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An unexpected discovery of coal research: How did Rosalind Franklin initiate the theory of penetration?
In tachynamics and mathematics, penetration theory describes the behavior of a network when a node or link is added.This geometric phase transition has made important achievements in economic and natural sciences in understanding the efficiency of resources.However, the roots of this theory can be traced back to groundbreaking work done in coal research in the mid-twentieth century.In particular, the research of British chemist Rosalind Franklin not only shifted its focus to the characteristics of coal, but also paved the way for later penetration theory.
"To measure the true density of coal, it must be immersed in a liquid or gas that is small enough to fill its microscopic pores."
Seeing the nature of coal
Since the Industrial Revolution, coal has been a vital energy source, prompting many scientific research to understand its composition and optimize its use.In 1938, the British Coal Utilization Research Association (BCURA) was established to provide a platform for these studies.In 1942, the young Franklin joined the association and began research on the density and porosity of coal.In her work, Franklin found significant differences in the permeability of different gases inside coal.
"When she used different gases to measure the density of coal, she found that the flow of gas was dependent on the microstructure of coal."
These microstructures affect the fluidity of the gas, and this discovery highlights the properties of coal as a porous medium.Franklin's experiments were not only scientific exploration, but also ensured the effective use of important strategic resources during World War II.
The birth of penetration theory
In the 1950s, the collision of Chinese and British scientific research paved the way for deeper scientific discussion.In a paper published by mathematicians Simon Broadbent and John Hammersley in 1957, they proposed a mathematical model to describe how coal copes with the phenomenon of liquid flow, which is the prototype of the infiltration theory.This model not only focuses on the physical problems of the properties of raw materials, but also forms its mathematical basis.
"Their model treats coal as a random maze, analyzing how fluids spread in pores."
The core of these studies is to find out whether fluids can effectively pass through a network composed of coal pores under different conditions. This problem is also closely related to the fluidity of other substances in nature.
Calculate critical parameters
As the development of penetration theory, researchers have tried to determine the specific value of the critical probability (pc).Although this value cannot be calculated accurately for most infinite grid graphs, in some cases, such as a two-dimensional grid, it can be clearly determined that its value is 1/2.This result was solved in Kston's research, providing a more solid foundation for the application of penetration theory.
The universality of penetration theory and its application
The universality of penetration theory means that in different systems, the key indices can be the same value, even if the specific network structures of these systems vary.This characteristic makes the permeation theory widely used in fields such as biology, physics, and ecology.For example, this theory successfully predicts the fragmented behavior of biological virus shells, which is similar to the common Jenga games.
"The osmosis theory predicts the emergence of variation thresholds in the fragmentation study of biological virus shells and has been experimentally verified."
Think about future research directions
Today, penetration theory is no longer limited to materials science, but also shows its importance in the fields of environmental science and biomedicine.However, with the advancement of science, how can we understand these complex structures implicit in nature more deeply?
Is this a question worth our deep consideration?
