12] with a fermionic WIMP.These samples are generated with Madgraph k and k .Simulated samples of pp → ˜ q ˜ q ∗ γ + X → q ¯ qγ + ˜ χ ˜ χ + X are generated with Madgraph
Pythia p γ T >
80 GeV and | η | < .
5. Only the first two gener-ations of squarks are considered, and they are assumedto be degenerate in mass. Signal cross sections are calcu-lated to next-to-leading order in the strong coupling con-stant including the resummation of soft gluon emission atnext-to-leading-logarithm accuracy when available [46–50]. The nominal cross section and its uncertainty aretaken from an envelope of cross-section predictions usingdifferent PDF sets and factorization and renormalizationscales, as described in Ref. [51]. Simulated samples of Zγ and W γ events are generatedwith
Sherpa version 1.4.1 [52], with parton-level require-ments of p γ T >
70 GeV and p γ T >
80 GeV, respectively,and dilepton invariant mass m (cid:96)(cid:96) >
40 GeV. A sampleof simulated γ + jet events is generated with Pythia 8 version 1.6.5. The
W/Z +jet processes are also simulatedusing
Sherpa version 1.4.1 with massive b/c quarks.Diboson samples are generated with
Herwig [53, 54]version 6.520, the single-top samples with
MC@NLO [55, 56] version 4.06 for s -channel and W t production,and
AcerMC [57] version 3.8 for t -channel production.Simulated samples of top-quark pair production are gen-erated with Powheg [58] version r2129.
Herwig version 6.520 is used for simulating the par-ton shower and fragmentation processes in combina-tion with
Jimmy [59] for underlying-event simulationfor the
MC@NLO samples, while
Pythia
Powheg and
AcerMC sam-ples. The proton PDFs used are CTEQ6L1 [45] for the
Pythia 8 and
AcerMC samples, and CT10 [60] for the
MC@NLO , Sherpa , and
Powheg samples. The AT-LAS underlying-event tune AUET2 [43] is used, exceptfor the t ¯ t sample, which uses the new Perugia 2011C tune[61]. Sherpa uses its own parton shower, fragmentationand underlying-event model.Differing pileup conditions as a function of the in-stantaneous luminosity are taken into account by over-laying simulated minimum-bias events generated with
Pythia 8 onto the hard-scattering process and reweight-ing their number according to the observed distributionof the average number of interactions per beam crossing.The simulated samples are processed either with a fullATLAS detector simulation [62] based on GEANT4 [63]or a fast simulation based on the parametrization of theresponse to the electromagnetic and hadronic showers inthe ATLAS calorimeters [64] and a simulation of the trig-ger system. The results based on fast simulation are val-idated against fully simulated samples. The simulatedevents are reconstructed and analyzed with the sameanalysis chain as for the data, using the same triggerand event selection criteria discussed in Sec. IV.
VI. BACKGROUND ESTIMATION
The SM background to the γ + E missT final state is dom-inated by the Z ( → νν ) + γ process, where the photonis due to initial-state radiation. Secondary contributionscome from W γ and Zγ production with unidentified elec-trons, muons or hadronically decaying τ leptons, or W/Z production where a lepton or an associated radiated jet ismisidentified as a photon. In addition, there are smallercontributions from top-quark pair, diboson, γ +jet andmultijet production. A. Zγ and W γ backgrounds
The E missT distribution of events due to Zγ and W γ backgrounds is described using simulated samples, whilethe normalization is obtained via a likelihood fit toobserved yields in several control regions (CRs), con-structed to be enriched in specific backgrounds. Poissonlikelihood functions are used for event counts in all re-gions; the systematic uncertainties described in Sec. VI Eare treated as Gaussian-distributed nuisance parametersin the likelihood function. Key ingredients of the fit arethe normalization scale factors for the
W γ and Zγ pro-cesses, which enable observations in the CRs to constrainbackground estimates in the SR. The same normalizationfactor is used for Z ( νν ) + γ , Z ( µµ ) + γ , and Z ( ee ) + γ events.Three control regions are defined by inverting leptonvetoes. In the first control region, the W γ contribution isenhanced by requiring the presence of a muon. The sec-ond (third) control region enhances the Zγ backgroundby requiring the presence of a pair of muons (electrons).In the muon control region, in order to ensure that the E missT spectrum is similar to the one in the signal region,muons are treated as invisible particles in the E missT cal-culation. The same procedure is followed for electrons inthe electron control region. In each case, the CR leptonselection follows the same requirements as the SR leptonveto with the additional requirements that the leptonmust be associated with an ID isolated track and that∆ R ( (cid:96), γ ) > .
5. In addition, the photon pseudorapid-ity requirement is relaxed with respect to the SR selec-tion: | η | < .
37, excluding the calorimeter barrel/end-cap transition region 1 . < | η | < .
52, to increase thenumber of events in the CR. In both the Zγ -enrichedcontrol regions, the dilepton mass m (cid:96)(cid:96) is required to begreater than 50 GeV. The normalization of the domi-nant Zγ background process is largely constrained by theevent yields in the two Z ( (cid:96)(cid:96) ) + γ control regions. Theresults are cross-checked using the transfer-factor tech-nique employed in the previous ATLAS analysis of the γ + E missT final state [6]; the two methods give consistentresults. B. Fake photons from misidentified electrons
Contributions from processes in which an electron ismisidentified as a photon are estimated by scaling yieldsfrom a sample of e + E missT events by an electron-to-photonmisidentification factor. This factor is measured in mu-tually exclusive samples of e + e − and γ + e events. Toestablish a pure sample of electrons, m ee and m eγ areboth required to be consistent with the Z boson mass,and the multijet background estimated from sidebands issubtracted. The misidentification factor is parametrizedas a function of p T in three pseudorapidity bins. Similar estimates are made for the three control regions with lep-tons, scaling event yields from samples matching the con-trol region requirements, but requiring an electron ratherthan a photon. C. Fake photons from misidentified jets
Background contributions from events in which a jetis misidentified as a photon are estimated from samplesof γ + E missT events where the photon does not fulfill theisolation requirement. The yield in this sample is scaledby a jet-to-photon misidentification factor, after subtrac-tion of the contribution from real photons. The jet-to-photon misidentification factor is measured in samplesenriched in jets, selected by inverting some photon iden-tification criteria, and is determined from the ratio of iso-lated jets to nonisolated jets. This estimate also accountsfor the contribution from multijets, which can mimic themonophoton signature if one jet is misreconstructed asa photon and one or more of the other jets are poorlyreconstructed, resulting in large fake E missT . The multijetbackground is found to be negligible in the SR. D. γ + jet background The γ + jet background in the signal region consists ofevents where the jet is poorly reconstructed and partiallylost, creating fake E missT . Despite the large productionrate, this process is only a minor source of background asit is suppressed by the large E missT and the large jet– E missT separation requirements in the SR. This background isestimated from MC simulation and is cross-checked witha data-driven estimate, which gives a result in agreementwith the MC simulation, but is limited by a large sta-tistical uncertainty. The data-driven estimate is derivedfrom a control region defined by requiring all the selec-tion criteria of the SR but reversing the ∆ φ (jet , E missT ) re-quirement, thereby selecting poorly reconstructed eventsin which the jet is aligned with the E missT . Simulatedsamples are used to estimate and subtract electroweakbackgrounds coming from W/Z + jet and
Z/W + γ pro-cesses. As events with a jet with p T >
30 GeV that isnot well separated from E missT are vetoed in the SR se-lection, the γ + jet and multijet contribution in the SR isthen estimated with a linear extrapolation of the jet p T spectrum in this CR to the p T <
30 GeV region.
E. Final estimation and systematic uncertainties
Background estimates in the SR are first derived froma fit using only data from the lepton CRs, in order to as-sess whether the observed SR yield is consistent with thebackground model. The values of the normalization fac-tors for the
W γ and Zγ backgrounds obtained from thefit to the CRs are k W γ = 0 . ± . . ) ± . . )and k Zγ = 0 . ± . . ) ± . . ), where the sys-tematic error takes into account the various sources ofsystematic uncertainties described below. Distributionsof the missing transverse momentum in the three controlregions are shown in Figs. 6–8.The techniques used for the background estimationare checked in a validation region, where events are se-lected with the same criteria as used for the signal re-gion, except for a lower E missT (110–150 GeV) and alarger photon pseudorapidity range ( | η | < .
37, ex-cluding the calorimeter barrel/end-cap transition region1 . < | η | < .
52) to increase the statistical power. Tosuppress the background from γ + jet events and fromfake photons to a level similar to that in the SR, a re-quirement on the azimuthal separation between the pho-ton and the jet – when there is a jet in the event – isapplied: ∆ φ ( γ, jet) < .
7. To minimize the contami-nation of this region by signal events, a requirement onthe azimuthal separation between the photon and E missT is added: ∆ φ ( γ, E missT ) < .
