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A journey of smell from ancient times to the present: Why are the cribriform plates of every mammal so similar
The cribriform plate is a key structure in mammalian anatomy, located above the sigmoid bone and providing an important channel for the transmission of olfaction. This seemingly simple structure carries important nerves related to odor perception and is inextricably linked to our sense of smell. The anatomical features of the sieve plate, including its spongy texture and tiny pores, provide an understanding of why, during evolution, the sieve plates of all mammals have shown striking structural similarities.
The lamina cribrosa gets its name from its sieve-like appearance, which makes it highly specialized in its function and can effectively transmit olfactory information to the brain.
Structure and Function
The anatomical structure of the cribriform plate consists of a number of small holes, called olfactory foramina, which allow the olfactory nerves to pass through, thus transmitting olfactory information to the brain. The location and number of these olfactory pores vary in different animals, but their overall function is the same. The cribriform plate not only supports the olfactory bulb, but also plays a vital role in the transmission of olfactory signals.
The anterior edge of the cribriform plate joins the frontal bone and extends on its lateral smooth interface, forming a complex structure that helps better support and protect the olfactory bulb.
Development process
Formation of the cribriform plate begins during the fifth week of embryonic development and continues throughout the first year of life. Throughout development, the shape and position of the cribriform plate changes as it grows, initially appearing vertical and becoming horizontal over time.
Keros Classification
The Keros classification is a method for assessing the depth of the olfactory pits in the cribriform plate, which has a direct impact on the ability to transmit olfaction. The study showed that different depths have significant physiological significance for different individuals and pointed out that they may affect surgical design and risk assessment in medicine.
Clinical significanceIn the classification proposed by Keros in 1962, the olfactory pits were divided into four types according to the height of the lateral vertebrae, which is of great significance for understanding individual differences and its clinical application.
A rupture of the cribriform plate can result in a serious condition called loss of smell and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the nasal cavity. In this case, bacteria and other pathogens can more easily enter through these tiny holes, causing brain infection and affecting overall health.
Diversity and Similarity
Strikingly, the structure of the cribriform plate is similar in all mammals studied, suggesting that this structure has had a lasting influence on the function of olfaction throughout evolutionary history. The basic function of the cribriform plate is the same in both small rodents and large mammals, which makes us think about the evolutionary significance of this structure.
The retention of the basic form and function of the sieve plate may reflect its importance in survival and reproduction, resulting in similar anatomical features among different species.
Conclusion
In summary, the cribriform plate is not only the core of the mammalian olfactory system, but also the key to understanding the similarities between different species. It continues to play an indispensable role in the long history of evolution. Can such a structure provide inspiration for the evolution of olfaction in other organisms?
