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The secret of implementing the Internet on phone lines: How does PPP really work?
In the early days of the Internet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) became the primary way to connect two routers. The protocol not only enables flexible, practical applications, such as connecting to the Internet via dial-up, but also provides support for data streaming, authentication, and data compression. As technology evolves, PPP still plays an important role in a variety of physical networks, including serial cables, telephone lines, and dedicated wireless links.
PPP supports running multiple network layer protocols on the same communication link, and each network protocol has its own control protocol.
PPP Infrastructure
The core components of PPP include encapsulation components and link control protocol (LCP). When the link is brought up, LCP is responsible for establishing, configuring, and testing the link, and negotiating settings and options. LCP also allows automated configuration, ensuring that interfaces between endpoints are negotiated correctly, which is where PPP excels.
PPP verifies the security of the connection through a handshake process, which includes Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) and Password Authentication Protocol (PAP).
Packing and transmission of data packets
PPP enables data to be encapsulated at the physical layer in an efficient manner while retaining scalability for use by multiple network protocols. Each data packet contains multiple fields of information, including data payload, check sequence, etc. to ensure data integrity and reliability. In addition, PPP can distribute traffic among multiple links according to the situation, further improving its efficiency.
Fault and cycle detection
PPP has a feature called a "magic number" that enables it to detect looping connection problems. By sending messages containing magic numbers in the link control protocol, the system can identify whether a loop exists, which makes PPP a significant enhancement over older protocols.
PPP is designed so that each packet can be integrity checked to ensure that data can be transmitted effectively even under less than ideal conditions.
PPP Extension Protocol
PPP is not limited to transmitting IP data, but also supports a variety of network layer protocols. In the process of setting up a variety of network layer protocols, each agreement has its own network control protocol (NCP), allowing users to flexibly select the required functions and settings.
Future Outlook
With the advancement of the Internet, the transformation of the IP protocol will ensure that PPP will continue to play an important role in the future. The gradual replacement of IPv4 by IPv6 means that PPP will need to enhance its adaptability and support for new protocols. This is not only a technical issue, but also a challenge concerning the future landscape of the Internet.
Conclusion
In general, PPP is a basic and key technology that not only provides support for old dial-up connections, but also lays the foundation for today's network technology. As technology advances, how PPP can continue to evolve to meet changing needs will be a question worth considering.