0. The number of eventsin the data in this region is 307 and the estimated totalbackground, obtained from the background-only fit to thecontrol regions, is 272 ± ±
14, resulting in agreementbetween the data and expectation within 2 σ . Detailedresults are shown in Table I; systematic uncertainties arecomputed as described below for the SR.Systematic uncertainties on the background predic-tions in the signal region are presented here as percent-ages of the total background prediction. This predictionis obtained from the CR fit, which provides constraintson many of the sources of systematic uncertainty. Thedominant contribution is due to the uncertainty on theelectron fake rate, which contributes a 4.6% relative un-certainty, and to the reconstruction and identification ef-ficiency corrections applied to electrons and muons inMC simulation, which contribute 1.3% and 0.7% relativeuncertainty, respectively. The uncertainty on the abso-lute electron/photon energy scale translates into a 0.6%relative uncertainty on the total background prediction.Uncertainties in the simulation of the electron/photonenergy resolution, isolation, and identification efficiencycontribute a relative uncertainty of 0.1% on the totalpredicted background. The uncertainty on the absolutejet energy scale [34] and the jet energy resolution [65]contribute 0.1% and 0.5% relative uncertainties, respec-tively. Uncertainties on the scale and resolution of thecalorimeter energy deposits not associated with high- p T physics objects affect the calculation of the E missT andgenerate an uncertainty of 0.3% on the background pre-diction. Uncertainties on the PDF are evaluated by fol-lowing, for the CT10 and MSTW2008LO PDF sets, thePDF4LHC recommendations [66]. The Hessian methodis used to obtain asymmetric uncertainties at 68% con-
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 E v en t s / G e V Data ) ν l → +W( γ W/Z+jet,top,dibosonll) → +Z( γ +jet γ uncertainty ATLAS = 8 TeVs L dt = 20.3 fb ∫ [GeV] missT E150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 D a t a / B k g FIG. 6. Distribution of E missT in the data and for the ex-pected background in the single-muon control region. Thetotal background expectation is normalized to the observednumber of events in this control region. The dashed band in-cludes statistical and systematic uncertainties. Overflows areincluded in the final bin. The lower part of the figure showsthe ratios of data to expected-background event yields. fidence level (C.L.). In addition, to obtain inter-PDFuncertainties, the results are then compared with thoseobtained with the NNPDF set. Renormalization and fac-torization scale uncertainties are also taken into accountby increasing and decreasing the scales used in the MCgenerators by a factor of 2. PDF and scale uncertain-ties contribute 0.7% to the background prediction uncer-tainty. After the fit, the uncertainty on the jet energyscale due to corrections for pileup, and the uncertaintieson the trigger efficiency and luminosity [67], are found tohave a negligible impact on the background estimation.The final total background prediction systematic uncer-tainty is about 5%, while the statistical uncertainty isabout 6%. VII. RESULTS
Table I presents the observed number of events andthe SM background predictions obtained from a fit tothe CRs. The E missT distribution in the SR is shown inFig. 9.As the 521 events observed in data are well describedby the SM background prediction of 557 ± ±
27, theresults are interpreted in terms of exclusions on modelsthat would produce an excess of γ + E missT events. Upperbounds are calculated using a one-sided profile likelihoodratio and the CL S technique [68, 69], evaluated using theasymptotic approximation [70], making use of data in theCRs as well as in the SR.The most model-independent limits provided are thoseon the fiducial cross section of a potential new physicsprocess, σ × A , where σ is the cross section and A is the
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 E v en t s / G e V Data ll) → +Z( γ W/Z+jet,top,diboson) ν l → +W( γ +jet γ uncertainty ATLAS = 8 TeVs L dt = 20.3 fb ∫ [GeV] missT E150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 D a t a / B k g FIG. 7. Distribution of E missT in the data and for the expectedbackground in the two-muon control region. The total back-ground expectation is normalized to the observed number ofevents in this control region. The dashed band includes sta-tistical and systematic uncertainties. Overflows are includedin the final bin. The lower part of the figure shows the ratiosof data to expected-background event yields.
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 E v en t s / G e V Data ll) → +Z( γ W/Z+jet,top,diboson) ν l → +W( γ +jet γ uncertainty ATLAS = 8 TeVs L dt = 20.3 fb ∫ [GeV] missT E150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 D a t a / B k g FIG. 8. Distribution of E missT in the data and for the ex-pected background in the two-electron control region. Thetotal background expectation is normalized to the observednumber of events in this control region. The dashed band in-cludes statistical and systematic uncertainties. Overflows areincluded in the final bin. The lower part of the figure showsthe ratios of data to expected-background event yields. fiducial acceptance. The latter is defined using a selectionidentical to that defining the signal region but applied atparticle level, where the particle-level E missT is the vectorsum of invisible particle momenta. The limit on σ × A isderived from a limit on the visible cross section σ × A × (cid:15) ,where (cid:15) is the fiducial reconstruction efficiency. A con-servative estimate (cid:15) = 69% is computed using ADD andWIMP samples with no quark/gluon produced from themain interaction vertex. The expected (observed) upperlimit on the fiducial cross section is 6.1 (5.3) fb at 95%C.L. and 5.1 (4.4) fb at 90% C.L. These limits are appli- TABLE I. Observed event yield compared to predicted eventyield from SM backgrounds in the SR and the validation re-gion (VR), using estimates and uncertainties obtained froma fit in the control regions. Uncertainties are statistical fol-lowed by systematic. In the case of the γ +jet process a globaluncertainty is quoted.Process Event yield (SR) Event yield (VR) Z ( → νν ) + γ ± ±
10 153 ± ± W ( → (cid:96)ν ) + γ . ± . ± . ± ± W/Z + jet , t ¯ t, diboson 83 ± ±
28 47 ± ± Z ( → (cid:96)(cid:96) ) + γ . ± . ± . . ± . ± . γ + jet 0 . +0 . − . . +4 . − . Total background 557 ± ±
27 272 ± ±
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 E v en t s / G e V Data ) νν→ +Z( γ ) ν l → +W( γ W/Z+jet,top,dibosonll) → +Z( γ +jet γ uncertainty ATLAS = 8 TeVs L dt = 20.3 fb ∫ [GeV] missT E150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 D a t a / B k g FIG. 9. Distribution of E missT in the signal region for dataand for the background predicted from the fit in the CRs. Thedashed band includes statistical and systematic uncertainties.Overflows are included in the final bin. The lower part of thefigure shows the ratios of data to expected-background eventyields. cable to any model that produces γ + E missT events in thefiducial region and has similar reconstruction efficiency (cid:15) . For limits on specific models, the impact of systematicuncertainties on signal samples is evaluated separatelyfor A × (cid:15) [PDF, scale, initial-state radiation (ISR), andfinal-state radiation (FSR) uncertainties] and the crosssection σ (PDF and scale uncertainties). Only uncer-tainties affecting A × (cid:15) are included in the statisticalanalysis; uncertainties affecting the cross section are in-dicated as bands on observed limits and written as σ theo .For the EFT and simplified-model DM samples, scaleuncertainties are evaluated by varying the renormaliza-tion, factorization and matching scales in Madgraph by a factor of 2. For the ADD samples, the
Pythia8 renormalization and factorization scale parameters arevaried independently to 0 . .
0. For these samples,the ISR and FSR signal uncertainties are assessed byvarying the
Pythia 8 parameters, as done in Ref. [71].For the squark model described in Sec. I, systematic un-certainties arising from the treatment of ISR/FSR arestudied with MC event samples by varying the value of α s ; the renormalization and factorization scales and the Madgraph / Pythia matching parameter are also variedto estimate the related uncertainties. Radiation uncer-tainties are typically less than 10%, PDF uncertaintiesless than 30%, and scale uncertainties less than 20%.Limits on dark–matter production are derived from thecross-section limits at a given WIMP mass m χ , and ex-pressed as 90% C.L. limits on the suppression scale M ∗ ,for the D5 (Fig. 10), D8 (Fig. 11), and D9 (Fig. 12) op-erators. Values of M ∗ up to 760, 760, and 1010 GeV areexcluded for the D5, D8, and D9 operators, respectively.As already mentioned, the effective field theory model be-comes a poor approximation when the momentum trans-ferred in the interaction, Q tr , is comparable to the massof the intermediate state m V = M ∗ √ g f g χ [10, 72]. Inorder to illustrate the sensitivity to the unknown ultravi-olet completion of the theory, limits computed retainingonly simulated events with Q tr < m V are also shown,for a value of the coupling √ g f g χ equal to either unityor the maximum value (4 π ) that allows the perturbativeapproach to be valid. This procedure is referred to astruncation. As can be seen in Figs. 10–12, the truncatedlimits nearly overlap with the nontruncated limits for a4 π coupling. For unit coupling, the truncated limits areless stringent than the nontruncated limits at low m χ ,and the analysis loses sensitivity for m χ >
