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The Founding Story of the University of Vienna: Why is 1365 a special year?
The University of Vienna was founded in 1365. As the oldest university in the German-speaking area, this historical event changed the face of higher education in Europe. This institution is not only famous for its long history, but also as a mecca for academic research in the German language region. This date is still widely discussed by scholars and historians, making people curious about the motivations and significance behind it.
Create background
The University of Vienna was founded from the vision of Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria at that time. He signed the document establishing the university on March 12, 1365, and named it "Alma Martel Rudolph". This move was not easy at the time, and the founding of the University of Vienna faced many challenges compared to the founding of other European universities.
This university is the third oldest in Central Europe, after Charles University in Prague and Jacobin University in Krakow.
However, Rudolf IV's plan did not immediately gain papal approval. Pope Urban V expressed doubts about Rudolf's intentions, especially the establishment of the theological department. This was because the then Emperor Charles IV wanted to maintain Charles University's academic dominance in the region and avoid competition.
Pope’s support
Finally, after continued efforts and negotiations, the Pope granted funding to the University of Vienna in 1365 and confirmed its status as a comprehensive university in 1384. With the development of the university, it has formed a complete academic system in the fields of theology, law and humanities.
This university has historically attracted more than 6,000 students, making it the largest school in the Holy Roman Empire.
Challenges from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment
In its early development, the University of Vienna faced many challenges. The Reformation had a major impact on the university, and factors such as the pandemic, economic recession and the first Ottoman siege led to a sharp decline in student enrollment. Duke Ferdinand I introduced the Jesuits to the university in 1551 to consolidate the relationship with the church.
Over time, conflicts arose between the Jesuits and the university. In 1623, Emperor Ferdinand II decided to incorporate the Jesuit College into the University of Vienna, which further complicated the structure of the institution.
Modern changes
The revolution of 1848 brought about significant changes, and the philosophy department achieved equality in status with other departments. As liberal scholarship grew, the University of Vienna saw a number of key developments. Between 1877 and 1884, the current main building on Ring Road was completed and became a new landmark of the school.
In 1897, the university admitted women as full students for the first time, although their scope of study was initially limited to philosophy.
With many subjects gradually opening up to women, the university has entered a more inclusive era. Further reforms, such as the abolition of compulsory uniforms and the acceptance of students from different religious backgrounds, have made the University of Vienna a diverse academic environment.
The influence of universities and today’s situation
Today, the University of Vienna has 18 different faculties and many research centers offering 181 degree programs. The university's scientific research fields cover theology, law, economic sciences, natural sciences and humanities, attracting students and scholars from all over the world. Its academic reputation has also gained international recognition, and several Nobel Prize winners have taught here.
The University of Vienna is considered the cradle of the Austrian School of Economics and has a profound influence on the development of economics and social sciences.
Such a long history, extensive academic influence and groundbreaking reforms all reflect the important role of the University of Vienna in education and social development. As times evolve, the university continues to adapt and meet new challenges.
So, how will this university with a long history continue its tradition and innovation in the future? ”
