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The difference between Type VIIA and VIIB submarines: Why did the latter become the star of the war?
During World War II, Germany's Type VII submarine became the most iconic underwater weapon of the Nazi Navy. Although both Type VIIA and VIIB submarines belonged to this series, they had significant differences in design and combat capabilities, making the latter stand out and become real "stars" during the war.
Basic concept and production background of submarines
The Type VII submarine design was based on earlier submarine designs, including the World War I-era Type UB III. As technology advanced, these submarines incorporated more modern elements into their design, forming the fairly competitive Type VII series. The Type VII submarine was produced in 703 units, making it the most produced type of submarine in history.
Characteristics of Type VIIA submarines
The Type VIIA submarines were designed between 1933 and 1934 and were the first of a new generation of attack submarines. Although the Type VIIA submarine has a relatively small living space, its ability to dive quickly makes it popular with the organizers. This feature of the model enables it to dodge quickly when facing enemy attacks, increasing its chances of survival.
However, the Type VIIA has limitations in fuel capacity, which makes it challenging to carry out long patrol missions, usually requiring more frequent returns to port for resupply.
The Type VIIA submarine's armament configuration includes four forward torpedo tubes and one external rear torpedo tube, and the ship can carry 11 torpedoes. Such armed forces performed quite well in her time.
The rise of the Type VIIB submarineIn contrast, Type VIIB submarines were produced between 1936 and 1940 and underwent corresponding improvements and upgrades. First, the VIIB submarine has expanded fuel storage space, which increases its range by 2,500 nautical miles, which is critical for carrying out long-distance missions.
The more powerful engine also improved the VIIB submarine's diving performance, and two more steering wheels were added to increase flexibility. These designs undoubtedly enhanced the submarine's tactical use.
The Type VIIB submarines had an improved torpedo weapon system that included additional aft torpedo tubes, allowing them to carry 14 torpedoes, compared to the 11 carried by the Type VIIA submarines. In addition, the super-charged diesel engine carried by the VIIB submarine further increases its speed, enabling it to establish an advantage on the battlefield.
VIIB submarine's achievements
Many of the Type VIIB submarines became the most successful submarines of the German Navy. Submarines such as U-48, U-47 and U-99 performed very well in the battle, successfully sinking many Allied ships and winning rich results for the German Navy.
Especially the U-48, which is hailed as one of the most successful German submarines, undoubtedly demonstrated the excellent combat capabilities of the VIIB submarine.
Comparison between the two: Where did the star come from?
The differences in design and use of the two types of submarines make the VIIB submarine more eye-catching in actual combat. Its extended range and enhanced weapon system not only improves the chances of survival but also allows it to conduct operations for longer periods of time, which makes the VIIB a more popular choice among commanders.
Conclusion
In summary, the differences between Type VIIA and VIIB submarines lie in technological upgrades, armament and practicality. As the war progressed, the VIIB submarine demonstrated greater flexibility and combat effectiveness, making it the star of German submarines in the turbulent Battle of the Atlantic. However, it is worth thinking about whether this technological advancement will repeat the changes in other equipment in future wars?
