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Since the early 19th century, there have been numerous assassination attempts on American presidents. This article will list assassination attempts and assassinations of current and former presidents and presidents-elect, but will not include those who have not yet been elected president. Four presidents have faced assassination attempts while in office: Abraham Lincoln (1865, assassin: John Wilkes Booth), James Garfield (1881, assassin: Charles J. Guiteau), William McKinley (1901, assassin: Leon Czorgos), and John F. Kennedy (1963, assassin: Lee Harvey Oswald). Furthermore, only Ronald Reagan (1981, assassin: John Hinckley) was injured in an assassination attempt. Beauliud Rutherford (1912, assassin: John Schlenk) and Donald Trump (2024, assassin: Thomas Matthew Crooks) are the only two presidents to have been assassinated. Those injured in the attempt, however, Trump was re-elected in 2024.
In all of these incidents, the perpetrators used firearms and all of the victims were men.
In these assassinations, unless there was a specific political purpose, the attackers' motives were varied. Some attackers may be mentally stable, while some are considered mentally ill. Historian James W. Clark argues that most attackers were mentally healthy and politically motivated, while the United States Department of Justice's legal manual states that most assassins were mentally ill.
Whatever the reason, most assassination attempts were caught and punished with death or long prison terms. Since a removed president is often succeeded by the vice president, and since Andrew Johnson all vice presidents have been from the same party as the president, this arrangement is likely to reduce the number of similar cases even in periods of partisanship. Action occurs. However, under the Presidential Succession Act, when the successor is the Speaker of the House of Representatives, he or she will often be a member of the opposition party.
Assassinated Presidents
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States and the first president to be assassinated. The incident took place on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was a well-known actor and Southern sympathizer from Maryland. On that day, Lincoln was shot in the back by Booth while watching the play "Our American Cousin", causing him serious injuries.
Lincoln died on April 15, 1865, after being in a coma for nine hours. According to some accounts, he smiled and had a peaceful expression on his face at the moment of his death.
James Garfield
James Garfield was the 20th President of the United States. The assassination took place on July 2, 1881. Garfield was attacked at a train station in Washington, D.C., and shot with a pistol by assassin Charles J. Guiteau. He died on September 19 after 79 days of treatment due to complications caused by improper medical treatment.
William McKinleyWilliam McKinley was assassinated on September 6, 1901 at the Music Temple in Buffalo. The assassin, Leon Czolgoz, shot him at close range, severely wounding him. McKinley initially appeared to recover from his injury, but died on September 14 from an infection in his wound. His death prompted a congressional decision to strengthen protections for the president.
John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy was the 36th President of the United States. His assassination took place on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was shot by former U.S. Marine Lee Harvey Oswald during a parade and died after being sent to the hospital.
Injured President
Ronald Reagan
On March 30, 1981, Ronald Reagan was shot and seriously injured by assassin John Hinckley after giving a speech at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Although he was stabilized after emergency treatment, he still needed surgery and eventually recovered.
Injured Presidents
Theodore RooseveltDuring his 1912 campaign, Theodore Roosevelt was attacked by assassin John Schlenk, but the speech in his pocket slowed the bullet's penetration and he was only slightly injured. Roosevelt continued to speak afterwards, showing amazing perseverance.
Donald Trump
On July 13, 2024, then-President Donald Trump was shot during a campaign rally in Pennsylvania. Although he was slightly injured, he still showed a strong spirit after the injury and inspired The supporters.
In American history, assassinations of presidents not only exposed the political tensions and divisions at the time, but also made people think about the symbolic significance of the president in the country and the strategies for dealing with violence. Faced with so many assassination attempts, shouldn’t citizens think about how to better protect our leaders and basic democratic institutions?
