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The strange process of ketoacidosis: How do blood sugar and acidity trigger a fatal crisis?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes that specifically affects the health status of diabetic patients. DKA is typically characterized by the rapid onset of symptoms, including vomiting, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, frequent urination, weakness, confusion, and in some cases, loss of consciousness. The patient's breath may have a characteristic "fruity" odor, which is caused by the accumulation of ketones in the body.
Ketoacidosis usually occurs in people with type 1 diabetes, but it can also affect people with other types of diabetes, and its root cause is often related to a lack of insulin.
DKA does not develop overnight and usually evolves rapidly within 24 hours. In addition to the main symptoms mentioned above, patients with severe DKA may experience rapid and deep breathing, also known as "Kusmaar breathing", which may even lead to coma in the end. In rare cases, some children may develop cerebral edema due to severe DKA, which is a potentially fatal complication.
Pathogenic mechanism of ketoacidosis
D-calorie deficiency is mainly caused by lack of insulin. When there is a lack of insulin in the body, the body turns on a metabolic pathway that burns fatty acids, which in turn produces ketone bodies. Under normal circumstances, insulin inhibits the release of glucose from the liver, but in the case of D calories, the process of glucose release from the liver will be significantly enhanced, which will cause a sharp increase in blood sugar and cause polyuria, dehydration and other phenomena.
The patient's condition may be exacerbated by triggers such as infection, improper use of insulin, or use of certain medications, especially severe acute illness or dehydration, which may trigger D card.
Signs and symptoms
Common symptoms in patients with DKA include intense thirst, repeated vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. These symptoms usually develop quickly and may appear within an hour or two.
Diagnosis and Management
DKA is usually diagnosed by doing blood sugar and urine tests to check for conditions such as aging and high levels of ketones. Once diagnosed, treatment usually involves supplemental intravenous fluids and insulin. Blood glucose and potassium levels need to be measured regularly to ensure patient safety. In severe cases, additional measures may be needed to improve blood pressure and heart function.
According to the study, ensuring rapid diagnosis and timely treatment is key to reducing the risk of death from DKA.
It is worth mentioning that although the use of sodium acetate is controversial among some medical experts, it may also be used in some severe cases. It is crucial to flexibly change the treatment strategy based on the patient's condition according to different comorbidities.
Challenges Ahead
As the number of people with diabetes continues to rise, the incidence of ketoacidosis is also increasing. According to recent statistics, the incidence of DKA in the UK and Malaysia showed significant differences, suggesting that differences in environment and medical resources between different countries may affect patients' health management. In addition, the concept of "ketosis-induced type 2 diabetes" has triggered further research and discussion.
Understanding the development and prevention of DKA can not only improve the quality of life of patients, but also enable timely intervention before potential crises occur.
Does this phenomenon manifest itself differently in different communities? This requires not only professional medical monitoring, but also the continuous improvement of society's understanding of diabetes.
