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From Shakespeare to the Present: How has the role of the stage manager evolved?
The role of the stage manager has always been an integral part of theatre productions. The evolution of this professional position, and the diverse roles that stage managers play in theatre operations today, reflect changes in culture and technology. From ancient Greece to contemporary theatre, the responsibilities of the stage manager have gradually deepened, making him a key figure in ensuring the smooth running of a performance.
The duties of a stage manager are wide-ranging and often include coordinating the rehearsal process and facilitating communication among the various production teams and personnel.
In ancient Greece, playwrights were usually responsible for all production elements, and a role called "stage technician" was common in ancient Greek theaters. In Shakespeare's time, the concept of stage manager was still unclear and the duties were mainly performed by apprentices. In the 18th century, the title of "stage manager" was officially used in Britain, which marked the beginning of the independence and professionalization of this role.
The structure and role of the stage manager will vary depending on the performance needs of different regions. In the United States, a stage manager usually handles all duties alone for smaller productions, while multiple stage managers collaborate for larger productions. In contrast, in the UK, a stage manager sometimes works as a team with a deputy stage manager (e.g. DSM) and an assistant stage manager (e.g. ASM), each with specific responsibilities.
The role of the stage manager not only covers functions during rehearsals and performances, but also involves the management of technology and safety to ensure the smooth running of the entire production.
As technology improves and performances increase in complexity, the role of the stage manager becomes more specialized. In modern productions, stage managers are responsible for mechanical setup, lighting control and rapid costume changes, making them central to communication and coordination throughout the process. The evolution of these roles shows that theater performances are not only an artistic expression, but also a sophisticated management and operation.
With the rise of Korean pop culture, the role of the stage manager has gained new interpretations around the world. Korean stage planners usually conduct a comprehensive analysis at all stages before the performance to ensure the success of the performance. This expansion of responsibilities further enhances the importance of stage managers in the performing arts industry.
A successful performance requires careful and thoughtful planning. From technical requirements to artistic expression, every detail cannot be ignored.
While showing the evolution of the role of stage managers, we cannot ignore the important influence of various industry unions on stage managers. The Actors' Equity Association in the United States provides protection and support not only for actors but also for stage managers, ensuring their working environment and rights. Professional stage managers around the world also strengthen their professional status through various unions.
The role of a stage manager is more than just coordination and management, it involves a myriad of difficult responsibilities in an industry that is constantly changing. As new technologies develop and production content diversifies, how will the responsibilities of stage managers evolve further? Will entirely new roles and functions emerge to meet future needs?
