Physics

We study CMB in the nonstandard background cosmology recently investigated. Using the previously calculated first order metric perturbations we discuss the Sachs-Wolfe and the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects. We show how small-multipole CMB data can be used to determine the matter density of the Universe.

This paper presents a theoretical calculation of the vacuum energy density by summing the contributions of all quantum fields vacuum states which turns out to indicate that there seems to be a missing bosonic contribution in order to match the predictions of current cosmological models and all observational data to date. The basis for this calculation is a Zeta function regularization method used to tame the infinities present in the improper integrals of power functions.

According to the Blackett conjecture, any neutral rotating body acquires a magnetic moment proportional to its angular momentum. Using the data on the dipolar magnetic field of Mars, we put a stringent upper limit on the value of the Blackett's constant, the dimensionless constant that relates the magnetic moment to the angular momentum. As a consequence, the Blackett effect cannot directly account for the magnetic fields of celestial bodies and galaxies. We also show that the Blackett effect cannot be tested in a laboratory since the magnetic moment of any rotating lab-scale object would be much smaller than the one produced by the well-known Barnett effect.

Replacing the canonical pair q and p of the harmonic oscillator (HO) by the locally and symplectically equivalent pair angle phi and action variable I implies a qualitative change of the global topological structure of the associated phase spaces: the pair (q,p) is an element of a topologically trivial plane R^2 whereas the pair (phi,I>0) is an element of a topologically non-trivial, infinitely connected, punctured plane R^2-{0}, which has the group SO(1,2) as its "canonical" group. Due to its infinitely many covering groups the resulting ("symplectic") spectrum of the associated quantum Hamiltonian is given by {hbar omega (n+b), n =0,1,...; b in (0,1]}, in contrast to the "orthodox" spectrum {hbar omega (n+1/2)}. The potentially most important implications concern the vibrations of diatomic molecules in the infrared, e.g. those of molecular hydrogen H_2. Those symplectic spectra of the HO may provide a simultaneous key to two outstanding astrophysical puzzles, namely the nature of dark (vacuum) energy and that of dark matter: To the former because the zero-point energy b hbar omega of free electromagnetic wave oscillator modes can be extremely small > 0 (b ca. exp(-35) for the measured dark energy density). And a key to the dark matter problem because the quantum zero-point energies of the Born-Oppenheimer potentials in which the two nuclei of H_2 or the nuclei of other primordial diatomic molecules vibrate can be lower, too, and, therefore, may lead to spectrally detuned "dark" H_2 molecules during the "Dark Ages" of the universe and forming WIMPs in the hypothesized sense. All results appear to be in surprisingly good agreement with the LambdaCDM model of the universe. Besides laboratory experiments the search for 21-cm radio signals from the Dark Ages of the universe and other astrophysical observations can help to explore those hypothetical implications.

We applied a generalized scalar-vector-tensor Brans Dicke gravity model to study canonical quantization of an anisotropic Bianchi I cosmological model. Regarding an anisotropic Harmonic Oscillator potential we show that the corresponding Wheeler de Witt wave functional of the system is described by Hermit polynomials. We obtained a quantization condition on the ADM mass of the cosmological system which raises versus the quantum numbers of the Hermit polynomials. Our calculations show that the inflationary expansion of the universe can be originate from the big bang with no naked singularity due to the uncertainty principle.

Polaritons are arousing tremendous interests in physics and material sciences for their unique and amazing properties, especially including the condensation, lasing without inversion and even room-temperature superfluidity. Herein, we propose a cell vibron polariton (cell-VP): a collectively coherent mode of a photon and all phospholipid molecules in a myelin sheath which is a nervous cell majorly consisting of the phospholipid molecules. Cell-VP can be resonantly self-confined in the myelin sheath under physiological conditions. The observations benefit from the specifically compact, ordered and polar thin-film structure of the sheath, and the relatively strong coupling of the mid-infrared photon with the vibrons of phospholipid tails in the myelin. The underlying physics is revealed to be the collectively coherent superposition of the photon and vibrons, the polariton induced significant enhancement of myelin permittivity, and the resonance of the polariton with the sheath cell. The captured cell-VPs in myelin sheaths may provide a promising way for super-efficient consumption of extra-weak bioenergy and even directly serve for quantum information in the nervous system. These findings further the understanding of neuroscience on the cellular level from the view of quantum mechanics.

