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The amazing structure of nails: Why are nails so resistant to damage yet so fragile?
Everyone knows about the existence of nails, yet their complex structure and unique functions are often overlooked. Nails are not only a form of decoration, but also play an important role in human physiological structure. How do those tough nails resist the damage of everyday life and yet be so easily injured? This article will take an in-depth look at this amazing biological structure and uncover the mysteries of nails.
Basic structure of nails
Fingernails are protective plates at the ends of your digits, composed primarily of a strong protein called alpha-keratin. This polymer is not only found in nails, but is also widely found in the claws, hooves and horns of other vertebrates. The structure of the nail is mainly composed of the following parts:
- Nail Plate: The visible hard part.
- Nail Matrix: Living tissue that generates cells.
- Nail Bed: The skin beneath the nail plate.
- Lunula: The visible part of the nail.
Nail growth and repair
Nail growth is mainly carried out by the nail root located at the nail base. As new cells are continuously generated, old cells are pushed forward, forming a transparent and flattened nail plate. Generally, the growth rate of nails varies depending on different factors such as individual age, gender and diet. The growth rate of finger nails is generally faster than that of toenails.
The growth rate of fingernails is about 3.5 mm per month, while toe nails grow at about 1.6 mm per month.
Function and importance of nails
Healthy nails can protect the fingertips and surrounding soft tissues and enhance the sensitivity of the fingertips. Nails also serve as tools, helping us perform fine movements such as pulling out thorns from our fingertips or making cuts.
Nail penetration
The structure of nails is not completely impermeable. In fact, they are more permeable than skin. This means that harmful substances and some drugs can enter the skin through the nails, such as some disinfectants and cosmetic ingredients. Therefore, it is very important to keep your nails healthy and clean.
Nails and Health
The appearance of your nails can sometimes reflect your general health. For example, discoloration, cracks, or other unusual changes in your nails may indicate a nutritional deficiency or underlying health problem. These nail abnormalities often require professional medical examination to be diagnosed.
The health of your nails can often reflect your overall health and nutritional status.
Effects of nutrition on nails
The health of our nails is closely related to our diet. Deficiencies in certain nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, B12 and calcium, can lead to dry and brittle nails. Proper nutritional supplementation, such as biotin and vitamin C, can also help improve nail strength and overall health.
Nails in society and culture
Fingernails are not only physiologically important, but also play a role in social culture. Manicure and pedicure have become part of modern people's daily care and fashion. Various nail decoration and care techniques have emerged one after another, including artificial nails, gel nails and so on.
Evolution of nails
From an evolutionary perspective, nails evolved from the claws of earlier animals, allowing humans to perform more delicate and flexible movements. The flat shape and gentle curvature of the nail also help provide protection and support during climbing, digging, etc.
In summary, the structure of nails gives them excellent protective functions on the one hand, but on the other hand, they are also fragile and vulnerable. This wonderful compatibility makes nails a part of the human body, assuming important physiological and social functions, and also reflecting the individual's health status. So how do you balance the protection and fragility of your nails to ensure they remain healthy and beautiful?
