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Do you know how humans use the cooperation of hands and eyes to complete seemingly simple actions?
In daily life, we often perform seemingly simple actions, such as pouring water or picking up items, but behind them are complex physiological processes and exquisite coordination abilities. Through the cooperation of hand-eye coordination, we can accurately perform these actions, which involves how multiple physiological mechanisms coordinate with each other so that each of our movements can be precise and smooth.
Motion coordination is the process of multiple body parts working together, which requires adjusting kinematics and motion mechanics parameters for each part participating in the movement.
One of the basic principles of movement coordination is understanding the "degrees of freedom" of our bodies. This means that when performing a goal-directed action, our bodies have many different ways to achieve it. For example, when we stand up or point to an object, these movements are not a single movement, but are composed of multiple complex muscle coordinations.
The famous physiologist Nikolai Bernstein pointed out that there is no one-to-one correspondence between an action and the coordination pattern of neurons and muscles.
This means that in the process of completing an action, we can use different coordination methods to achieve the same result. Therefore, the application of hand-eye coordination is particularly important. Think back to when we pick up a water bottle and pour it into a cup. This seemingly simple act actually involves several steps: reaching for the water bottle correctly, configuring the hand to grasp the bottle, and applying the appropriate grip. to avoid squeezing the bottle, coordinate your muscles to lift the bottle and pour the water into the cup, and finally return the empty bottle to the table.
This process emphasizes the importance of hand-eye coordination, because our hands and eyes must work simultaneously, adjusting based on feedback from sensory information. Through visual information, our hands can perform the required actions more accurately, which involves a process of multi-sensory integration.
When the hands work together, the functional parts of the two hands need to be closely synchronized, which indicates that there is a higher-level "coordination framework" operating behind the scenes.
When walking, the coordination of limbs is also very important. This is called "inter-limb coordination", which involves the temporal pattern and kinematics of movements. For example, studies have shown that different walking speeds lead to different gait patterns in order to minimize the energy consumption of movement. This is not just a physical process, multiple areas of the brain also work together to facilitate coordination between limbs.
In a two-hand operation, research has found that the functional parts of the hands are often closely related, which also shows that there are multiple areas in the brain that jointly promote this coordination process.
In coordinating actions, the role of sensory feedback is often indispensable, helping to adjust and optimize the execution of actions.
In addition, the internal coordination of the limbs cannot be ignored, which involves how to coordinate the movements of various joints in the limbs. By controlling the motion trajectory and torque of each joint, we can achieve the ideal overall motion. Many studies have shown that this control strategy changes according to specific tasks, which also reflects the high adaptability of our nervous system to different tasks.
Eye-hand coordination is closely linked to movement planning, which means that our visual system plays a key role in guiding our hands to perform goal-directed movements.
This suggests that coordination between hands and eyes is not limited to executing movements but reflects more complex cognitive processes.
Finally, we can think about how behind all this movement coordination is achieved through learning and adaptation? How do humans gradually improve their movement coordination abilities and accuracy through constant feedback and learning?
