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How to control the size of platinum nanoparticles: What can make the particles bigger or smaller?
Platinum nanoparticles have been widely studied for their potential in a variety of applications, leading scientists to explore different synthesis methods to control their size and shape. Platinum nanoparticles usually exist in the form of suspension or colloid in liquid, such as water. In these suspensions, the size of the white gold nanoparticles can fluctuate between about 2 and 100 nanometers (nm), depending on the reaction conditions.
There are many methods to synthesize platinum gold nanoparticles. One of the most common methods is to use a stabilizer or capping agent to reduce the platinum ion precursor to form colloidal nanoparticles. These precursors include potassium chloroplatinate (K2PtCl6) and platinum chloride (PtCl2), using a reducing agent such as hydrogen (H2) or sodium hydride (NaBH4). In these synthetic processes, the final size of the particles is affected by many factors, including the choice of precursors, the ratio of stabilizer to precursor, and the reaction temperature.
The variation of these factors can cause the size of platinum nanoparticles to range from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, which lays the foundation for its application in different fields.
In addition, previous studies have shown that changing the solvent type and environmental conditions during the synthesis process may also affect the shape and size of platinum nanoparticles. For example, changes in additives, such as hexadecylamine (HDA) or other strong capping agents, can be used to obtain the desired particle shape. When strong capping agents are used, the shape of the nanoparticles usually remains unchanged, and the stability of this shape can be controlled.
These studies show that the control of particle shape depends not only on the selection of precursors and additives, but also on the specific operations during the reaction and the role of stabilizers.
At the same time, in recent years, there has been research on the environmentally friendly synthesis of platinum nanoparticles, using plant extracts as reducing agents to help reduce the environmental impact of the synthesis process. This method is not only feasible, but the synthesized platinum nanoparticles have good shape control and meet environmental protection standards.
The physical and chemical properties of platinum nanoparticles make them potential for application in many fields such as electronics, catalysis and drug delivery. Their catalytic performance is particularly outstanding and they are widely used in hydrogen fuel cells, industrial nitrogen acid synthesis and exhaust gas catalysis. These properties are affected by the shape and size of the particles, so it is crucial to find effective methods to control size and shape.
Such subtle changes may bring unexpected results, thus affecting its application efficiency in various industries.
In addition, the optical properties of platinum gold nanoparticles also show a lot of potential in visible light applications. Although platinum nanoparticles have surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics in the ultraviolet region, their application prospects in electronic products can still be explored by adjusting the synthesis conditions. Research shows that the application of platinum nanoparticles in semiconductor materials has the potential to further promote the development of solar energy conversion technology.
Finally, PgAuNPs of different sizes and shapes may have multiple effects in biological systems. These effects have the potential to be therapeutic, but also carry potential toxicity risks, as the high reactivity of nanoparticles may cause unnecessary cell damage in vivo. Therefore, understanding the science of controlling the size of platinum nanoparticles is one of the current research hotspots.
As technology advances, how to balance the optimal synthesis conditions of platinum gold nanoparticles to fully realize their potential while avoiding damage to organisms will become a major challenge that scientists need to solve. How do you think the application of platinum nanoparticles will change in the future and how will it change our lives?
