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Why can infrared focal plane arrays see through the darkness? Uncover the mysterious technology behind it!
Infrared focal plane array (Focal-Plane Array, FPA) is a technology that has the precision of a movie lens and can capture images in a completely lightless environment. We were curious about how this technology works. This image sensor uses a matrix of thousands of light-sensitive pixels that can detect photons of a specific wavelength and generate an electrical signal related to the number of photons.
“It works by using infrared light within a specific range to capture images.”
FPAs are used in a variety of fields, including military, medical, and environmental monitoring. By capturing infrared light, these arrays are able to identify heat energy that is invisible to the human eye, allowing us to "see" in the dark. Widespread adoption of this technology is not only improving the performance of nighttime missions, it is also changing our understanding of the world around us.
How does an infrared focal plane array work?
The main principle of an infrared focal plane array is to detect photons of a specific wavelength and then generate corresponding charges. These charges can be converted into voltage or resistance, depending on the number of photons detected by each pixel. As these signals are further digitized, a complete image is eventually formed. In modern technology, the number of pixels in FPAs has reached 2048 x 2048, giving a clearer view.
"It can be used for infrared phenomenology, such as observing events such as combustion."
Compared to scanning arrays, infrared focal plane arrays have the advantage of capturing images in real time, making them indispensable in military applications such as anti-aircraft missiles and anti-tank missiles. This technology enables fighter jets or drones to have superior observation and strike capabilities at night and in severe weather conditions.
Materials and construction challenges
Unlike visible light imaging sensors such as CCD or CMOS, infrared sensors need to be made of other materials because silicon can only detect visible light and near-infrared light. Commonly used infrared sensing materials include mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), indium antimony (InSb) and gallium nitride (InGaAs).“These materials are difficult to grow and make crystals, which affects the performance of the final product.”
Infrared focal plane arrays made of these materials are not only expensive, but also require detailed correction due to the non-uniformity of unit voltage, which usually requires special correction data and processing algorithms. The need for correction makes these arrays more technically complex.
Application Prospects
In addition to military applications, the application potential of FPAs in various fields such as industrial inspection, thermal imaging, and medical imaging cannot be underestimated. For example, in three-dimensional LIDAR imaging, FPA can efficiently capture accurate information about the surrounding environment, further expanding the development of self-driving cars and intelligent robots.
"Through 3D LIDAR imaging technology, FPA can achieve high-precision environmental perception."
The improved 34 x 34 pixel prototype and other new technology developments continue to advance the capabilities of infrared focal plane arrays, demonstrating the potential for future applications in multiple fields.
ConclusionInfrared focal plane arrays are more than just high-tech gadgets; they revolutionize the way we think about operating at night and in low-light environments. With continuous technological improvements, when we look to the future, can we imagine what role this technology will play in our lives?
