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The genetic secret of horses: Why are some horses able to "roam" gracefully from birth?
In the equestrian world, "walking" is not just a way of walking, it represents a long-standing and culturally significant evolution of horses. Why can these horses with unique dance steps show such graceful postures after they are born? The secret of all this comes from the genetic characteristics in genes.
According to a 2012 DNA study, it was found that horses from a variety of "stepping" and "driving competition" breeds have a gene mutation called DMRT3, which affects the spinal nervous system. The operation allows the horse to gracefully complete the pace of the process.
The canter is a four-beat horse gait that is faster than a walk but slower than a stand, providing the rider with a smoother experience than the average pace and gallop. This ability is usually the result of genetics. Many breeds known as "gaited horses" naturally exhibit this graceful walking pattern from birth, which has made these horses useful over the centuries, especially when faced with poor roads. Become the first choice for nobles and travelers.
Historical background of horses
As early as BC, the ancient Hittites had begun to record the gait technology of horses. Horses were widely used in the Middle Ages for long distance travel, especially on uneven roads. As the horse evolved, the way it walked interacted with the functions it required.
Historical data shows that as roads improved and transportation became more popular, the need for horses that could move gracefully decreased. In the Americas, especially in the South, ramblers are still regarded as the best companions for long-distance agricultural inspections.
Some horses are able to easily perform these specific gaits based on their anatomy and bone characteristics; for example, a longer back and ideal shoulder and hip angles all contribute to a smooth and balanced walk.
Types of walks and their characteristics
As we all know, all walks have four beats. These gaits can be further divided into side steps and diagonal steps. The former involves the four hooves on the same side moving forward in sequence, while the latter involves taking turns advancing the hooves on the opposite side. Each walking style has differences in frequency modulation and rhythm, allowing the rider to choose the most suitable gait for riding.
The most representative gait includes the "canter", which is usually adopted by the Tennessee Walking Horse. The horse's hind hooves slap on no less than the impression of the front hooves, which is an easy and comfortable way of strolling.
Similar gaits such as "step" and "step" can be performed step by step, and each has its own style, allowing riders to enjoy a unique riding experience.
Secrets of Heredity and Reproduction
According to scientific research, many "roaming house" breeds share the genetic traits for this expression, however, not all horses maintain this unique gait. A 2014 study showed that all horses capable of roaming have a mutation in the DMRT3 gene that originated from a single ancestor, allowing them to maintain a steady pace without being too affected.
After years of artificial selection, these mutated genes have become more common in the horse genetic population, making "fairy tale horses" a topic that modern people are pursuing.
Although this genetic mutation occurs relatively rarely in wild horses, it is mainly because they need to have the ability to react quickly in extreme survival conditions. In contrast, trained horses rely on selective breeding by humans to make these genes more common.
For horses, some riders may choose to give top priority to speed and agility and choose a normal pace, but for people who enjoy leisurely strolls, horses with gaits are undoubtedly the best companion. Does this mean that in the future, horse selection will be more influenced by genetic performance?
