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In the current wave of education reform, students' participation has gradually become the focus.Student participation is not only measured by grades, but also the emotions, behaviors, and cognition they invest in learning.Research shows that when students are truly involved in learning and work tirelessly in the face of challenges, their learning results will be significantly improved.However, in the United States, nearly 50% of new college students choose to drop out, a phenomenon that has caused educators to rethink the overall structure and reform direction of schools.
Student participation is one of the indicators of educational success, from classroom participation to off-campus activities, all of which are important contributions of students in the learning environment.
The definition of student participation continues to evolve over time.Traditionally, it has been used to describe the degree of participation of students in regular school activities, but in recent years, the term has gradually developed to a deeper level, emphasizing the active role students play in curriculum design, classroom management and even the overall school environment.Many studies have shown that student participation is crucial to school success, but the ever-changing definition shows that there is still much controversy in this regard.
In a study, student participation was described as “a manifestation of students’ aspirations and needs, who are eager to participate in the learning process and succeed in it.”
To establish an effective student engagement culture, teachers need to actively create an environment that promotes this response.First, all faculty and staff in the school should reach a consensus on the definition of student participation.Next, learning standards must be clearly expressed and timely and constructive feedback must be given.At the same time, schools should systematically help students master the skills they need to learn and demonstrate the value of learning.
The relationship between students and teachers and their interactions with each other are key factors in achieving student participation, especially among students with poor socio-economic backgrounds.
Indicators of student participation are not limited to activities within the school, but also include whether students are willing to put forward opinions and participate in school reform.One study showed that students with high engagement often showed lasting behavioral participation and positive emotional participation.These students will choose appropriate challenging tasks and demonstrate higher levels of effort and concentration.
However, the factors that influence student participation are actually multifaceted, including the interaction between the student’s internal experience and the external environment.On the one hand, the family environment, peers and social and cultural background can all affect students' learning experience; on the other hand, the school's support and resource allocation also play a key role.
For example, children from high social and economic families often have a higher chance of participating in educational activities, which in turn affects their learning engagement.
The study points out that students' internal participation can be divided into three aspects: behavioral participation, cognitive participation and emotional participation.Among them, behavioral participation refers to the degree of participation of students in learning, cognitive participation involves whether they actively think and challenge themselves, while emotional participation is students' emotional response to learning.
External factors are also crucial, such as the family's educational background, the allocation of social resources, and the influence of peers.Many studies have found that making friends with like-minded people will promote higher student engagement.In this case, students are willing to speak out and take the initiative to make suggestions during school activities.
In addition, more and more research is beginning to emphasize how social identities—such as race and social class—influence students’ participation, especially in the face of discrimination and insufficient resources.
In order to improve student participation, schools have long been exploring ways to measure participation.From self-report to data analysis, these methods can be used to assess student participation to help schools develop corresponding improvement strategies.In a digital learning environment, by analyzing students’ learning data, you can better understand how to improve students’ online participation.
Students who participate in the school team usually face a tug-of-war between academics and sports.The study found that these students' sense of participation in the learning environment is not as good as non-athletes, but may be more prominent due to the influence of the school team culture.
Whether from the perspective of gender or sports teams, studies have shown that athletes are involved in most educational purposes as well as other peers.
However, efforts to improve students' participation still need continuous improvement.How schools can build more inclusiveness and collaboration within the system, listen to students’ voices and support their growth will become the key to future educational reforms.Ultimately, we should think about a question: In future education, how should we adjust teaching methods to enhance students' sense of participation and create a better learning environment?
