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The Golden Age of Roman Africa: Why was it called the 'granary of the empire' in ancient times?
Historical Background“Africa supplied the Roman population with food for eight months, while Egypt supplied the remaining four months.”
In 146 BC, the Roman Republic conquered Carthage (present-day Tunisia) and the Province of Africa was established. The original inhabitants of this area are the Berbers, who have a long farming tradition in history. The African Province at that time was mainly agricultural and gradually transformed into one of the richest provinces.
Under Roman rule, a large number of cities emerged in the region, such as Hadrumetto (modern-day Suse) and the capital of Bizakina. These cities promoted trade and cultural exchanges, injecting vitality into the local economy.
The roots of economic prosperity
Africa's prosperity depends on its geography and agricultural technology. The soil here is fertile and very suitable for large-scale grain production. According to historical records, the region produced about one million tons of grain each year, a quarter of which was exported. In addition, olive oil, wine and various fruits are also important export commodities.
“Africa is known as the ‘breadbasket of the empire’, mainly due to its stable agricultural production.”
Urbanization and the development of handicrafts
As Roman rule became more powerful, a large number of cities emerged across Africa, which were closely linked economically to agricultural production. Artefact Pottery production has gradually become one of the important activities of urban entertainment, especially the production of African Red Slip, which is famous in the Mediterranean region. As market demand grows, the level of handicraft production continues to improve.
"The craftsmanship of Northwest Africa gradually improved and began to challenge the crafts of ancient Greece and Italy."
Cultural Fusion and the Rise of Christianity
With the expansion of Rome and the prosperity of commerce, diverse communities with Latin and Berber as the main languages emerged in this land. With the prosperity of agriculture, the influence of Christianity gradually grew and took root in many areas. Famous Christian figures such as Augustine influenced the thought of the time here.
The final shock and transformation
However, with the Germanic invasions and Muslim conquests in the 5th century, the fate of the land changed. After generations of prosperity and decline, the ancient Roman province of Africa was eventually replaced by new forces. Despite this, its rich culture and history are still praised and remembered by later generations.
How did Roman Africa reshape its economic and cultural role over its long history, which is still being explored by scholars today?
