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Known as the 'green gold mine'! How does Tithonia diversifolia change the nutritional fate of soil?
As global agricultural development faces increasing challenges, Tithonia diversifolia (widely known as Mexican sunflower or tree marigold) has received widespread attention for its potential soil improvement capabilities. This plant, native to Mexico and Central America, has now become a prescription for farmers around the world, especially in Africa’s crisis-ridden agricultural environment, which further demonstrates its value as a “green gold mine”.
Overview of plant characteristics
Tithonia diversifolia is usually between 2 and 3 meters tall, with erect stems and a woody shrub-like appearance. Its leaves have characteristic serrated edges and are slightly gray. The plant's flowers range in color from yellow to orange, have a strong honey aroma, and can reach 15 cm in diameter. They usually bloom in spring and autumn.
Tithonia diversifolia's flowers are dispersed in nature with the help of wind, rain and animals, allowing it to quickly occupy multiple ecological niches.
History and geographical distribution
When Tithonia diversifolia was introduced to Africa and Asia as an ornamental plant, it not only successfully "rooted" but also evolved into a widespread invasive weed. The plant is best adapted to high altitudes and its drought tolerance allows it to grow in a variety of climate conditions, which is critical to meeting the challenges posed by climate change.
Cultivation and economic potential
Although Tithonia diversifolia does not require large amounts of nutrients to grow, its potential as an organic fertilizer is one of the reasons why it has received widespread attention. Studies have shown that using this plant as fertilizer can not only increase the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the soil, but also significantly increase crop yields. Here are some economic data and labor requirements for this plant as a fertilizer:
One study showed that when fields were fertilized with Tithonia diversifolia, yields averaged $494 per hectare, compared to $50 per hectare with phosphate fertilizer alone.
Biomass and Environmental Impact
The biomass of Tithonia diversifolia is used as organic fertilizer, and the plant's leaves and stems act as mulch for the soil, providing a continuous release of nutrients. This is valuable in maintaining soil fertility and preventing soil erosion, while increasing ecosystem diversity.
Symbolic meaning and multiple uses
In addition to being a fertilizer, Tithonia diversifolia also carries multiple cultural meanings, becoming the official flower of Dalat city in Vietnam and an introduced plant in Japan during the late Meiji period. The plant's soil-improving advantages have attracted global attention, and its use in sustainable development is constantly being explored.
Many farmers use Tithonia diversifolia as chicken feed, fuel wood and building materials, showing the importance of this plant in social and economic life.
As environmental concerns intensify, we should ask: Are there other neglected plants that could revolutionize our agricultural future like Tithonia diversifolia?
