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Alcohol and Vomiting: Who is the potential culprit of Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome is a condition that causes mucosal tear and bleeding due to high intra-abdominal pressure, called Mallory-Weiss tear.This syndrome is one of the most common causes of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults, accounting for about 1-15% of all adult bleeding cases and less than 5% in children.The incidence of tearing in men is 2 to 4 times higher than that in women.The tear occurs mainly at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach, although it may occur in the middle of the esophagus or the heart of the stomach.
"Mallory-Weiss syndrome is usually caused by persistent vomiting and vomiting caused by alcoholism or anorexia."
Many individuals may vomit blood (hemorrhagic vomiting) in Mallory-Weiss syndrome, but the symptoms may vary.Although 90% of these cases will heal itself within 48 to 72 hours, endoscopic or surgical treatment may be required in some cases.
Historical Background
Before 1929, similar symptoms were reported, including esophageal ulcers reported by Johann Friedrich Hermann Albers in 1833.As scientific research progressed, G. Kenneth Mallory and Soma Weiss accurately described the syndrome in 1929, initially observing 15 patients who had vomiting and vomiting symptoms due to alcoholism.Studies in these cases show that repetitive vomiting can lead to tearing, especially at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach.
Symptoms and Signs
The common symptoms of Mallory-Weiss syndrome are hemoglobin after violent vomiting, and this condition is sometimes accompanied by pain, dizziness and loss of consciousness in the upper abdomen.Although a few people continue to experience severe bleeding, 90% of cases will heal without further intervention.
"While 90% of Mallory-Weiss tear heals itself, persistent bleeding can still be life-threatening."
Etiology Analysis
The causes of Mallory-Weiss syndrome are usually associated with alcoholism, anorexia (such as anorexia nervosa), and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).In particular, vomiting associated with heavy alcohol consumption was observed in 75% of patients.
In addition, strong vomiting can also cause a sharp increase in abdominal pressure in a short period of time, which in turn causes tearing.There are still some contradictory research results on whether many patients have hiatal hernia.Some chronic diseases, such as Meniere's disease, are also believed to affect this syndrome.
Diagnostic process
Confirmation of Mallory-Weiss tears usually requires upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Endoscopy can clearly show the location of the tear and possible comorbidities such as varicose veins or ulcers.Laboratory tests for patients include whole blood counts to detect possible underlying bleeding conditions early.
Treatment
The treatment of Mallory-Weiss syndrome depends on the severity of the bleeding.For mild and local bleeding, it can usually be managed by supportive treatment, such as intravenous antacids and antiemetics.If bleeding persists, endoscopic hemostasis technique must be adopted.
"Patients with persistent bleeding may need to adopt endoscopic hemostasis technology, the preferred treatment for Mallory-Weiss syndrome."
In addition, drugs such as proton pump inhibitors (such as omeprazole and pantoprazole) can effectively reduce stomach acid and help heal the tear site.Relevant supportive treatment and regular observations are important steps to ensure patient recovery.
The recurrence of this symptom and related complications remain an important research topic in the medical community, reflecting how an in-depth understanding of this condition can further affect treatment strategies and methods.In life, how should we rectify our eating habits to reduce the occurrence of such risks?
