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The competition between SORI-CID and HCD: Which technology can reveal more molecular mysteries?
In today's mass spectroscopy, collision-induced dissociation (CID) is in fierce competition with SORI-CID (sustained non-resonant irradiation collision-induced dissociation) and HCD (high-energy collisional dissociation). These three technologies have their own advantages in exploring molecular structures, and their principles and applications undoubtedly provide scientists with powerful tools for molecular analysis.
Collision-induced dissociation is a technique in mass spectroscopy used to induce the fragmentation of selected ions in the gas phase, a process that is crucial for determining the structure of molecules.
The CID technique relies on increasing the kinetic energy of ions by applying an electric field and allowing them to collide with neutral gas molecules so that some of the kinetic energy is converted into internal energy, resulting in the breaking of bonds. Furthermore, the generated fragment ions can be further analyzed. The high efficiency of this process allows researchers to obtain important information about the structure of molecules and provides greater sensitivity and specificity when performing molecular identification.
The main difference between low-energy CID and high-energy CID is the range of ion kinetic energy. Low-energy CID is typically performed at kinetic energies of less than 1 kiloelectronvolt (1 keV), while high-energy CID involves kinetic energies between 1 keV and 20 keV. The fragment ions observed during the fragmentation process of low-energy CID are closely related to the kinetic energy. In addition, low-energy CID is more likely to rearrange the ion structure, while high-energy CID can generate some fragment ions that cannot be formed in low-energy CID, which is especially important for some molecules with specific side chain structures.
High-energy CID technology can detect fragments that are not found in low-energy CID, expanding the application of mass spectroscopy in molecular analysis.
In practical applications, triple quadrupole mass spectrometers use CID for molecular detection. The first quadrupole (Q1) of the instrument acts as a mass filter, selectively passing certain ions that are then accelerated to the second quadrupole (Q2, the collision cell). In Q2, the ions collide with neutral gas and fragment, and the resulting fragment ions enter the third quadrupole (Q3), so that scientists can obtain mass spectrum data from the fragments and perform structural analysis.
In Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, the kinetic energy of the ions is increased by applying a pulsed electric field at the resonance frequency. This technique enables researchers to perform multi-stage mass spectrometry, which provides insight into the structure of molecules and the properties of their reaction products.
SORI-CID technology, with its continuous non-resonant irradiation method, provides a new way of thinking for the study of mass spectroscopy.
However, HCD technology has gradually attracted attention in recent years. HCD is a CID technique specific to orbitrap mass spectrometers, where the fragmentation process occurs outside the C-trap. The advantage of this technique is that HCD can overcome the low mass cutoff problem of resonant excitation, allowing researchers to obtain more accurate quantitative analysis data from complex samples, even in the range of low-energy collisions, the energy is still sufficient for effective molecular analysis. Shattered.
Although called high-energy collisional dissociation, the collision energy of high-energy CID is usually still within the range of low-energy CID, confirming its unique importance.
Based on the specific fragmentation mechanism, CID technology can generally be divided into isolytic cleavage and heterolytic cleavage. In this process, there are different modes that are closely related to the internal structure of ions, such as charge remote fragmentation. The evolution of these technologies has not only gradually improved the accuracy of molecular structure analysis, but also promoted the enhancement of molecular recognition and overall detection capabilities.
In short, with the further development of SORI-CID, HCD and other related technologies, scientists are facing the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of molecular structures. And in the future competition among these technologies, which method will ultimately reveal more molecular mysteries?
