Language
Country/Area
No result found
The surprising status of women in ancient Iran: How did they hold power in prehistoric societies?
Women in ancient Iran played an important role in history, whether in social, economic or cultural aspects. Although women's roles have long been restricted, archaeological discoveries have revealed the unique power and influence they once had in ancient Iran. Especially in the early history of mixed societies, many codexes and seals found in tombs show the importance of women in economy and administration.
"Archaeological excavations have revealed that women in Shahr-e Sukhteh held high status, with 90 percent of seals belonging to women, who make up more than 60 percent of the community."
According to archaeological research at the prehistoric settlement of Shahr-e Sukhteh in the southeastern Iranian province of Sistan-Baluchistan, women were not confined to the home as traditional perceptions have suggested. In fact, they have demonstrated strong influence in economic and administrative control. These early seals were used as tools for trade and administration, and the findings give scholars new insights into the administrative roles of women in ancient societies.
The status of women in ancient society
In early Achaemenid texts from the Western Empire, women are divided into different categories, which indicate their social status and relationship with the king. For example, ordinary women and unmarried royal family members have different names, which not only confirms their identity but also shows their social influence.
"The different titles used for women in the seals not only show the importance of marital status, but also indicate that the connection with the king has special significance."
These inscriptions show that even within the royal sphere, women often held important administrative positions and traveled extensively and managed their own estates. Such a context not only reveals the influence of women, but also provides a contrast to the society at that time and showcases the opportunities for economic activities.
The development of women in the Islamic period
Over time, Iran went through several dynasties. During the Qajar period, women played a supporting role in the economy, their work aiding in the running of households and businesses. Yet, despite the growth in job opportunities, women still earn less than men. During this period, many women began to participate in public activities, demonstrating their awareness and participation in social change.
"The Qajar period marked the awakening of female consciousness, and since the Tobacco Revolution in 1891, women have begun to actively participate in public affairs."
With the development of the times, especially during the Pahlavi dynasty, women's rights have been significantly improved. Pahlavi's reforms gave women the right to vote and participate in government. These changes gave women a higher status and a greater voice in society, but they did not last beyond the revolution.
Transformations and Challenges after the Iranian Islamic Revolution
After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the role of women changed dramatically again. Although many women participated in the movement to overthrow the monarchy, many rights were re-restricted with the establishment of the Islamic regime. Despite this, women's participation has increased in some areas of society.
"On the eve of the revolution, a large number of women from traditional backgrounds participated in the demonstrations, which marked the rise of women's self-awareness."
In post-revolutionary societies, women were encouraged to take on combat and support roles, which brought short-term political agency but also came with new constraints. Although women have been granted many nominal rights, in practice, the restrictions they face in education and career choices are becoming increasingly significant.
The status of women in contemporary Iran
With progress, especially after the 1990s, the social status of women has changed. More and more women are entering education and the workplace and have achieved important positions in many fields. According to statistics, decades of efforts have resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of women in higher education, and they are now active in various industries.
"As of 2007, women accounted for nearly 70% of science and engineering degree students in Iran."
However, even so, there are still many restrictions on women's employment and social roles. Many policies still continue traditional ideas and are not completely equal. But it is worth noting that with the popularization of education and the improvement of policies, women are looking for more opportunities and fighting to break these limitations.
Looking back at the power and status enjoyed by women in ancient Iran, it is undoubtedly inspiring to see the important role they played in the functioning of society. However, today, whether women can once again control their own destiny and even surpass the achievements of ancient times is still a question worth exploring.
