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Do you know how bone marrow produces blood cells? Explore the secrets of this source of life!
A bone marrow examination is a pathological analysis of a sample of bone marrow obtained through a bone marrow biopsy (often called a biopsy) and a bone marrow aspiration. This test can be used to diagnose a variety of diseases including leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, anemia and pancytopenia. Let’s take a closer look at how the bone marrow produces blood cells including platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
Bone marrow is the production center of blood cells and its importance is self-evident.
Components of the Bone Marrow Examination Procedure
When a bone marrow examination is done, a sample is usually obtained by aspiration and biopsy. These two approaches can sometimes be used in combination. The aspiration produces a semifluid volume of bone marrow that can be examined under a light microscope and analyzed by flow cytometry, chromosome analysis, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A small cylindrical sample of solid bone marrow, usually 2 mm wide and 2 cm long (about 80 μL), is obtained through a biopsy and is examined microscopically.
Testing of these samples can reveal the cellularity of the bone marrow and the presence or absence of an invasive process.
Parts to be examined
A bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is usually done in the posterior portion of the pelvis, specifically the posterior superior iliac spine of the hip bone. Aspiration can also be obtained from the sternum, but biopsies should be avoided from the sternum to avoid damaging blood vessels, lungs, or heart. In children younger than 2 years, bone marrow aspiration may be done from the tibia, and lumbar puncture is often done from the spinous processes of the spine.
Inspection execution process
A bone marrow biopsy can be done at a healthcare provider's office or in a hospital. Informed consent from the patient is usually required. The patient will lie on his or her stomach or side, and the area of skin to be examined will be cleansed and a local anesthetic will be injected to reduce pain. After this, a bone marrow extraction is usually performed first, with the needle being passed through the skin until it contacts the bone.
The entire procedure usually takes about 10 to 15 minutes after the preparation is complete, and the patient may experience mild discomfort for a few days afterwards.
Contraindications and complications of the test
Although there are not many contraindications to bone marrow examination, it is important to note that thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders should not be contraindications as long as it is performed by a skilled clinician. Additionally, complications from a bone marrow examination, while rare, can occur in certain situations, such as bleeding. In this report, a large retrospective study found only 26 serious adverse events in 55,000 bone marrow examinations.
The production relationship between bone marrow and blood
The bone marrow is the original site of blood cell production. The cell production process here is important because it is directly related to the health of the body. Examination of the bone marrow provides critical information in a wide variety of medical conditions, including the diagnosis of various blood disorders and cancer. Doctors use these tests to gain insight into their patients' health.
These tests reveal not only the number of blood cells, but also the secrets of the cells themselves.
The workings of bone marrow are a complex and delicate biological process that is still being better understood. With the development of science and technology, we are able to better understand these processes and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. So, how will the relationship between humans and this source of life change with future technological advances?
