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Breakthrough in real-time processing on site: How can 3D PTV significantly improve fluid measurement accuracy?
Particle tracking velocity metering (PTV) is a crucial method in the field of fluid mechanics.This technology can accurately measure the velocity and trajectory of moving objects in the fluid, especially neutral buoyancy particles suspended in the flow of the fluid.In contrast to particle image velocity metering (PIV), PTV adopts the Lagrangian method, which directly tracks the movement of individual particles rather than just recording the fluid velocity at fixed observation points.
"3D PTV allows us to capture flow characteristics in three-dimensional ways, which has an unparalleled advantage in analyzing the complexity of turbulent flow fields."
Advanced Technology of 3D PTV
In PTV technology, 3D PTV is originally used to study completely turbulent flow as a unique experimental technique.Today, this technology has been widely used in many disciplines, including structural mechanics research, medicine and industrial applications.This method relies on the three-dimensional configuration of a multi-camera system and uses three-dimensional lighting technology to record the motion of flow-tracking particles.
Through this technology, we can obtain the real-time three-dimensional velocity vector of fluid element trajectory, and the data density can exceed 10 velocity vectors per cubic centimeter at any moment.The core of this technology is stereo imaging and synchronous recording, which can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of measurement.
"3D PTV not only improves measurement accuracy, but also provides a new perspective for understanding fluid dynamics."
The composition principle of 3D PTV
A typical 3D PTV implementation typically consists of two to four digital cameras configured at specific angles and synchronously record flow tracking particle reflections or fluorescent light.The fluid is illuminated by a laser beam or other light sources that usually flicker synchronously with the camera's frame rate to reduce the effective exposure time of moving optical targets, and thus "freeze" their displacements in each frame.This method does not require that the light source must be coherent or monochromatic, just make sure that the illumination intensity is sufficient for clear imaging in the observed volume.
The tracking particles can be fluorescent, diffraction, and the positioning accuracy can be maximized through multiple frame numbers and cameras.Although only two cameras are needed to determine the three coordinates of particles in space, three to four cameras are used in many practical situations to significantly improve the accuracy of three-dimensional positioning, especially in the study of completely turbulent flow .
"In fluid dynamics, accurate data is key, and 3D PTV provides unprecedented data density and accuracy."
Real-time processing solution for 3D PTV
Using white illumination to observe volume significantly reduces cost and health and safety requirements compared to laser-based lighting solutions.The initial development of this technology was a collaborative project of the Institute of Geographical and Photogrammetry and the Institute of Hydraulics, ETH Zurich.At present, with the advancement of technology, real-time image processing methods have become more and more mature, especially in the use of FPGA chips on cameras for real-time image processing.
The future prospect of technology
With the advancement of computer technology and the development of image processing algorithms, 3D PTV may achieve higher accuracy and faster processing speed in the future.This not only improves the research level of fluid mechanics, but may also lead to breakthroughs in other application areas such as medical imaging and structural analysis.
In the world of fluid measurement, the emergence of 3D PTV is undoubtedly a technological revolution that has created new possibilities.However, do we really fully recognize the impact of this technology on our daily lives?