100 (200) GeVfor the D5 and D8 (D9) operators. In this case, for theD5 and D8 operators, as no sample was generated be-tween m χ = 50 GeV and m χ = 100 GeV, the limit isonly shown up to m χ = 50 GeV; for the D9 operator,as no sample was generated between m χ = 100 GeV and m χ = 200 GeV, the limit is only shown up to m χ = 100GeV. These lower limits on M ∗ can be translated into up-per limits on the WIMP–nucleon interaction cross sectionas a function of m χ using Eqs. (4) and (5) of Ref. [10].Results are shown in Fig. 13 for spin-independent (D5)and spin-dependent (D8, D9) χ –nucleon interactions andare compared to measurements from various DM searchexperiments [73–85]. The search for dark–matter pairproduction in association with a γ at the LHC extendsthe limits on the χ –nucleon scattering cross section intothe low-mass region m χ <
10 GeV where the astropar-ticle experiments have less sensitivity due to the verylow-energy recoils such low-mass DM particles would in-duce.Simplified models with explicit mediators are ultravi-olet complete and therefore robust for all values of Q tr .For the simplified Z (cid:48) -like model with vector interactionsand mediator width Γ = m V /
3, Fig. 14 shows the 95%C.L. limits on the coupling parameter √ g f g χ calculatedfor various values of the WIMP and mediator particlemasses, and compared to the lower limit resulting fromthe relic DM abundance [86]. In the region above the [GeV] χ m [ G e V ] * M % C L li m i t on ) theo σ ± observed limit (expected limit σ ± expected σ ± expected truncated, coupling=1truncated, max coupling ATLAS
EFT model, D5 operator = 8 TeV,s Ldt = 20.3 fb ∫ FIG. 10. Limits at 90% C.L. on the EFT suppression scale M ∗ as a function of the WIMP mass m χ , for the vector operatorD5. Results where EFT truncation is applied (see text) arealso shown, assuming coupling values √ g f g χ = 1 , π . [GeV] χ m [ G e V ] * M % C L li m i t on ) theo σ ± observed limit (expected limit σ ± expected σ ± expected truncated, coupling=1truncated, max coupling ATLAS
EFT model, D8 operator = 8 TeV,s Ldt = 20.3 fb ∫ FIG. 11. Limits at 90% C.L. on the EFT suppression scale M ∗ as a function of the WIMP mass m χ , for the axial-vectoroperator D8. Results where EFT truncation has been applied(see text) are also shown, assuming coupling values √ g f g χ =1 , π . dashed line, the lower limits on the coupling resultingfrom the relic abundance of DM are higher than the up-per limits found in this analysis. Figures 15 and 16 show,for vector and axial-vector interactions and different val-ues of the WIMP mass, the corresponding 95% C.L. lim-its on the suppression scale M ∗ as a function of m V . Onecan note how, when the mediator mass is greater than theLHC reach, the EFT model provides a good approxima-tion of the simplified model with M ∗ = m V / √ g f g χ . Thetruncation procedure is applied when computing the EFTlimits; these limits are always more conservative thanthose from the simplified model as long as m V is greaterthan or equal to the value used for EFT truncation. Thiscan be seen by comparing the M ∗ limits derived from theEFT approach using truncation (Figs. 10 and 11) to those [GeV] χ m [ G e V ] * M % C L li m i t on ) theo σ ± observed limit (expected limit σ ± expected σ ± expected truncated, coupling=1truncated, max coupling ATLAS
EFT model, D9 operator = 8 TeV,s Ldt = 20.3 fb ∫ FIG. 12. Limits at 90% C.L. on the EFT suppression scale M ∗ as a function of the WIMP mass m χ , for the tensor operatorD9. Results where EFT truncation is applied (see text) arealso shown, assuming coupling values √ g f g χ = 1 , π . of the simplified model, recalling m V = M ∗ √ g f g χ .In the case of the model of γγχ ¯ χ interactions with an s -channel SM gauge boson, inspired by the line near 130GeV in the Fermi-LAT γ -ray spectrum, limits are placedon the effective mass scale M ∗ in the ( k , k ) parameterplane, as shown in Fig. 17. The exclusion line is drawnby considering the value of M ∗ needed to generate the χ ¯ χ → γγ annihilation rate consistent with the observedFermi-LAT γ -ray line near 130 GeV. This model is ableto provide an effective constraint on the portion of theparameter space of the theory compatible with the Fermi-LAT peak.In the ADD model of LED, limits on M D for variousvalues of n are provided in Fig. 18. Results incorporatingtruncation are also shown, for which the graviton produc-tion cross section is suppressed by a factor M / ˆ s , where √ ˆ s is the parton–parton center-of-mass energy. The anal-ysis is able to exclude M D up to 2.17 TeV, depending onthe number of extra dimensions. The effect of truncationis larger for higher n as the graviton mass distribution ispushed to higher values.In the case of squark pair production, limits on σ ( pp → ˜ q ˜ q ∗ γ + X ) as a function of m ˜ q and m ˜ q − m ˜ χ arepresented in Fig. 19. The limit is presented down to m ˜ q − m ˜ χ = m c , below which the decay of the ˜ c → c ˜ χ is off shell and not considered here. For very compressedspectra, the analysis is able to exclude squark masses upto 250 GeV. Some models of first- and second-generationsquark pair production are also explored in Ref. [87]; theresult presented here is complementary in that it probesvery compressed spectra. Due to the reduced hadronicactivity, the acceptance of the γ + E missT selection indeedincreases as the mass difference between the squarks andthe neutralino decreases, leading to an increased sensi-tivity to squark mass with decreasing mass difference.0 [GeV] χ m1 10 -44 -40 -36 -32 -28 COUPP 90%CLSIMPLE 90%CLPICASSO 90%CLSuper-K 90%CL 90%CL - W + IceCube W 90%CL π D9: ATLAS 8TeV g=4D9: ATLAS 8TeV g=1 90%CL 90%CL π D8: ATLAS 8TeV g=4D8: ATLAS 8TeV g=1 90%CL) χχ ( γ D9: ATLAS 7TeV ) χχ ( γ D8: ATLAS 7TeV = 8 TeVs -1 L dt = 20.3 fb ∫ spin-dependent [GeV] χ m1 10 ] - N c r o ss - s e c t i on [ c m χ -44 -40 -36 -32 -28 π D5: ATLAS 8TeV g=4D5: ATLAS 8TeV g=1 90%CL) χχ ( γ D5: ATLAS 7TeV σ DAMA/LIBRA, 3 σ CRESST II, 2CoGeNT, 99%CL σ CDMS, 1 σ CDMS, 2 CDMS, low massLUX 2013 90%CL Xenon100 90%CL spin-independent
ATLAS
FIG. 13. Upper limits at 90% C.L. on the WIMP–nucleon ( χ -N) scattering cross section as a function of m χ for spin-independent (left) and spin-dependent (right) interactions, for a coupling strength g = √ g f g χ of unity or the maximum value(4 π ) that keeps the model within its perturbative regime. The truncation procedure is applied for both cases. The resultsobtained from ATLAS with 7 TeV data for the same channel are shown for comparison. Also shown are results from variousdark–matter search experiments [73–85]. χ g f g95 % C L uppe r li m i t on χ m [ G e V ] V m χ g f g95 % C L uppe r li m i t on Excluded w.r.t. thermal relic contours χ g f g Ldt=20.3 fb ∫ =8 TeV, s ATLAS
FIG. 14. Upper limits at 95% C.L. on the WIMP simplified–model coupling parameter, √ g f g χ , with vector coupling andmediator width Γ = m V /
3, as a function of the WIMP ( m χ )and the mediator particle ( m V ) masses. Solid lines indicatecontours in the coupling parameter. The lower limit on thecoupling resulting from the relic abundance of DM is alsoshown. [TeV] V m
10 1 10 [ T e V ] * % C L li m i t on M π ATLAS Ldt=20.3 fb ∫ =8 TeV, svector coupling =50 GeV χ m=400 GeV χ m /3 V =m Γ =50 GeV, χ m π /8 V =m Γ =50 GeV, χ m /3 V =m Γ =400 GeV, χ m π /8 V =m Γ =400 GeV, χ m contours χ g f gEFT D5 limits FIG. 15. Observed lower limits at 95% C.L. on the EFTsuppression scale M ∗ as a function of the mediator mass m V , for a Z (cid:48) –like mediator with vector interactions. For adark–matter mass m χ of 50 or 400 GeV, results are shownfor different values of the mediator total decay width Γ andcompared to the EFT observed limit results for a D5 (vec-tor) interaction. M ∗ vs m V contours for an overall coupling √ g f g χ = 0 . , . , . , , , , π are also shown. The corre-sponding limits from the D5 operator are shown as a dashedline. [TeV] V m
