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From injury to healing: the truth behind tooth root resorption!
Root resorption, or root resorption, is an ongoing pathological process in teeth that occurs with the gradual loss of the tooth's root. This phenomenon occurs in permanent teeth and in some cases deciduous teeth, and for many people it is important to understand the reasons and pathological mechanisms behind this process.
What is root resorption?
Root resorption is the progressive loss of dentin and cementum in the tooth root caused by cementolytic interacting cells called odontoblasts. Although this process is a normal physiological phenomenon during the shedding of deciduous teeth, pathological root resorption may occur in permanent teeth.
Causes of root resorption
The process of root resorption is usually caused by chronic stimulation, such as pulp necrosis, trauma, periodontal treatment, orthodontic activities and tooth whitening.
It is worth noting that these stimuli will destroy the protective layer of the tooth root, exposing the internal dentin to the stimulation, thereby causing the tooth root to be absorbed. Other less common causes may include pressure caused by malpositioned teeth, cysts, and tumors.
Pathophysiology of root resorption
The pathophysiological mechanism of root resorption is not fully understood, but studies have shown that odontoblasts play a vital role in the resorption process of the root surface. These cells are able to break down bone, cartilage, and dentin.
When inflammation causes damage to the tooth root, various cytokines that promote the activation of odontocytes are produced.
If the irritation is temporary, cessation of the resorption process and healing will occur; however, if the irritation persists, root resorption will continue and may even lead to complete destruction of the root tissue.
Classification of root resorption
Depending on the source, root resorption can be divided into internal resorption and external resorption.
Internal root resorption
Internal resorption refers to the loss of dentin from the middle and apical parts of the root canal and is usually detected by imaging.
External root resorption
External resorption is the loss of tooth surface structure. This process is further divided into several types:
- External inflammatory root resorption: mainly caused by trauma and damage to the periodontal ligament.
- External cervical root resorption: A localized focus of resorption that develops at the site of a tooth fracture, usually without damaging the pulp.
- External replacement root resorption: Replacement of the root surface by bone, which may result in continued root resorption.
During the orthodontic process, orthodontic-induced external root resorption (OIERR) may occur. Improper application of force may lead to pain and damage from root resorption.
It is important for dentists to perform ongoing screening X-rays to detect these conditions.
There is currently no optimal treatment option, so the management of each case is determined based on the clinical situation. As we delve deeper into this area, new treatments may emerge.
However, do you have enough knowledge about potential root resorption problems to seek prompt diagnosis and treatment?
