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From deserts to rainforests: What are the world's most extreme natural environments like?
There are diverse and extreme natural environments on the earth, from the dryness of deserts to the humidness of rainforests. These environments have given birth to different ecosystems and life forms. The formation of these extreme environments is closely related to the earth's geological activities, water cycle, and climate change.
Desert: extremely dry living environment
Deserts are among the most extreme environments on Earth, with annual rainfall typically less than 250 mm. The climate here is characterized by high temperatures and dryness, and the biodiversity is relatively low, but it has amazing biological adaptability.
Many desert organisms have characteristics adapted to dry environments, such as small mammals that conserve water by reducing sweating, and some plants that remain dormant for long periods of time until rainfall arrives.
Rainforest: a vibrant ecosystem
Compared to the desert, the rainforest is another extreme concept with a flourishing ecosystem. Tropical rainforests have annual rainfall of up to 3,000 mm, are rich in plant and animal species, and many ecosystems thrive here.
Tropical rainforests are one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on earth, with more than fifty species coexisting in each area, forming an interdependent network among these species.
The impact of climate change
As climate change intensifies, ecosystems in these two extreme environments are coming under increasing pressure. Desert areas may become increasingly dry, making it difficult for plants and animals to survive. At the same time, rainforests also face challenges from deforestation and rising temperatures.
Climate change has put species in tropical rainforests at risk of extinction, with many organisms unable to adapt to the rapidly changing environment.
Biological adaptation in extreme environments
In these extreme environments, organisms often display amazing adaptability. Cacti in the desert are known for their unique water storage mechanisms; while various species in the rainforest develop brightly colored appearances to attract pollinators.
These creatures have adapted to the challenges of their environment, demonstrating the resilience of life to survive in different conditions.
Conclusion: Diversity and fragility of the natural environment
From deserts to rainforests, Earth's ecosystems are incredibly diverse, but they are also extremely fragile. With the impact of human activities, these extreme environments are facing unprecedented challenges. How should we better understand and protect these precious natural environments?
