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How has bone regeneration technology advanced so rapidly since 1959?
Since 1959, bone regeneration technology has experienced significant development. Initially, this technology was mainly focused on wound repair, but over time, its applications gradually expanded to oral medicine, especially dentistry. With continued research into biomedical technology, this technology is now an important tool in the treatment of bad teeth and missing teeth.
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are surgical procedures that use barrier membranes to guide the growth of new bone and gum tissue in situations where bone stock or gums are insufficient.
Guided bone regeneration usually refers to an expansion procedure to repair the jawbone, while guided tissue regeneration usually involves the regeneration of periodontal attachment tissue. Key to these techniques is the use of barrier membranes to prevent the growth of unnecessary cells, which allows the preferred tissue to grow.
GBR is considered a reliable and proven procedure when using bone grafting and precise surgical techniques. In 1982, barrier membranes were first applied in dentistry to promote periodontal tissue regeneration, which laid the foundation for future bone regeneration methods.
Historical background
The concept of bone regeneration originated from orthopedic research in 1959, but the theoretical basis for guiding tissue regeneration was proposed by Melcher in 1976. In the 1980s, with the advancement of periodontal research, researchers began to focus on how to use guided bone regeneration technology to repair alveolar bone defects.
The principle of guided bone regeneration was first explored by Dahlin et al. in 1988 and confirmed in 1994 by Kostopoulos and Karring.
A four-stage process, referred to as PASS, is critical for successful regeneration of bone and other tissues, including: primary wound closure, angiogenesis, space creation and maintenance, and wound stability.
Applications and Technology
The technology of barrier film application is crucial in dentistry, not only providing mechanical protection but also ensuring that the treatment site maintains a suitable environment to promote the growth of bone tissue. Choosing the right barrier membrane is key to success, and both the biocompatibility and spatial maintenance capabilities of the membrane need to be considered.
Barrier membranes should meet the following criteria: be biocompatible, exclude unnecessary cell types, allow tissue integration, create and maintain space, and be easy to trim and place.
At present, two common barrier films in the dental field are absorbable films and non-absorbable films. Non-absorbable membranes are mainly expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE). This type of membrane became the most commonly used material for bone regeneration in the 1990s. It can effectively prevent the entry of fibroblasts, so that the bone regeneration process can be accelerated.
Indications and Contraindications
The indications of bone regeneration technology include the enhancement of bone around dental implants and the preservation of alveolar bone after tooth extraction. However, there are also some contraindications, such as smoking, insufficient oral hygiene, large bone defects, etc., which will affect the treatment effect.
Potential complications include successful treatment, infection, and functional impairment.
Future Outlook
With the advancement of working technology, the development of new materials and the vigorous development of biotechnology, bone regeneration technology will surely usher in a new leap. Each new development reminds us how to achieve better bone tissue reconstruction in future medicine.
In this rapidly developing field, what exciting breakthroughs do you think will happen in the future?
