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What exactly makes our electronic devices survive and die in the electromagnetic environment?
In a world filled with electronic devices and technology, we increasingly rely on these tools to carry out our daily lives, whether it's our phones, laptops or home appliances. However, the ability of these devices to operate in a variety of electromagnetic environments is an often overlooked but critical topic. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electronic equipment is a technology that ensures that different devices can operate stably in the same electromagnetic environment without interfering with each other.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ensures that a device or system can function properly in its electromagnetic environment without causing unacceptable electromagnetic interference to other devices in the environment.
EMC covers three main problem categories. The first is "emission," which refers to the generation and release of electromagnetic energy by a source, whether intentionally or accidentally. The second is "sensitivity," which is the tendency of a device to malfunction when it is subjected to electromagnetic interference. Finally, there is “coupling,” which refers to the process of how the emitted interference reaches the victim device.
The impact of electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) generated by lightning on ships and buildings has become the first EMC issue since the 18th century. As electricity became more widespread, equipment failure and fire risks came into focus. In the early 20th century, with the development of radio communication technology, the problem of interference between wireless signals gradually emerged, which prompted the establishment of corresponding measures internationally to ensure that communications are not interfered with.
In the electromagnetic environment, the mutual influence and interference of different devices ultimately prompted the establishment of standards and the advancement of technology.
After World War II, with the development of military technology, the impact of nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP), lightning and high-power radar beams has received increasing attention. High frequency emission issues have led to the allocation of specific spectrum for industrial, scientific and medical purposes (ISM), which in turn has spawned a series of standards and regulations addressing electromagnetic interference.
Entering the 21st century, with the rapid development of digital communications and mobile communications, electromagnetic compatibility issues have become more prominent. Technological advances have led to faster transmission speeds for wireless devices, which not only increases electromagnetic interference to other devices, but also increases the sensitivity of the devices themselves. Therefore, compliance standards have begun to receive greater attention, and governments and companies around the world are required to follow relevant regulations.
The ability to control electromagnetic interference determines the survival of electronic equipment in the electromagnetic environment.
When designing, there are multiple scenarios to consider. For example, avoid unnecessary switching operations, reduce the impact of noisy circuits, and use grounding and shielding techniques to reduce the impact of noise and interference on equipment. In addition, high-speed switches must be used with caution to avoid increasing electromagnetic noise.
Testing is undoubtedly an important step in ensuring compliance with EMC standards. The test can be divided into emission test and sensitivity test. The dedicated EMC test room can provide an ideal test environment to ensure the resistance of the equipment when subjected to electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, similar to environments in nature, testing methods should be diverse to ensure that a variety of potential interference sources are covered.
Faced with increasingly complex electronic equipment, how companies consider electromagnetic compatibility-related issues at the beginning of design will be the key to future success.
At the legislative level, many international and national organizations have begun to establish relevant EMC standards to promote international cooperation and standardization. These standards cover design, testing and final compliance requirements, ensuring the safety and proper operation of electronic equipment around the world.
In summary, electromagnetic compatibility is obviously of vital importance to the design, testing and use of electronic equipment. Whether for consumer products or professional equipment, EMC challenges and responses reflect the reality of today's rapidly changing technology. Therefore, what we should think about is, in this era of increasing reliance on electronic devices, can we truly achieve the vision of harmonious coexistence between devices?
