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Genes and alcohol: what explains the common facial flushing phenomenon in Asians?
The facial flushing phenomenon common among Asians, often called the "Asian flush" or "Asian glow," occurs after drinking alcohol, leaving many people confused about the reaction. This is not only related to physiological reactions, but also involves genetic factors, which makes some ethnic groups react differently to others after drinking alcohol.
Alcohol flush reaction refers to the flushing or blotchiness on the face and body after drinking alcoholic beverages. This is mainly caused by excessive accumulation of acetaldehyde.
This phenomenon is common in East Asian populations, such as Chinese, Japanese and Koreans. About 30% to 50% of these people will show physiological reactions after drinking, not only facial flushing, but also nausea and headaches. and discomfort such as accelerated heartbeat. This response appears to reduce the tendency for people who drink to binge drink, as the unpleasant consequences make people prefer not to drink.
Genetic influence
Studies have shown that Asian flushing is associated with specific gene variations. About 20% to 30% of East Asians carry the rs671 (ALDH2*2) allele. This gene variation reduces the function of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, resulting in a decrease in the ability to decompose acetaldehyde in the body.
Most East Asians have a gene variant that quickly converts alcohol into acetaldehyde, putting them at higher health risks after drinking.
In addition, according to the study, the prevalence of this gene variation in East Asia is related to the spread of rice cultivation. Although it is not clear what caused the selective pressure, scientists speculate that high concentrations of acetaldehyde may provide some protection against certain parasitic infections.
Physiological reactionsSome people with hot flashes due to ALDH2 deficiency are homozygous, having two hypoactive alleles, or heterozygous, having one hypoactive and one normal allele. The pain and discomfort that homozygotes experience when drinking alcohol would normally make it easier for them to avoid alcohol, thus protecting them from esophageal cancer.
People with ALDH2 deficiency have a four to eight times higher risk of esophageal cancer than normal drinkers, especially those who also lack the corresponding ADH variant.
However, heterozygotes may continue to drink alcohol even with the flushing reaction, which puts them at a relatively increased risk of cancer.
Diagnostic Methods
The most accurate way to measure the flush reaction after drinking is to test the level of acetaldehyde in the body. This can be done through a breath test or a blood test. In addition, genetic testing to analyze levels of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes can predict the magnitude of an individual's response.
Early identification of the risk of ALDH2 deficiency can help individuals better manage their drinking behaviors and reduce health risks.
Other similar symptoms and differential diagnosis
Sometimes, alcohol-induced respiratory reactions, including rhinitis and worsening asthma, may be related to a direct effect of alcohol. Additionally, rosacea (dimples) is a facial skin condition that may be made worse by alcohol.
Further exploration could also involve alcoholism, which is due to the intense flushing and other systemic problems caused by alcohol. After a detailed examination and testing, your doctor can help differentiate these similar conditions so that you can get prompt medical attention.
ConclusionWhile there are clear physiological and genetic explanations for the Asian flushing phenomenon, it also reflects a deeper sociocultural issue involving personal experience, health risks and drinking habits. As people pay more attention to their health, how to view and manage drinking behavior will become a question worth pondering?