10 1 10 [ T e V ] * % C L li m i t on M π ATLAS Ldt=20.3 fb ∫ =8 TeV, saxial vector coupling =50 GeV χ m=400 GeV χ m /3 V =m Γ =50 GeV, χ m π /8 V =m Γ =50 GeV, χ m /3 V =m Γ =400 GeV, χ m π /8 V =m Γ =400 GeV, χ m contours χ g f gEFT D8 limits FIG. 16. Observed limits at 95% C.L. on the EFT sup-pression scale M ∗ as a function of the mediator mass m V ,for a Z (cid:48) –like mediator with axial-vector interactions. For adark–matter mass m χ of 50 or 400 GeV, results are shownfor different values of the mediator total decay width Γ andcompared to the EFT observed limit results for a D8 (axial-vector) interaction. M ∗ vs m V contours for an overall cou-pling √ g f g χ = 0 . , . , . , , , , π are also shown. Thecorresponding limits from the D8 operator are shown as adashed line. k0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 k ATLAS s channel EFT model = 8 TeVs Ldt = 20.3 fb ∫ ) theo σ ± Observed limit ( ) exp σ ± Expected limit (Excluded region [ G e V ] * N u m be r s g i v e % C L e xc l uded M FIG. 17. Limits at 95% C.L. on the effective mass scale M ∗ in the ( k , k ) parameter plane for the s -channel EFT modelinspired by Fermi-LAT γ -ray line, for m χ = 130 GeV. Theupper part of the plane is excluded. Number of Extra Dimensions l o w e r li m i t [ T e V ] D M expected limit σ ± expected σ ± expected ) theo σ ± observed limit (observed truncated limit ATLAS
ADD model, 95% CL limit = 8 TeV,s Ldt = 20.3 fb ∫ FIG. 18. Lower limits at 95% C.L. on the mass scale M D inthe ADD models of large extra dimensions, for several valuesof the number of extra dimensions. The expected and ob-served limits are shown, along with the limit obtained afterapplying truncation. [GeV] q~ m
100 150 200 250 300 [ G e V ] χ∼ m q ~ m ATLAS = 8 TeV,s Ldt = 20.3 fb ∫ ) theo σ ± Observed limit ( ) exp σ ± Expected limit ( N u m be r s g i v e % C L e xc l uded c r o ss s e c t i on [f b ] FIG. 19. Upper limits at 95% C.L. on the cross section for thecompressed squark model, as a function of the squark mass, m ˜ q , and of the difference between the squark mass and themass of the neutralino, m ˜ q − m ˜ χ , in the compressed region of m ˜ q − m ˜ χ <
50 GeV. The observed (solid line) and expected(dashed line) upper limits from this analysis are shown; theupper limit on the cross section (in fb) is indicated for eachmodel point. VIII. SUMMARY
Results are reported from a search for new phenomenain events with a high- p T photon and large missing trans-verse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV at theLHC, using ATLAS data corresponding to an integratedluminosity of 20.3 fb − . The observed data are in agree-ment with the SM background prediction. The expected(observed) upper limits on the fiducial cross section σ × A are 6.1 (5.3) fb at 95% C.L. and 5.1 (4.4) fb at 90% C.L.In addition, limits are placed on parameters of theoriesof large extra dimensions, WIMP dark–matter, and su-persymmetric quarks. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank CERN for the very successful operation ofthe LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutionswithout whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina;YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF,Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPqand FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada;CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC,China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPOCR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRCand Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERCand NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG,HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRTand NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE andBenoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS,Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands;BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland;GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESof Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR;MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZˇS, Slove-nia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRCand Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF andCantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Tai-wan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Lev-erhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, UnitedStates of America.The crucial computing support from all WLCG part-ners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular fromCERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF(Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Tai-wan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 fa-cilities worldwide. 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Hamano , M. Hamer , A. Hamilton , S. Hamilton , G.N. Hamity , P.G. Hamnett ,L. Han , K. Hanagaki , K. Hanawa , M. Hance , P. Hanke , R. Hanna , J.B. Hansen , J.D. Hansen ,P.H. Hansen , K. Hara , A.S. Hard , T. Harenberg , F. Hariri , S. Harkusha , R.D. Harrington ,P.F. Harrison , F. Hartjes , M. Hasegawa , S. Hasegawa , Y. Hasegawa , A. Hasib , S. Hassani ,S. Haug , M. Hauschild , R. Hauser , M. Havranek , C.M. Hawkes , R.J. Hawkings , A.D. Hawkins ,T. Hayashi , D. Hayden , C.P. Hays , J.M. Hays , H.S. Hayward , S.J. Haywood , S.J. Head , T. Heck ,V. Hedberg , L. Heelan , S. Heim , T. Heim , B. Heinemann , L. Heinrich , J. Hejbal , L. Helary ,M. Heller , S. Hellman , , D. Hellmich , C. Helsens , J. Henderson , R.C.W. Henderson , Y. Heng ,C. Hengler , A. Henrichs , A.M. Henriques Correia , S. Henrot-Versille , G.H. Herbert ,Y. Hern´andez Jim´enez , R. Herrberg-Schubert , G. Herten , R. Hertenberger , L. Hervas , G.G. Hesketh ,N.P. Hessey , R. Hickling , E. Hig´on-Rodriguez , E. Hill , J.C. Hill , K.H. Hiller , S.J. Hillier ,I. Hinchliffe , E. Hines , M. Hirose , D. Hirschbuehl , J. Hobbs , N. Hod , M.C. Hodgkinson ,P. Hodgson , A. Hoecker , M.R. Hoeferkamp , F. Hoenig , D. Hoffmann , M. Hohlfeld , T.R. Holmes ,T.M. Hong , L. Hooft van Huysduynen , W.H. Hopkins , Y. Horii , A.J. Horton , J-Y. Hostachy ,S. Hou , A. Hoummada , J. Howard , J. Howarth , M. Hrabovsky , I. Hristova , J. Hrivnac ,T. Hryn’ova , A. Hrynevich , C. Hsu , P.J. Hsu , S.-C. Hsu , D. Hu , X. Hu , Y. Huang , Z. Hubacek ,F. Hubaut , F. Huegging , T.B. Huffman , E.W. Hughes , G. Hughes , M. Huhtinen , T.A. H¨ulsing ,M. Hurwitz , N. Huseynov ,b , J. Huston , J. Huth , G. Iacobucci , G. Iakovidis , I. Ibragimov ,L. Iconomidou-Fayard , E. Ideal , Z. Idrissi , P. Iengo , O. Igonkina , T. Iizawa , Y. Ikegami ,K. Ikematsu , M. Ikeno , Y. Ilchenko ,o , D. Iliadis , N. Ilic , Y. Inamaru , T. Ince , P. Ioannou ,8M. Iodice , K. Iordanidou , V. Ippolito , A. Irles Quiles , C. Isaksson , M. Ishino , M. Ishitsuka ,R. Ishmukhametov , C. Issever , S. Istin , J.M. Iturbe Ponce , R. Iuppa , , J. Ivarsson , W. Iwanski ,H. Iwasaki , J.M. Izen , V. Izzo , B. Jackson , M. Jackson , P. Jackson , M.R. Jaekel , V. Jain ,K. Jakobs , S. Jakobsen , T. Jakoubek , J. Jakubek , D.O. Jamin , D.K. Jana , E. Jansen , J. Janssen ,M. Janus , G. Jarlskog , N. Javadov ,b , T. Jav˚urek , L. Jeanty , J. Jejelava ,p , G.-Y. Jeng , D. Jennens ,P. Jenni ,q , J. Jentzsch , C. Jeske , S. J´ez´equel , H. Ji , J. Jia , Y. Jiang , M. Jimenez Belenguer ,S. Jin , A. Jinaru , O. Jinnouchi , M.D. Joergensen , P. Johansson , K.A. Johns , K. Jon-And , ,G. Jones , R.W.L. Jones , T.J. Jones , J. Jongmanns , P.M. Jorge , , K.D. Joshi , J. Jovicevic ,X. Ju , C.A. Jung , P. Jussel , A. Juste Rozas ,n , M. Kaci , A. Kaczmarska , M. Kado , H. Kagan ,M. Kagan , E. Kajomovitz , C.W. Kalderon , S. Kama , A. Kamenshchikov , N. Kanaya , M. Kaneda ,S. Kaneti , V.A. Kantserov , J. Kanzaki , B. Kaplan , A. Kapliy , D. Kar , K. Karakostas ,A. Karamaoun , N. Karastathis , M.J. Kareem , M. Karnevskiy , S.N. Karpov , Z.M. Karpova ,K. Karthik , V. Kartvelishvili , A.N. Karyukhin , L. Kashif , G. Kasieczka , R.D. Kass , A. Kastanas ,Y. Kataoka , A. Katre , J. Katzy , V. Kaushik , K. Kawagoe , T. Kawamoto , G. Kawamura ,S. Kazama , V.F. Kazanin , M.Y. Kazarinov , R. Keeler , R. Kehoe , M. Keil , J.S. Keller ,J.J. Kempster , H. Keoshkerian , O. Kepka , B.P. Kerˇsevan , S. Kersten , K. Kessoku , J. Keung ,R.A. Keyes , F. Khalil-zada , H. Khandanyan , , A. Khanov , A. Kharlamov , A. Khodinov ,A. Khomich , T.J. Khoo , G. Khoriauli , V. Khovanskiy , E. Khramov , J. Khubua , H.Y. Kim ,H. Kim , , S.H. Kim , N. Kimura , O. Kind , B.T. King , M. King , R.S.B. King , S.B. King ,J. Kirk , A.E. Kiryunin , T. Kishimoto , D. Kisielewska , F. Kiss , K. Kiuchi , E. Kladiva , M. Klein ,U. Klein , K. Kleinknecht , P. Klimek , , A. Klimentov , R. Klingenberg , J.A. Klinger ,T. Klioutchnikova , P.F. Klok , E.