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Hidden power in the Vatican: How was the Holy See's international status formed?
The Holy See, or Sancta Sedes in Latin, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican State. Although it is located in Vatican City, its significance and power far exceed this small autonomous region. The establishment of the Holy See can be traced back to the first century, and according to Catholic tradition, two saints, Peter and Paul, were its founders. As the spiritual and administrative authority of bishops and the Roman Catholic Church worldwide, the Holy See has a sovereign status recognized by international law and has become an international legal entity with an independent existence.
The Holy See is not a mere geographical entity, but a centre of wisdom and faith.
The Holy See has a long history. Its legal status was first established in the Edict of Milan in 313, which confirmed the legitimacy of the Catholic Church and its property, and in the Saxon Canon Law promulgated by Theodosius I in 380. Became the state religion of the Roman Empire. Over time, the Holy See has not only maintained its religious authority but has also evolved into a participant in international politics. The Holy See's position was further strengthened by the Lateran Treaty in the early 20th century, which guaranteed its sovereignty and diplomatic independence as Vatican City.
The Lateran Treaty established Vatican City as a historic agreement between the Holy See and Italy.
As the Holy See's international status has strengthened, it has established diplomatic relations with more than 180 sovereign states and actively participated in multilateral diplomacy. Its diplomatic activities not only involve bilateral relations, but also include interactions with major organizations such as the United Nations. This makes the Holy See's influence go beyond the religious sphere and become an important political player in the world.
Organizational structure of the Holy See
Currently, the administration of the Holy See is governed by the Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church, the central body of the Roman Catholic Church. These bodies are similar to government ministries and include state secretariats, individual departments, courts, and special committees. Such an organizational structure not only provides religious guidance, but also defines the rights and responsibilities of the Holy See in international law.
The Holy See has sovereignty under international law and maintains diplomatic relations.
Due to the separation of the Holy See from Vatican City, the latter is actually regarded as the smallest territory to guarantee the independence and sovereignty of the Holy See. Both diplomatic relations with foreign countries and the internal operations of the Holy See are based on safeguarding its spiritual and governance independence.
Social and cultural impacts
As the Holy See established its international status, it and its affiliated institutions not only increased their influence in religious affairs, but also became one of the world's largest non-governmental providers in the fields of education and health care. The work of the Holy See’s charitable organizations draws attention to social issues throughout the world and responds to current challenges through various social projects.
The Holy See's global influence goes beyond religion itself and has become an important force in promoting social justice and peace.
In terms of foreign policy, the Holy See maintains a unique position focused on promoting peace, protecting human rights and advancing social well-being. Its dialogues with governments often involve moral and ethical issues, giving it a firm foothold in global governance.
Impact on the current global situation
In today's complex international environment, the status of the Holy See remains a special case in international law. Unlike other entities called countries, the Holy See is not only the only European entity that maintains formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan, but is also a permanent observer in several international organizations. This makes it different from ordinary countries in international politics and enables it to play a more mediating and bridging role.
The Holy See reminds the world how important a role religion can play in international law and diplomatic relations.
The influence of the Holy See is far-reaching both in terms of religion and politics. As the world changes, the Holy See will inevitably face new challenges and opportunities. History has taught us that the Holy See is an entity that combines faith and political wisdom. How can it maintain its influence in the future and continue to lead the world on the path of justice and peace? This is undoubtedly a question worth pondering.
