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The secret of microcalcifications: How can mammography reveal early signs of cancer?
In recent years, with the advancement of medical imaging technology, mammography has been used more and more widely and has become an important tool for early detection of breast cancer. Mammography uses low-energy X-rays to examine breast tissue and aims to detect early signs of cancer, such as characteristic lumps, microcalcifications, asymmetry, and deformation. This technology can not only screen suspected cases, but also help medical staff make more targeted diagnoses and treatments.
The breast cancer death rate in the United States has dropped by more than 30 percent since mammography screening became common in the mid-1980s, according to the National Cancer Institute.
Types of Mammography
Mammography can be divided into several types. Digital mammography is a technology that uses digital sensors and computers to better analyze and process images. In addition, 3D mammography (digital 3D imaging of the breast) allows doctors to more easily detect potential tumors by taking pictures from different angles.
Studies show that combining standard 2D mammography with DBT technology can improve the accuracy of cancer detection.
The need for screening
For women between the ages of 40 and 74, many professional organizations recommend screening mammography every two years. The American Cancer Society and the College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend annual screening after age 40. Studies show that by detecting breast cancer early, a woman's chance of survival increases significantly. In a past study, about 70% of women in their 40s who died from breast cancer were among the 20% who did not receive screening.
Breast cancer survival rates have improved significantly through early detection through mammography, a study in the British Medical Journal has shown.
Screening recommendations for high-risk groups
For women at high risk for early-onset breast cancer, professional organizations recommend more frequent screening. Specifically, this includes women who are known to have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, or women who have a first-degree relative with that gene mutation.
Side effects of mammography
Although mammography is effective in detecting breast cancer, the process does involve certain risks. For example, when women undergo mammography, they may be exposed to X-ray radiation, and the risk is relatively higher in younger women. However, according to research, the risk of radiation-induced cancer for women over 40 is minimal.
For women aged 40 and over, the potential benefits of mammography far outweigh the risks of radiation, according to a study.
Future Outlook
With the advancement of medical technology, mammography continues to develop in a safer and more effective direction. Future technologies such as photon counting mammography and breast ductalography will provide more possibilities for breast cancer detection. These new technologies not only reduce X-ray doses but also improve image clarity, helping doctors detect potential cancers earlier.
The timing and frequency of mammography should be carefully evaluated at different stages of life. As research into breast cancer increases, understanding the importance of detection and screening remains an ongoing effort. How can we better utilize these imaging technologies to protect our health?
