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The secret language of temperature: Do you know any classic temperature scales?
Temperature is an integral part of physics, and the temperature scale is an important tool for us to measure and express this physical quantity. Temperature scales not only play an important role in scientific research, but are also an indispensable element in daily life. Whether it is Celsius, Fahrenheit or absolute zero, each of these scales has its own unique historical background and technical principles.
The measurement method of temperature is not just the conversion of numbers, but the exploration of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Common temperature scales
Currently, Celsius (Celsius), Fahrenheit (Fahrenheit) and absolute temperature (Kelvin) are the three most commonly used temperature scales in various countries. The birth and development of each scale reflects people's progress in manufacturing and measurement technology.
Celsius scale
The Celsius scale was proposed by Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius in 1742. Its definition is based on the freezing and boiling points of water, which are defined as 0°C and 100°C respectively. This scale is the most commonly used standard in our daily lives and makes full use of the physical properties of water.
Fahrenheit scale
The Fahrenheit scale was proposed by German physicist Daniel Fahrenheit in 1714. It was originally based on the mixing point of cold water and the temperature of the human body. The characteristic of the Fahrenheit scale is that its range is different from the Chinese Celsius scale. For example, the freezing point of water is defined as 32°F, and the boiling point is 212°F.
Absolute Zero and Kelvin Scale
The Kelvin scale is defined based on thermodynamics, with absolute zero considered the smallest thermal motion of an object, corresponding to 0K or −273.15°C. Applications of the Kelvin scale lie in theoretical studies in physics and engineering, where it crystallizes the relationship between thermal energy and particle motion.
Different temperature scales are like different languages. Although they express the same content, they are used in different ways and in different contexts.
Other temperature scales in history
In addition to Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin, there have been many other temperature scales in the past, such as the Réaumur, Newton and Delisle scales. The emergence of these scales was created in response to human needs for temperature measurement at that time, but over time, these scales were gradually replaced by modern, more standardized scales.
Modern needs and international standards
With the advancement of science and technology, the standards for temperature measurement are also constantly improving. The 1990 International Temperature Standard (ITS-90) is a reflection of this progress. ITS-90 establishes a series of temperature reference points and calibrates them based on thermodynamic properties such as phase changes of liquids, making data between various measurement tools more comparable and consistent.
The ITS-90 model has established an important standard in scientific research around the world, allowing scientists everywhere to accurately measure temperatures.
Future Development
The development of temperature scales is not only a scientific issue, but also affects the operating standards of all walks of life. Temperature measurement technology will continue to advance in the future, especially in research areas such as the microscopic level and extremely low temperatures. In addition, as humans pay more attention to issues such as climate change and environmental monitoring, temperature measurement standards will play an increasingly important role in these fields.
How many scientific mysteries are hidden behind these classic temperature scales that we have not yet understood?