In this work, we examine a spherically symmetric compact body with isotropic pressure profile, in this context we obtain a new class of exact solutions of Einstein's-Maxwell field equation for compact stars with uniform charged distributions on the basis of Pseudo-spheroidal space-time with a particular form of electric field intensity and the metric potential g_rr. Indicating these two parameters takes into account further examination to be done in deciding unknown constants and depicts the compact strange star candidates likes PSR J1614-2230, 4U 1608-52, SAX J1808.4-3658, 4U 1538-52, SMC X-1, Her X-1, and Cen X-3. By the isotropic Tolman-Oppenhimer-Volkoff(TOV)equation, We explore the equilibrium among hydrostatic, gravitational and electric forces. Then, we analyze the stability of the model through the adiabatic index(gamma) and velocity of sound (0 <dp/c^2dr< 1). we additionally talk about other physical features of this model like, for example, the pressure, redshift, density, energy conditions and mass-radius of the stars in detail and demonstrate that our results are satisfying all the basic prerequisites of a physically legitimate stellar model. We have seen the measurement of basic physical parameter such as pressure, density, energy and redshift are satisfied the reality condition. All the physical quantities such as density, pressure pressure-density ratio and speed of sound is monotonically decreasing. The outcomes acquired are valuable in exploring the strength of other compact objects like white dwarfs, gravastars and neutron stars. Finally, we have shown that the obtained solutions are compatible with observational data for compact objects.

In this work, we have considered the spherically symmetric stellar system in the contexts of Rastall-Rainbow gravity theory in presence of isotropic fluid source with electromagnetic field. The Einstein-Maxwell's field equations have been written in the framework of Rastall-Rainbow gravity. The gravastar consists of three regions: interior region, thin shell region and exterior region. In the interior region, the gravastar follows the equation of sate (EoS) p=−ρ and we have found the solutions of all physical quantities like energy density, pressure, electric field, charge density, gravitational mass and metric coefficients. In the exterior region, we have obtained the exterior Riessner-Nordstrom solution for vacuum model ( p=ρ=0 ). Since in the shell region, the fluid source follows the EoS p=ρ (ultra-stiff fluid) and the thickness of the shell of the gravastar is infinitesimal, so by the approximation h (≡ A −1 )≪1 , we have found the analytical solutions within the thin shell. The physical quantities like the proper length of the thin shell, entropy and energy content inside the thin shell of the charged gravastar have been computed and we have shown that they are directly proportional to the proper thickness of the shell ( ϵ ) due to the approximation ( ϵ≪1 ). The physical parameters significantly depend on the Rastall parameter and Rainbow function. Next we have studied the matching between the surfaces of interior and exterior regions of the charged gravastar and using the matching conditions, the surface energy density and the surface pressure have been obtained. Also the equation of state parameter on the surface, mass of the thin shell, mass of the gravastar have been obtained. Finally, we have explored the stable regions of the charged gravastar in Rastall-Rainbow gravity.

We study the quantization of the motion of a charged particle without spin inside a flat box under a static electromagnetic field. Contrary to Landau's solution with constant magnetic field transverse to the box, we found a non separable variables solution for the wave function, and this fact remains when static electric field is added. However, the Landau's Levels appear in all cases.

The commonly-known Chern-Simons extension of Einstein gravitational theory is written in terms of a square-curvature term added to the linear-curvature Hilbert Lagrangian. In a recent paper, we constructed two Chern-Simons extensions according to whether they consisted of a square-curvature term added to the square-curvature Stelle Lagrangian or of one linear-curvature term added to the linear-curvature Hilbert Lagrangian [Ref. 4]. The former extension gives rise to the topological extension of the re-normalizable gravity, the latter extension gives rise to the topological extension of the least-order gravity. This last theory will be written here in its torsional completion. Then a consequence for cosmology and particle physics will be addressed.