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The secret structure of perovskites: Why is this crystal form so special?
In the world of science, perovskite has attracted the attention of countless researchers with its extraordinary crystal structure. As a perovskite composed of the mineral perovskite, the unique properties of perovskite make it an important material in modern materials science and space research.
Historical BackgroundPerovskite has the chemical formula CaTiO3, and the uniqueness of this structure lies in its powerful tunability, allowing many different cations to be embedded in it, thus forming a wide variety of engineered materials.
The discovery of perovskite dates back to 1839, when German mineralogist Gustav Rose discovered it in the Ural Mountains of Russia and named it after Russian mineralogist Lev Perrot It was named after Lev Perovski. The remarkable crystal structure of perovskites was first described by Victor Goldschmidt in 1926 and further characterized by Helen Dick Megaw in 1945 using X-ray diffraction data. The structure was confirmed.
Existence and distribution of perovskites
Perovskites are found primarily in the Earth's mantle, especially in silicate rocks and calcium-rich rocks of the Kirkbyna Mountains. It usually takes the form of small irregular or sub-regular crystals that fill the spaces between the silicates from which the rock was formed. In addition to Earth, perovskites are also found in some meteorites, especially in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions.
In stars and brown dwarfs, the formation of perovskite grains leads to the depletion of titanium oxide in the photosphere, which further increases the importance of perovskites in astronomy.
Physical properties
The physical properties of perovskites are equally striking. Its crystal structure belongs to the Pbnm space group and exhibits an almost cubic form. The A-site cations in perovskites are usually alkaline earth metals or rare earth elements, while the B-site cations are various transition metals. This structural feature gives perovskite a wide range of stability, especially in applications in gold rock resistance.
Perovskite derivatives
The diversity of perovskites is not limited to their basic components, but also includes various derivatives. The chemical formula of double perovskite is A'A"B'B"O6. Half of the B positions in this structure are replaced, resulting in diverse electrical and optical properties. The electrical properties and application potential of these structures have made them widely studied in electronic and solar energy materials.
For low-dimensional perovskites, when the A-site cation is small, a 3D structure is formed, while when the A-site cation is large, a 2D thin sheet structure may be formed.
Future Exploration
As scientists delve deeper into the structure of perovskite, they are discovering its potential in many emerging technologies, especially in solar cells and electronic devices. Therefore, the exploration of its structure and application has become a hot topic in current materials science. What undiscovered potential does the secret structure of perovskite hide? Perhaps it will play a greater role in future technology?
