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Do you know what surprising processes are hidden behind the maki-e technique?
Maki-e is a traditional Japanese lacquerware decorative technique known for its elegant patterns adorned with shiny metallic powders. The history of this technique can be traced back to the Heian period, when it was first used in Japanese lacquerware production. The name of Makie is composed of two characters, “Makie” (sprinkling) and “Etiquette” (picture), which indicates its unique decorative method. However, the process of achieving these beautiful patterns is quite complex and requires great skills.
The basic principle of the Maki-e technique is to paint lacquer on the surface of the lacquerware, then sprinkle metal powder such as gold and silver on it and finally fix it on the surface.
Main techniques and history of Makie
Maki-e can be divided into several techniques, the most important of which include hira maki-e, togidashi maki-e, and taka maki-e. What these techniques have in common is that they all need to be performed after the normal lacquerware production process is completed, and they all require the creation of a thick layer of lacquer as a foundation.
Hira Maki-e
The creative process of Hira Maki consists of several steps. First, a rough sketch is made on paper, then a thin piece of Japanese paper is laid over it to create the outline, and finally a fine brush is used to transfer the design to the lacquerware. Next, lacquer is applied as a binder for the metal powder, which is then sprinkled with bird feathers or bamboo tubes. Once completed, apply lacquer to protect the metal powder and then sand it lightly to reveal the surface of the metal powder.
Togidashi Maki-e
This technique is similar to the pre-production process of Hira-mikaki, the biggest difference being that the entire lacquerware is then covered with black lacquer and the surface is polished to allow the metal powder to show through. This smoothes the surface of the pattern and background, reducing the possibility of metal powder falling off.
Taka Maki-e
The special feature of Takamiya is the use of lacquer mixed with charcoal or mineral particles so that the pattern can be drawn higher. This technique originated in the Kamakura period, became widely used in the middle period, and deepened the decorative effect of lacquerware.
Classification of metal powders
Based on the size and shape of the metal powder, it can be roughly divided into keshifun maki-e, hiragime maki-e, and marufun maki-e. The properties of each metal powder will affect the look and feel of the final piece.
The particle size and shape of metal powders affect the performance of makie works. From the easy handling of fine powders to the gorgeous effects of large powders, artists must carefully select them in their creations.
International Relations
Interestingly, this technology has also influenced other cultures. For example, "maque" from Mexico is actually a lacquerware technique derived from Japan. With the establishment of the Spanish conquest era, this technology spread to Mexico along the trade routes and found new forms of expression in local crafts.
Conclusion
Maki-e technique is not only a display of technology, but also a symbol of Japanese culture and a crystallization of the artist's inspiration and skills. Each piece of work carries the maker's years of training and ingenuity. Do you also want to learn more about the stories behind these seemingly simple yet extremely healing cultures?