-E. Kluge , P. Kluit , S. Kluth , E. Kneringer , E.B.F.G. Knoops ,A. Knue , D. Kobayashi , T. Kobayashi , M. Kobel , M. Kocian , P. Kodys , T. Koffas , E. Koffeman ,L.A. Kogan , S. Kohlmann , Z. Kohout , T. Kohriki , T. Koi , H. Kolanoski , I. Koletsou , J. Koll ,A.A. Komar , ∗ , Y. Komori , T. Kondo , N. Kondrashova , K. K¨oneke , A.C. K¨onig , S. K¨onig ,T. Kono ,r , R. Konoplich ,s , N. Konstantinidis , R. Kopeliansky , S. Koperny , L. K¨opke , A.K. Kopp ,K. Korcyl , K. Kordas , A. Korn , A.A. Korol ,c , I. Korolkov , E.V. Korolkova , V.A. Korotkov ,O. Kortner , S. Kortner , V.V. Kostyukhin , V.M. Kotov , A. Kotwal , A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi ,C. Kourkoumelis , V. Kouskoura , A. Koutsman , R. Kowalewski , T.Z. Kowalski , W. Kozanecki ,A.S. Kozhin , V.A. Kramarenko , G. Kramberger , D. Krasnopevtsev , M.W. Krasny , A. Krasznahorkay ,J.K. Kraus , A. Kravchenko , S. Kreiss , M. Kretz , J. Kretzschmar , K. Kreutzfeldt , P. Krieger ,K. Krizka , K. Kroeninger , H. Kroha , J. Kroll , J. Kroseberg , J. Krstic , U. Kruchonak , H. Kr¨uger ,N. Krumnack , Z.V. Krumshteyn , A. Kruse , M.C. Kruse , M. Kruskal , T. Kubota , H. Kucuk ,S. Kuday , S. Kuehn , A. Kugel , F. Kuger , A. Kuhl , T. Kuhl , V. Kukhtin , Y. Kulchitsky ,S. Kuleshov , M. Kuna , , T. Kunigo , A. Kupco , H. Kurashige , Y.A. Kurochkin , R. Kurumida ,V. Kus , E.S. Kuwertz , M. Kuze , J. Kvita , D. Kyriazopoulos , A. La Rosa , L. La Rotonda , ,C. Lacasta , F. Lacava , , J. Lacey , H. Lacker , D. Lacour , V.R. Lacuesta , E. Ladygin , R. Lafaye ,B. Laforge , T. Lagouri , S. Lai , H. Laier , L. Lambourne , S. Lammers , C.L. Lampen , W. Lampl ,E. Lan¸con , U. Landgraf , M.P.J. Landon , V.S. Lang , A.J. Lankford , F. Lanni , K. Lantzsch ,S. Laplace , C. Lapoire , J.F. Laporte , T. Lari , F. Lasagni Manghi , , M. Lassnig , P. Laurelli ,W. Lavrijsen , A.T. Law , P. Laycock , O. Le Dortz , E. Le Guirriec , E. Le Menedeu , T. LeCompte ,F. Ledroit-Guillon , C.A. Lee , H. Lee , S.C. Lee , L. Lee , G. Lefebvre , M. Lefebvre , F. Legger ,C. Leggett , A. Lehan , G. Lehmann Miotto , X. Lei , W.A. Leight , A. Leisos , A.G. Leister ,M.A.L. Leite , R. Leitner , D. Lellouch , B. Lemmer , K.J.C. Leney , T. Lenz , G. Lenzen , B. Lenzi ,R. Leone , S. Leone , , C. Leonidopoulos , S. Leontsinis , C. Leroy , C.G. Lester , C.M. Lester ,M. Levchenko , J. Levˆeque , D. Levin , L.J. Levinson , M. Levy , A. Lewis , A.M. Leyko , M. Leyton ,B. Li ,t , B. Li , H. Li , H.L. Li , L. Li , L. Li , S. Li , Y. Li ,u , Z. Liang , H. Liao , B. Liberti ,P. Lichard , K. Lie , J. Liebal , W. Liebig , C. Limbach , A. Limosani , S.C. Lin ,v , T.H. Lin ,F. Linde , B.E. Lindquist , J.T. Linnemann , E. Lipeles , A. Lipniacka , M. Lisovyi , T.M. Liss ,D. Lissauer , A. Lister , A.M. Litke , B. Liu , D. Liu , J.B. Liu , K. Liu ,w , L. Liu , M. Liu ,M. Liu , Y. Liu , M. Livan , , A. Lleres , J. Llorente Merino , S.L. Lloyd , F. Lo Sterzo ,E. Lobodzinska , P. Loch , W.S. Lockman , F.K. Loebinger , A.E. Loevschall-Jensen , A. Loginov ,T. Lohse , K. Lohwasser , M. Lokajicek , B.A. Long , J.D. Long , R.E. Long , K.A. Looper , L. Lopes ,D. Lopez Mateos , B. Lopez Paredes , I. Lopez Paz , J. Lorenz , N. Lorenzo Martinez , M. Losada ,P. Loscutoff , X. Lou , A. Lounis , J. Love , P.A. Love , A.J. Lowe ,e , F. Lu , N. Lu , H.J. Lubatti ,C. Luci , , A. Lucotte , F. Luehring , W. Lukas , L. Luminari , O. Lundberg , ,9B. Lund-Jensen , M. Lungwitz , D. Lynn , R. Lysak , E. Lytken , H. Ma , L.L. Ma , G. Maccarrone ,A. Macchiolo , J. Machado Miguens , , D. Macina , D. Madaffari , R. Madar , H.J. Maddocks ,W.F. Mader , A. Madsen , M. Maeno , T. Maeno , A. Maevskiy , E. Magradze , K. Mahboubi ,J. Mahlstedt , S. Mahmoud , C. Maiani , C. Maidantchik , A.A. Maier , A. Maio , , ,S. Majewski , Y. Makida , N. Makovec , P. Mal ,x , B. Malaescu , Pa. Malecki , V.P. Maleev ,F. Malek , U. Mallik , D. Malon , C. Malone , S. Maltezos , V.M. Malyshev , S. Malyukov , J. Mamuzic ,B. Mandelli , L. Mandelli , I. Mandi´c , R. Mandrysch , J. Maneira , , A. Manfredini ,L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho , J.A. Manjarres Ramos , A. Mann , P.M. Manning ,A. Manousakis-Katsikakis , B. Mansoulie , R. Mantifel , M. Mantoani , L. Mapelli , L. March ,J.F. Marchand , G. Marchiori , M. Marcisovsky , C.P. Marino , M. Marjanovic , F. Marroquim ,S.P. Marsden , Z. Marshall , L.F. Marti , S. Marti-Garcia , B. Martin , B. Martin , T.A. Martin ,V.J. Martin , B. Martin dit Latour , H. Martinez , M. Martinez ,n , S. Martin-Haugh , A.C. Martyniuk ,M. Marx , F. Marzano , A. Marzin , L. Masetti , T. Mashimo , R. Mashinistov , J. Masik ,A.L. Maslennikov ,c , I. Massa , , L. Massa , , N. Massol , P. Mastrandrea , A. Mastroberardino , ,T. Masubuchi , P. M¨attig , J. Mattmann , J. Maurer , S.J. Maxfield , D.A. Maximov ,c , R. Mazini ,L. Mazzaferro , , G. Mc Goldrick , S.P. Mc Kee , A. McCarn , R.L. McCarthy , T.G. McCarthy ,N.A. McCubbin , K.W. McFarlane , ∗ , J.A. Mcfayden , G. Mchedlidze , S.J. McMahon ,R.A. McPherson ,j , J. Mechnich , M. Medinnis , S. Meehan , S. Mehlhase , A. Mehta , K. Meier ,C. Meineck , B. Meirose , C. Melachrinos , B.R. Mellado Garcia , F. Meloni , A. Mengarelli , ,S. Menke , E. Meoni , K.M. Mercurio , S. Mergelmeyer , N. Meric , P. Mermod , L. Merola , ,C. Meroni , F.S. Merritt , H. Merritt , A. Messina ,y , J. Metcalfe , A.S. Mete , C. Meyer , C. Meyer ,J-P. Meyer , J. Meyer , R.P. Middleton , S. Migas , S. Miglioranzi , , L. Mijovi´c , G. Mikenberg ,M. Mikestikova , M. Mikuˇz , A. Milic , D.W. Miller , C. Mills , A. Milov , D.A. Milstead , ,A.A. Minaenko , Y. Minami , I.A. Minashvili , A.I. Mincer , B. Mindur , M. Mineev , Y. Ming ,L.M. Mir , G. Mirabelli , T. Mitani , J. Mitrevski , V.A. Mitsou , A. Miucci , P.S. Miyagawa ,J.U. Mj¨ornmark , T. Moa , , K. Mochizuki , S. Mohapatra , W. Mohr , S. Molander , ,R. Moles-Valls , K. M¨onig , C. Monini , J. Monk , E. Monnier , J. Montejo Berlingen , F. Monticelli ,S. Monzani , , R.W. Moore , N. Morange , D. Moreno , M. Moreno Ll´acer , P. Morettini ,M. Morgenstern , M. Morii , V. Morisbak , S. Moritz , A.K. Morley , G. Mornacchi , J.D. Morris ,A. Morton , L. Morvaj , H.G. Moser , M. Mosidze , J. Moss , K. Motohashi , R. Mount ,E. Mountricha , S.V. Mouraviev , ∗ , E.J.W. Moyse , S. Muanza , R.D. Mudd , F. Mueller , J. Mueller ,K. Mueller , T. Mueller , D. Muenstermann , Y. Munwes , J.A. Murillo Quijada , W.J. Murray , ,H. Musheghyan , E. Musto , A.G. Myagkov ,z , M. Myska , O. Nackenhorst , J. Nadal , K. Nagai ,R. Nagai , Y. Nagai , K. Nagano , A. Nagarkar , Y. Nagasaka , K. Nagata , M. Nagel , A.M. Nairz ,Y. Nakahama , K. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , I. Nakano , H. Namasivayam , G. Nanava ,R.F. Naranjo Garcia , R. Narayan , T. Nattermann , T. Naumann , G. Navarro , R. Nayyar , H.A. Neal ,P.Yu. Nechaeva , T.J. Neep , P.D. Nef , A. Negri , , G. Negri , M. Negrini , S. Nektarijevic ,C. Nellist , A. Nelson , T.K. Nelson , S. Nemecek , P. Nemethy , A.A. Nepomuceno , M. Nessi ,aa ,M.S. Neubauer , M. Neumann , R.M. Neves , P. Nevski , P.R. Newman , D.H. Nguyen , R.B. Nickerson ,R. Nicolaidou , B. Nicquevert , J. Nielsen , N. Nikiforou , A. Nikiforov , V. Nikolaenko ,z ,I. Nikolic-Audit , K. Nikolics , K. Nikolopoulos , P. Nilsson , Y. Ninomiya , A. Nisati , R. Nisius ,T. Nobe , M. Nomachi , I. Nomidis , S. Norberg , M. Nordberg , O. Novgorodova , S. Nowak ,M. Nozaki , L. Nozka , K. Ntekas , G. Nunes Hanninger , T. Nunnemann , E. Nurse , F. Nuti ,B.J. O’Brien , F. O’grady , D.C. O’Neil , V. O’Shea , F.G. Oakham ,d , H. Oberlack , T. Obermann ,J. Ocariz , A. Ochi , I. Ochoa , S. Oda , S. Odaka , H. Ogren , A. Oh , S.H. Oh , C.C. Ohm ,H. Ohman , H. Oide , W. Okamura , H. Okawa , Y. Okumura , T. Okuyama , A. Olariu ,A.G. Olchevski , S.A. Olivares Pino , D. Oliveira Damazio , E. Oliver Garcia , A. Olszewski , J. Olszowska ,A. Onofre , , P.U.E. Onyisi ,o , C.J. Oram , M.J. Oreglia , Y. Oren , D. Orestano , ,N. Orlando , , C. Oropeza Barrera , R.S. Orr , B. Osculati , , R. Ospanov , G. Otero y Garzon ,H. Otono , M. Ouchrif , E.A. Ouellette , F. Ould-Saada , A. Ouraou , K.P. Oussoren , Q. Ouyang ,A. Ovcharova , M. Owen , V.E. Ozcan , N. Ozturk , K. Pachal , A. Pacheco Pages , C. Padilla Aranda ,M. Pag´aˇcov´a , S. Pagan Griso , E. Paganis , C. Pahl , F. Paige , P. Pais , K. Pajchel , G. Palacino ,S. Palestini , M. Palka , D. Pallin , A. Palma , , J.D. Palmer , Y.B. Pan , E. Panagiotopoulou ,J.G. Panduro Vazquez , P. Pani , N. Panikashvili , S. Panitkin , D. Pantea , L. Paolozzi , ,Th.D. Papadopoulou , K. Papageorgiou , A. Paramonov , D. Paredes Hernandez , M.A. Parker ,F. Parodi , , J.A. Parsons , U. Parzefall , E. Pasqualucci , S. Passaggio , A. Passeri ,0F. Pastore , , ∗ , Fr. Pastore , G. P´asztor , S. Pataraia , N.D. Patel , J.R. Pater , S. Patricelli , ,T. Pauly , J. Pearce , L.E. Pedersen , M. Pedersen , S. Pedraza Lopez , R. Pedro , ,S.V. Peleganchuk , D. Pelikan , H. Peng , B. Penning , J. Penwell , M.M. Perego , , D.V. Perepelitsa ,E. Perez Codina , M.T. P´erez Garc´ıa-Esta˜n , L. Perini , , H. Pernegger , S. Perrella , , R. Peschke ,V.D. Peshekhonov , K. Peters , R.F.Y. Peters , B.A. Petersen , T.C. Petersen , E. Petit , A. Petridis , ,C. Petridou , E. Petrolo , F. Petrucci , , N.E. Pettersson , R. Pezoa , P.W. Phillips ,G. Piacquadio , E. Pianori , A. Picazio , E. Piccaro , M. Piccinini , , M.A. Pickering , R. Piegaia ,D.T. Pignotti , J.E. Pilcher , A.D. Pilkington , J. Pina , , , M. Pinamonti , ,ab , A. Pinder ,J.L. Pinfold , A. Pingel , B. Pinto , S. Pires , M. Pitt , C. Pizio , , L. Plazak , M.