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Hidden secrets in the lymphatic system: Do you know how lymphedema affects the immune system?
Lymphedema is a localized swelling condition caused by damage to the lymphatic system, which often has an overlooked impact on the immune system. As more and more people experience this condition, it becomes crucial to understand the workings of the lymphatic system and the impact of edema. As part of the body's immune system, the main function of the lymphatic system is to return interstitial fluid to the blood circulation, but when this system is damaged, the results can be dangerous.
Signs and symptoms of lymphedema
The most common symptom of lymphedema is soft tissue swelling (edema), while as the disease progresses, skin changes such as skin color changes, warty growths, and hyperkeratosis may occur.
In addition, patients are at an increased risk of skin infections because the lymphatic system is unable to eliminate harmful bacteria and impurities. Because lymphedema is progressive and irreversible, it is important to seek treatment promptly to relieve symptoms.
Causes and risk factors of lymphedema
Lymphedema can be divided into congenital (edema) and acquired (caused by surgery, infection, etc.). In a healthy lymphatic system, fluid should be able to flow efficiently, but after cancer treatment, especially after lymph node removal, its flow can be affected and fluid retention can occur.
Postoperative lymphedema does not tend to occur immediately after surgery; patients may begin to experience symptoms months or even years later.
Old age, being overweight and conditions such as arthritis are risk factors. Especially in Western countries, most patients after cancer treatment experience edema in the chest or lower limbs, which is related to the surgical removal of lymph nodes.
Physiology of the Lymphatic SystemLymph is made up of fluid filtered from the blood and contains substances such as proteins, cell debris and bacteria. The proper functioning of the lymphatic system is essential for removing waste from the body and sensing harmful microorganisms.
Chronic inflammation is considered to be an important factor in the development of lymphedema. Studies have shown that there is a close correlation between the occurrence of lymphedema and Th cells and Th2 immune response.
Studies have shown that the development of lymphedema may be caused by persistent lymphatic quiescence and infiltration of CD4+ T cells, leading to tissue inflammation and fibrosis, which directly affects the normal function of the immune system.
Diagnosis and grading of lymphedema
The diagnosis of lymphedema is generally based on symptoms and a physical examination, by measuring changes in the circumference of the affected area. As the swelling worsens, your doctor may use further imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Using techniques such as bioimpedance testing, it is possible to more accurately determine the severity of lymphedema.
The International Society of Lymphology (ISL) has a grading system that divides the disease into four stages, ranging from mild edema to irreversible severe edema, based on the severity of symptoms.
Treatment options for lymphedemaWhile there is no cure for lymphedema, symptoms can be improved through a variety of treatments, including compression therapy, good skin care, moderate exercise, and manual lymphatic drainage. The combination of these methods is called comprehensive reduction and filling treatment.
Compression therapy and manual lymphatic drainage are often effective in reducing edema in patients after breast cancer surgery.
In addition to these treatments, patients also need to pay special attention to possible skin infections, because repeated infections can further damage the lymphatic system, forming a vicious cycle.
Long-term physical and mental challenges of edema
Lymphedema not only affects physical health, but also causes psychological pressure on patients. The changes in appearance caused by edema may lead to body image disturbance and affect a person's social life and emotional well-being. Understanding lymphedema and its effects can help patients and healthcare providers better manage the condition.
Lymphedema is a complex health problem that affects the immune system and alters the patient's quality of life. Have you ever wondered how you can make life better for people with lymphedema and reduce the impact of this disease?
