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The two sides of the hip: Do you know which exercises increase your risk of hip impingement?
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a disease involving one or more anatomical abnormalities in the hip joint, a ball-and-socket joint that is common in young and middle-aged adults. FAI occurs when the femoral head abnormally contacts the acetabulum, preventing normal range of motion and may cause damage to articular cartilage or girdle soft tissue. The condition may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, and in the most severe cases may lead to hip arthritis.
The main symptoms of hip impingement include pain in the lower back or buttocks, on the side of the hip joint, and in the upper part of the back leg. This pain may interfere with daily activities and lead to a reduction in activity.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Pain is the main complaint of patients with FAI. This pain occurs in multiple areas and often encounters diagnostic challenges. Pain often interferes with daily activities, such as sitting for long periods of time. Discomfort may also be exacerbated by high hip flexion or strenuous exercise.
Diagnosis usually requires clinical evaluation, including an activity history and physical examination. The examination includes static internal rotation to assess hip range. Additionally, there are specific tests, such as the FADDIR test and the FABER test, that are used to stretch and diagnose potential joint injuries.
Cause
The specific cause of FAI is currently unknown, and may be caused by congenital or acquired factors. Research shows that FAI is more common in certain ethnic groups, especially whites and men, which may be related to the type of exercise. Repetitive movements in sports (such as squats, twists, etc.) are thought to increase the risk of hip impingement.
“A series of movements, such as prolonged squats or twisting movements, can cause stress on the hip joint and may lead to hip impingement.”
Common sports and their risks
Many sports may increase the risk of hip impingement. Here are some common examples:
- Football: Increased stress on hip joints due to frequent quick turns and vigorous running.
- Basketball: Frequent jumping and quick changes of direction can also lead to hip impaction.
- Fitness: Especially weight training and advanced flexibility movements, which often require excessive hip flexion, increasing the risk of hip impingement.
- Dance: High-intensity dance activities such as hip-hop and ballet often require excessive twisting and hip movement.
Prevention and treatment
Prevention methods for hip impingement are currently being explored, with the main goal being to avoid joint damage and early hip arthritis. Research shows that screening adolescents and providing education and physical therapy to those at risk may reduce injuries from physical activity.
The treatment of FAI is divided into non-surgical and surgical treatments. Nonsurgical treatment usually includes physical therapy, avoidance of pain-inducing activities, and medications. For those with persistent symptoms, surgery is often an appropriate option to improve the configuration of the hip joint.
“When conservative treatments fail, surgery is recommended to correct the bony abnormality causing hip impingement.”
Conclusion
Hip joint health is an important basis for maintaining daily activities, but many common sports may have hidden risks of hip impingement. Before doing any exercise, isn't it important to understand your physical condition and choose an appropriate exercise method?