-A. Pleier ,V. Pleskot , E. Plotnikova , P. Plucinski , , D. Pluth , S. Poddar , F. Podlyski , R. Poettgen ,L. Poggioli , D. Pohl , M. Pohl , G. Polesello , A. Policicchio , , R. Polifka , A. Polini ,C.S. Pollard , V. Polychronakos , K. Pomm`es , L. Pontecorvo , B.G. Pope , G.A. Popeneciu ,D.S. Popovic , A. Poppleton , S. Pospisil , K. Potamianos , I.N. Potrap , C.J. Potter , C.T. Potter ,G. Poulard , J. Poveda , V. Pozdnyakov , P. Pralavorio , A. Pranko , S. Prasad , S. Prell , D. Price ,J. Price , L.E. Price , D. Prieur , M. Primavera , S. Prince , M. Proissl , K. Prokofiev , F. Prokoshin ,E. Protopapadaki , S. Protopopescu , J. Proudfoot , M. Przybycien , H. Przysiezniak , E. Ptacek ,D. Puddu , , E. Pueschel , D. Puldon , M. Purohit ,ac , P. Puzo , J. Qian , G. Qin , Y. Qin ,A. Quadt , D.R. Quarrie , W.B. Quayle , , M. Queitsch-Maitland , D. Quilty , A. Qureshi ,V. Radeka , V. Radescu , S.K. Radhakrishnan , P. Radloff , P. Rados , F. Ragusa , , G. Rahal ,S. Rajagopalan , M. Rammensee , C. Rangel-Smith , K. Rao , M.G. Ratti , , F. Rauscher , S. Rave ,T.C. Rave , T. Ravenscroft , M. Raymond , A.L. Read , N.P. Readioff , D.M. Rebuzzi , ,A. Redelbach , G. Redlinger , R. Reece , K. Reeves , L. Rehnisch , H. Reisin , M. Relich , C. Rembser ,H. Ren , Z.L. Ren , A. Renaud , M. Rescigno , S. Resconi , O.L. Rezanova ,c , P. Reznicek ,R. Rezvani , R. Richter , M. Ridel , P. Rieck , J. Rieger , M. Rijssenbeek , A. Rimoldi , ,L. Rinaldi , E. Ritsch , I. Riu , F. Rizatdinova , E. Rizvi , S.H. Robertson ,j , A. Robichaud-Veronneau ,D. Robinson , J.E.M. Robinson , A. Robson , C. Roda , , L. Rodrigues , S. Roe , O. Røhne ,S. Rolli , A. Romaniouk , M. Romano , , E. Romero Adam , N. Rompotis , M. Ronzani , L. Roos ,E. Ros , S. Rosati , K. Rosbach , M. Rose , P. Rose , P.L. Rosendahl , O. Rosenthal ,V. Rossetti , , E. Rossi , , L.P. Rossi , R. Rosten , M. Rotaru , I. Roth , J. Rothberg ,D. Rousseau , C.R. Royon , A. Rozanov , Y. Rozen , X. Ruan , F. Rubbo , I. Rubinskiy , V.I. Rud ,C. Rudolph , M.S. Rudolph , F. R¨uhr , A. Ruiz-Martinez , Z. Rurikova , N.A. Rusakovich , A. Ruschke ,H.L. Russell , J.P. Rutherfoord , N. Ruthmann , Y.F. Ryabov , M. Rybar , G. Rybkin , N.C. Ryder ,A.F. Saavedra , G. Sabato , S. Sacerdoti , A. Saddique , H.F-W. Sadrozinski , R. Sadykov ,F. Safai Tehrani , H. Sakamoto , Y. Sakurai , G. Salamanna , , A. Salamon , M. Saleem ,D. Salek , P.H. Sales De Bruin , D. Salihagic , A. Salnikov , J. Salt , D. Salvatore , , F. Salvatore ,A. Salvucci , A. Salzburger , D. Sampsonidis , A. Sanchez , , J. S´anchez , V. Sanchez Martinez ,H. Sandaker , R.L. Sandbach , H.G. Sander , M.P. Sanders , M. Sandhoff , T. Sandoval , C. Sandoval ,R. Sandstroem , D.P.C. Sankey , A. Sansoni , C. Santoni , R. Santonico , , H. Santos ,I. Santoyo Castillo , K. Sapp , A. Sapronov , J.G. Saraiva , , B. Sarrazin , G. Sartisohn , O. Sasaki ,Y. Sasaki , K. Sato , G. Sauvage , ∗ , E. Sauvan , G. Savage , P. Savard ,d , C. Sawyer , L. Sawyer ,m ,D.H. Saxon , J. Saxon , C. Sbarra , A. Sbrizzi , , T. Scanlon , D.A. Scannicchio , M. Scarcella ,V. Scarfone , , J. Schaarschmidt , P. Schacht , D. Schaefer , R. Schaefer , S. Schaepe , S. Schaetzel ,U. Sch¨afer , A.C. Schaffer , D. Schaile , R.D. Schamberger , V. Scharf , V.A. Schegelsky ,D. Scheirich , M. Schernau , C. Schiavi , , J. Schieck , C. Schillo , M. Schioppa , , S. Schlenker ,E. Schmidt , K. Schmieden , C. Schmitt , S. Schmitt , B. Schneider , Y.J. Schnellbach , U. Schnoor ,L. Schoeffel , A. Schoening , B.D. Schoenrock , A.L.S. Schorlemmer , M. Schott , D. Schouten ,J. Schovancova , S. Schramm , M. Schreyer , C. Schroeder , N. Schuh , M.J. Schultens ,H.-C. Schultz-Coulon , H. Schulz , M. Schumacher , B.A. Schumm , Ph. Schune , C. Schwanenberger ,A. Schwartzman , T.A. Schwarz , Ph. Schwegler , Ph. Schwemling , R. Schwienhorst , J. Schwindling ,T. Schwindt , M. Schwoerer , F.G. Sciacca , E. Scifo , G. Sciolla , F. Scuri , , F. Scutti , J. Searcy ,G. Sedov , E. Sedykh , P. Seema , S.C. Seidel , A. Seiden , F. Seifert , J.M. Seixas , G. Sekhniaidze ,S.J. Sekula , K.E. Selbach , D.M. Seliverstov , ∗ , G. Sellers , N. Semprini-Cesari , , C. Serfon , L. Serin ,L. Serkin , T. Serre , R. Seuster , H. Severini , T. Sfiligoj , F. Sforza , A. Sfyrla , E. Shabalina ,M. Shamim , L.Y. Shan , R. Shang , J.T. Shank , M. Shapiro , P.B. Shatalov , K. Shaw , ,A. Shcherbakova , , C.Y. Shehu , P. Sherwood , L. Shi ,ad , S. Shimizu , C.O. Shimmin ,M. Shimojima , M. Shiyakova , A. Shmeleva , D. Shoaleh Saadi , M.J. Shochet , S. Shojaii , , D. Short ,1S. Shrestha , E. Shulga , M.A. Shupe , S. Shushkevich , P. Sicho , O. Sidiropoulou , D. Sidorov ,A. Sidoti , F. Siegert , Dj. Sijacki , J. Silva , , Y. Silver , D. Silverstein , S.B. Silverstein ,V. Simak , O. Simard , Lj. Simic , S. Simion , E. Simioni , B. Simmons , D. Simon , R. Simoniello , ,P. Sinervo , N.B. Sinev , G. Siragusa , A. Sircar , A.N. Sisakyan , ∗ , S.Yu. Sivoklokov , J. Sj¨olin , ,T.B. Sjursen , H.P. Skottowe , P. Skubic , M. Slater , T. Slavicek , M. Slawinska , K. Sliwa ,V. Smakhtin , B.H. Smart , L. Smestad , S.Yu. Smirnov , Y. Smirnov , L.N. Smirnova ,ae , O. Smirnova ,K.M. Smith , M. Smizanska , K. Smolek , A.A. Snesarev , G. Snidero , S. Snyder , R. Sobie ,j ,F. Socher , A. Soffer , D.A. Soh ,ad , C.A. Solans , M. Solar , J. Solc , E.Yu. Soldatov , U. Soldevila ,A.A. Solodkov , A. Soloshenko , O.V. Solovyanov , V. Solovyev , P. Sommer , H.Y. Song , N. Soni ,A. Sood , A. Sopczak , B. Sopko , V. Sopko , V. Sorin , M. Sosebee , R. Soualah , , P. Soueid ,A.M. Soukharev ,c , D. South , S. Spagnolo , , F. Span`o , W.R. Spearman , F. Spettel , R. Spighi ,G. Spigo , L.A. Spiller , M. Spousta , T. Spreitzer , R.D. St. Denis , ∗ , S. Staerz , J. Stahlman ,R. Stamen , S. Stamm , E. Stanecka , C. Stanescu , M. Stanescu-Bellu , M.M. Stanitzki , S. Stapnes ,E.A. Starchenko , J. Stark , P. Staroba , P. Starovoitov , R. Staszewski , P. Stavina , ∗ , P. Steinberg ,B. Stelzer , H.J. Stelzer , O. Stelzer-Chilton , H. Stenzel , S. Stern , G.A. Stewart , J.A. Stillings ,M.C. Stockton , M. Stoebe , G. Stoicea , P. Stolte , S. Stonjek , A.R. Stradling , A. Straessner ,M.E. Stramaglia , J. Strandberg , S. Strandberg , , A. Strandlie , E. Strauss , M. Strauss ,P. Strizenec , R. Str¨ohmer , D.M. Strom , R. Stroynowski , A. Strubig , S.A. Stucci , B. Stugu ,N.A. Styles , D. Su , J. Su , R. Subramaniam , A. Succurro , Y. Sugaya , C. Suhr , M. Suk ,V.V. Sulin , S. Sultansoy , T. Sumida , S. Sun , X. Sun , J.E. Sundermann , K. Suruliz , G. Susinno , ,M.R. Sutton , Y. Suzuki , M. Svatos , S. Swedish , M. Swiatlowski , I. Sykora , T. Sykora , D. Ta ,C. Taccini , , K. Tackmann , J. Taenzer , A. Taffard , R. Tafirout , N. Taiblum , H. Takai ,R. Takashima , H. Takeda , T. Takeshita , Y. Takubo , M. Talby , A.A. Talyshev ,c , J.Y.C. Tam ,K.G. Tan , J. Tanaka , R. Tanaka , S. Tanaka , S. Tanaka , A.J. Tanasijczuk , B.B. Tannenwald ,N. Tannoury , S. Tapprogge , S. Tarem , F. Tarrade , G.F. Tartarelli , P. Tas , M. Tasevsky ,T. Tashiro , E. Tassi , , A. Tavares Delgado , , Y. Tayalati , F.E. Taylor , G.N. Taylor ,W. Taylor , F.A. Teischinger , M. Teixeira Dias Castanheira , P. Teixeira-Dias , K.K. Temming ,H. Ten Kate , P.K. Teng , J.J. Teoh , S. Terada , K. Terashi , J. Terron , S. Terzo , M. Testa ,R.J. Teuscher ,j , J. Therhaag , T. Theveneaux-Pelzer , J.P. Thomas , J. Thomas-Wilsker , E.N. Thompson ,P.D. Thompson , R.J. Thompson , A.S. Thompson , L.A. Thomsen , E. Thomson , M. Thomson ,W.M. Thong , R.P. Thun , ∗ , F. Tian , M.J. Tibbetts , V.O. Tikhomirov ,af , Yu.A. Tikhonov ,c ,S. Timoshenko , E. Tiouchichine , P. Tipton , S. Tisserant , T. Todorov , S. Todorova-Nova , J. Tojo ,S. Tok´ar , K. Tokushuku , K. Tollefson , E. Tolley , L. Tomlinson , M. Tomoto , L. Tompkins ,K. Toms , N.D. Topilin , E. Torrence , H. Torres , E. Torr´o Pastor , J. Toth ,ag , F. Touchard ,D.R. Tovey , H.L. Tran , T. Trefzger , L. Tremblet , A. Tricoli , I.M. Trigger , S. Trincaz-Duvoid ,M.F. Tripiana , W. Trischuk , B. Trocm´e , C. Troncon , M. Trottier-McDonald , M. Trovatelli , ,P. True , M. Trzebinski , A. Trzupek , C. Tsarouchas , J.C-L. Tseng , P.V. Tsiareshka , D. Tsionou ,G. Tsipolitis , N. Tsirintanis , S. Tsiskaridze , V. Tsiskaridze , E.G. Tskhadadze , I.I. Tsukerman ,V. Tsulaia , S. Tsuno , D. Tsybychev , A. Tudorache , V. Tudorache , A.N. Tuna , S.A. Tupputi , ,S. Turchikhin ,ae , D. Turecek , I. Turk Cakir , R. Turra , , A.J. Turvey , P.M. Tuts , A. Tykhonov ,M. Tylmad , , M. Tyndel , I. Ueda , R. Ueno , M. Ughetto , M. Ugland , M. Uhlenbrock ,F. Ukegawa , G. Unal , A. Undrus , G. Unel , F.C. Ungaro , Y. Unno , C. Unverdorben , J. Urban ,D. Urbaniec , P. Urquijo , G. Usai , A. Usanova , L. Vacavant , V. Vacek , B. Vachon , N. Valencic ,S. Valentinetti , , A. Valero , L. Valery , S. Valkar , E. Valladolid Gallego , S. Vallecorsa ,J.A. Valls Ferrer , W. Van Den Wollenberg , P.C. Van Der Deijl , R. van der Geer , H. van der Graaf ,R. Van Der Leeuw , D. van der Ster , N. van Eldik , P. van Gemmeren , J. Van Nieuwkoop , I. van Vulpen ,M.C. van Woerden , M. Vanadia , , W. Vandelli , R. Vanguri , A. Vaniachine , P. Vankov ,F. Vannucci , G. Vardanyan , R. Vari , E.W. Varnes , T. Varol , D. Varouchas , A. Vartapetian ,K.E. Varvell , F. Vazeille , T. Vazquez Schroeder , J. Veatch , F. Veloso , , T. Velz , S. Veneziano ,A. Ventura , , D. Ventura , M. Venturi , N. Venturi , A. Venturini , V. Vercesi , M. Verducci , ,W. Verkerke , J.C. Vermeulen , A. Vest , M.C. Vetterli ,d , O. Viazlo , I. Vichou , T. Vickey ,ah ,O.E. Vickey Boeriu , G.H.A. Viehhauser , S. Viel , R. Vigne , M. Villa , , M. Villaplana Perez , ,E. Vilucchi , M.G. Vincter , V.B. Vinogradov , J. Virzi , I. Vivarelli , F. Vives Vaque , S. Vlachos ,D. Vladoiu , M. Vlasak , A. Vogel , M. Vogel , P. Vokac , G. Volpi , , M. Volpi ,H. von der Schmitt , H. von Radziewski , E. von Toerne , V. Vorobel , K. Vorobev , M. Vos , R. Voss ,J.H. Vossebeld , N. Vranjes , M. Vranjes Milosavljevic , V. Vrba , M. Vreeswijk , T. Vu Anh ,2R. Vuillermet , I. Vukotic , Z. Vykydal , P. Wagner , W. Wagner , H. Wahlberg , S. Wahrmund ,J. Wakabayashi , J. Walder , R. Walker , W. Walkowiak , R. Wall , P. Waller , B. Walsh , C. Wang ,C. Wang , F. Wang , H. Wang , H. Wang , J. Wang , J. Wang , K. Wang , R. Wang , S.M. Wang ,T. Wang , X. Wang , C. Wanotayaroj , A. Warburton , C.P. Ward , D.R. Wardrope , M. Warsinsky ,A. Washbrook , C. Wasicki , P.M. Watkins , A.T. Watson , I.J. Watson , M.F. Watson , G. Watts ,S. Watts , B.M. Waugh , S. Webb , M.S. Weber , S.W. Weber , J.S. Webster , A.R. Weidberg ,B. Weinert , J. Weingarten , C. Weiser , H. Weits , P.S. Wells , T. Wenaus , D. Wendland , Z. Weng ,ad ,T. Wengler , S. Wenig , N. Wermes , M. Werner , P. Werner , M. Wessels , J. Wetter , K. Whalen ,A. White , M.J. White , R. White , S. White , , D. Whiteson , D. Wicke , F.J. Wickens ,W. Wiedenmann , M. Wielers , P. Wienemann , C. Wiglesworth , L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs , P.A. Wijeratne ,A. Wildauer , M.A. Wildt ,ai , H.G. Wilkens , H.H. Williams , S. Williams , C. Willis , S. Willocq ,A. Wilson , J.A. Wilson , I. Wingerter-Seez , F. Winklmeier , B.T. Winter , M. Wittgen , J. Wittkowski ,S.J. Wollstadt , M.W. Wolter , H. Wolters , , B.K. Wosiek , J. Wotschack , M.J. Woudstra ,K.W. Wozniak , M. Wright , M. Wu , S.L. Wu , X. Wu , Y. Wu , T.R. Wyatt , B.M. Wynne , S. Xella ,M. Xiao , D. Xu , L. Xu ,aj , B. Yabsley , S. Yacoob ,ak , R. Yakabe , M. Yamada , H. Yamaguchi ,Y. Yamaguchi , A. Yamamoto , S. Yamamoto , T. Yamamura , T. Yamanaka , K. Yamauchi ,Y. Yamazaki , Z. Yan , H. Yang , H. Yang , Y. Yang , S. Yanush , L. Yao , W-M. Yao , Y. Yasu ,E. Yatsenko , K.H. Yau Wong , J. Ye , S. Ye , I. Yeletskikh , A.L. Yen , E. Yildirim , M. Yilmaz ,K. Yorita , R. Yoshida , K. Yoshihara , C. Young , C.J.S. Young , S. Youssef , D.R. Yu , J. Yu ,J.M. Yu , J. Yu , L. Yuan , A. Yurkewicz , I. Yusuff ,al , B. Zabinski , R. Zaidan , A.M. Zaitsev ,z ,A. Zaman , S. Zambito , L. Zanello , , D. Zanzi , C. Zeitnitz , M. Zeman , A. Zemla , K. Zengel ,O. Zenin , T. ˇZeniˇs , D. Zerwas , G. Zevi della Porta , D. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. Zhang , J. Zhang ,L. Zhang , R. Zhang , X. Zhang , Z. Zhang , Y. Zhao , Z. Zhao , A. Zhemchugov , J. Zhong ,B. Zhou , C. Zhou , L. Zhou , L. Zhou , N. Zhou , C.G. Zhu , H. Zhu , J. Zhu , Y. Zhu ,X. Zhuang , K. Zhukov , A. Zibell , D. Zieminska , N.I. Zimine , C. Zimmermann , R. Zimmermann ,S. Zimmermann , S. Zimmermann , Z. Zinonos , M. Ziolkowski , G. Zobernig , A. Zoccoli , ,M. zur Nedden , G. Zurzolo , , L. Zwalinski . Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany NY, United States of America Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada a ) Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara; ( b ) Department of Physics, Gazi University, Ankara; ( c ) Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul; ( d ) Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology,Ankara, Turkey LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Universit´e de Savoie, Annecy-le-Vieux, France High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, United States of America Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, United States of America Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX, United States of America Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan Institut de F´ısica d’Altes Energies and Departament de F´ısica de la Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona,Barcelona, Spain
13 ( a ) Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; ( b ) Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University ofBelgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA, UnitedStates of America Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern,Bern, Switzerland School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
19 ( a ) Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul; ( b ) Department of Physics, Dogus University, Istanbul; ( c ) Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
20 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Bologna; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit`a di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany3 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA, United States of America Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA, United States of America
24 ( a ) Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro; ( b ) Electrical Circuits Department,Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora; ( c ) Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), SaoJoao del Rei; ( d ) Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, United States of America
26 ( a ) National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest; ( b ) National Institute for Research andDevelopment of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj Napoca; ( c ) University PolitehnicaBucharest, Bucharest; ( d ) West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania Departamento de F´ısica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States of America
32 ( a ) Departamento de F´ısica, Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica de Chile, Santiago; ( b ) Departamento de F´ısica,Universidad T´ecnica Federico Santa Mar´ıa, Valpara´ıso, Chile
33 ( a ) Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; ( b ) Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui; ( c ) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu; ( d ) School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong; ( e ) Physics Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai; ( f ) Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Universit´e and Universit´e Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3,Clermont-Ferrand, France Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY, United States of America Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
37 ( a ) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`adella Calabria, Rende, Italy
38 ( a ) AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow; ( b ) Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX, United States of America Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, United States of America DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany Institut f¨ur Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universit¨at Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Institut f¨ur Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universit¨at Dresden, Dresden, Germany Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy Fakult¨at f¨ur Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit¨at, Freiburg, Germany Section de Physique, Universit´e de Gen`eve, Geneva, Switzerland
50 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Genova; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Genova, Genova, Italy
51 ( a ) E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi; ( b ) High EnergyPhysics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universit¨at Giessen, Giessen, Germany SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universit¨at, G¨ottingen, Germany Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Universit´e Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble,France Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton VA, United States of America Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, United States of America
58 ( a ) Kirchhoff-Institut f¨ur Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universit¨at Heidelberg, Heidelberg; ( b ) Physikalisches Institut,Ruprecht-Karls-Universit¨at Heidelberg, Heidelberg; ( c ) ZITI Institut f¨ur technische Informatik,Ruprecht-Karls-Universit¨at Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
60 ( a ) Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; ( b ) Department ofPhysics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; ( c ) Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University ofScience and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China4 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States of America Institut f¨ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universit¨at, Innsbruck, Austria University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, United States of America Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA, United States of America Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Instituto de F´ısica La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
