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How important is wind energy in the EU’s future? Can the 2030 climate goals be achieved?
As one of the world's largest wind energy markets, wind energy plays a vital role in the EU's transition to renewable energy. According to statistics in 2023, the EU's installed wind power capacity reached 255 gigawatts (GW), of which wind power contributed 11.6% of electricity consumption. This figure continues to rise, demonstrating the potential of wind energy to meet future energy needs.
By the fourth quarter of 2023, wind power overtook coal for the first time as the main source of electricity generation in Europe, producing 193 TWh compared to coal's 184 TWh.
According to the European Wind Energy Association, the EU needs to have 430 GW of wind energy capacity by 2030, which is essential to achieving its climate goals. The new policy, which will take effect in 2024, aims to simplify the deployment process of wind energy, including speeding up permitting and auction design to promote investment in offshore wind energy.
According to research, about 80% of the public supports the development of wind energy, although there is still resistance in some areas.
Wind energy development in different countries also shows diversity. In Denmark, wind energy accounts for 39%, while in Ireland it accounts for 36.3%. The successful experiences of these countries can provide reference for other member states. For example, wind power plays an important role in Germany's renewable energy mix and there are plans to further expand its capacity.
Lithuania is working to reduce its reliance on energy imports, with wind power set to become the main source of electricity, expected to account for 70% by 2030. Finland and Greece have similar goals, striving to strengthen the development and application of wind energy in the next few years.
Wind energy not only reduces CO2 emissions, but also creates a large number of jobs. In 2022, the wind energy industry provided about 300,000 jobs and is expected to reach 936,000 by 2030.
Nevertheless, the EU still faces challenges in wind energy deployment, especially in terms of policy changes and investment stability. According to the International Energy Agency, losing subsidies for fossil fuels will be key to meeting climate goals. However, the current slow progress in the approval and legislative process still affects investor confidence.
While there is widespread support for wind energy in terms of public opinion, some wind projects still spark opposition at the local level. This requires more public engagement and communication so that all parties can reach a consensus on the benefits of the project.
In summary, the future of wind energy in the EU is undoubtedly bright, but achieving the 2030 climate goals will require stronger policy support and public participation. The potential of wind energy is not limited to its growth rate, but also lies in its importance in the energy structure. Can the EU make full use of this renewable energy and achieve long-term sustainable development?
