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How did tumor M2-PK become a revolutionary marker for early cancer detection?
Early detection of cancer plays an important role in today's medicine, and the emergence of tumor M2-PK has brought revolutionary changes to this field. Tumor M2-PK, the dimeric form of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), is an enzyme that plays a key role in tumor metabolism. This emerging biomarker not only shows elevation in multiple tumor types, but its measurement in stool and EDTA plasma also makes it a promising early screening tool.
Important tool to advance colorectal cancer screening
Measurement of tumor M2-PK in feces has been considered as a potential marker for intestinal tumors. Studies have shown that tumor M2-PK has a sensitivity of 85% for colon cancer when measured in feces at a cutoff of 4 U/ml. For rectal cancer, the sensitivity dropped to 56%. Despite this, its specificity is as high as 95%, and its independence from occult blood enables it to detect bleeding or non-bleeding colon cancer and adenomas with high sensitivity.
Measuring tumor M2-PK in stool samples, followed by colonoscopy for confirmation, may lead to a breakthrough in the early detection of colon cancer.
Follow-up indicators in cancer treatment
The application of tumor M2-PK in EDTA plasma samples provides new opportunities for treatment follow-up of different cancers. The study found that patients with kidney, lung, breast, cervix and digestive system tumors had significantly increased tumor M2-PK levels in EDTA plasma, and these values were correlated with the tumor stage. When tumor M2-PK levels decrease and remain low during treatment, this generally indicates treatment success. If the data increases, we need to be alert to the risk of recurrence or metastasis.
Changes in tumor M2-PK can not only predict therapeutic efficacy but also provide an assessment of survival chances.
Structure and function of M2-PK
M2-PK exists in cells in two forms: tetramer and dimer. The common tetrameric form has a high affinity for its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and is extremely active at physiological PEP concentrations. In tumor cells, M2-PK mainly exists in the form of dimers, which reduces the energy metabolism efficiency of tumor cells and promotes a series of synthetic processes, such as the synthesis of nucleic acids, phospholipids and amino acids, which are all important for tumor cell proliferation. The basic components required.
Discovery of tumor markers and future prospects
The potential of tumor M2-PK as an early screening marker undoubtedly brings new ideas to the early detection and treatment of cancer. In addition, its application in different cancer types also shows its versatility and potential. The study also found that when used in combination with traditional tumor markers, tumor M2-PK can significantly improve the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis.
Can tumor M2-PK be used as a standardized tool for future cancer detection, which will change our diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the near future?