73 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Lecce; ( b ) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit`a del Salento, Lecce, Italy Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Joˇzef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA, United States of America Laboratoire de Physique Nucl´eaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Universit´e Paris-Diderot andCNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Institut f¨ur Physik, Universit¨at Mainz, Mainz, Germany School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit´e and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States of America Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, United States of America
91 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Milano; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Milano, Milano, Italy B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus National Scientific and Educational Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, United States of America Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC, Canada P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Fakult¨at f¨ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at M¨unchen, M¨unchen, Germany
Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), M¨unchen, Germany
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
104 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Napoli; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States of America
Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen,Netherlands
Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL, United States of America
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY, United States of America
Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States of America
Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK, United States ofAmerica5
Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK, United States of America
Palack´y University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, United States of America
LAL, Universit´e Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
121 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Pavia; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
124 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Pisa; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Universit`a di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
126 ( a ) Laboratorio de Instrumentacao e Fisica Experimental de Particulas - LIP, Lisboa; ( b ) Faculdade de Ciˆencias,Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; ( c ) Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra; ( d ) Centro de F´ısicaNuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; ( e ) Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Minho, Braga; ( f ) Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada, Granada (Spain); ( g ) DepFisica and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
133 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Roma; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universit`a di Roma, Roma, Italy
134 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; ( b ) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
135 ( a ) INFN Sezione di Roma Tre; ( b ) Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universit`a Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
136 ( a ) Facult´e des Sciences Ain Chock, R´eseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Universit´e HassanII, Casablanca; ( b ) Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat; ( c ) Facult´e des SciencesSemlalia, Universit´e Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech; ( d ) Facult´e des Sciences, Universit´e Mohamed Premier andLPTPM, Oujda; ( e ) Facult´e des sciences, Universit´e Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat `al’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, United States ofAmerica
Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
Fachbereich Physik, Universit¨at Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA, United States of America
145 ( a ) Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava; ( b ) Department ofSubnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
146 ( a ) Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town; ( b ) Department of Physics, University ofJohannesburg, Johannesburg; ( c ) School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
147 ( a ) Department of Physics, Stockholm University; ( b ) The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, United Statesof America
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo, Japan6
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
160 ( a ) TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; ( b ) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON, Canada
Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA, United States of America
Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, United States of America
165 ( a ) INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine; ( b ) ICTP, Trieste; ( c ) Dipartimento di Chimica,Fisica e Ambiente, Universit`a di Udine, Udine, Italy
Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, United States of America
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
Instituto de F´ısica Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de F´ısica At´omica, Molecular y Nuclear andDepartamento de Ingenier´ıa Electr´onica and Instituto de Microelectr´onica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University ofValencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States of America
Fakult¨at f¨ur Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universit¨at, W¨urzburg, Germany
Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universit¨at Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT, United States of America
Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucl´eaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3),Villeurbanne, France a Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom b Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan c Also at Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia d Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada e Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno CA, United States of America f Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland g Also at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia h Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit´e and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France i Also at Universit`a di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy j Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada k Also at Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom l Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia m Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA, United States of America n Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain o Also at Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, United States of America p Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia q Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland r Also at Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan s Also at Manhattan College, New York NY, United States of America t Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan u Also at LAL, Universit´e Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France v Also at Academia Sinica Grid Computing, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan w Also at Laboratoire de Physique Nucl´eaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Universit´e Paris-Diderot andCNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France x Also at School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India y Also at Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universit`a di Roma, Roma, Italy z Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia aa Also at Section de Physique, Universit´e de Gen`eve, Geneva, Switzerland ab Also at International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy7 ac Also at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC, United States ofAmerica ad Also at School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ae Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia af Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia ag Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary ah Also at Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom ai Also at Institut f¨ur Experimentalphysik, Universit¨at Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany aj Also at Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America ak Also at Discipline of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa al Also at University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ∗∗