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Why can the theory of Verbotz and Landau solve the dilemma of traditional dynamics?
In the early 20th century, physics faced a series of challenges to traditional dynamics. Traditional kinetic approaches based on the Boltzmann equation cannot adequately describe plasmas with long-range interactions, especially when Coulomb interactions are involved. At this time, the theories of Verbotz and Landau provided a novel perspective and successfully overcome many problems.
Challenges of traditional dynamics
Classical dynamics is based on the theory of collisions between particles, but this method is inadequate for long-distance interactions, such as electron flow or the Coulomb force in plasma. These difficulties are manifested in several aspects:
1. The theory is inconsistent with experiment and cannot explain the discovery of the natural vibration of electron plasma by scientists such as Rayleigh, Landau and Tonks.
2. The inapplicability of collision theory under Coulomb interaction leads to the problem of divergence of dynamic terms.
3. Traditional theory cannot provide a reasonable explanation for the experimental results of abnormal electron scattering in gas plasma.
Proposition of the Veinboltz equation
In order to overcome these challenges, in 1938, Feinbuz proposed a new collision-independent equation of motion, the so-called Feinbuz equation. This equation no longer relies on traditional collision theory, but instead considers the motion of particles in a self-consistent field. This new concept not only simplifies the description of particle motion in plasma, but is also more consistent with the actual situation.
Self-consistent field theory
Feiboz's theory exploits a collective field theory of self-creation by particles to describe the interactions between charged particles. He proposed a series of equations that describe the dynamics of electrons and ions under self-consistent electric and magnetic fields:
The Veenbotz-Maxwell equation system describes the dynamics of charged particles in plasma. Compared with the classical Boltzmann equation, this system takes into account the collective effects between particles.
These equations not only take into account the self-consistent distribution functions of electrons and ions, but also explicitly describe the behavior of these particles in a collective electromagnetic field. This approach allows scientists to accurately predict the dynamic behavior of plasmas, explaining many phenomena that cannot be described in traditional dynamics, such as Landau damping.
Supplement and development of Landau
Subsequently, Landau further improved the system of equations based on Van Botz's theory, especially the introduction of Landau's kinetic equations in the description of collisional plasmas. This allows the two different kinematics to be theoretically integrated, forming a more powerful tool for analyzing dynamic phenomena.
Practical application and impact
The theories of Feiboz and Landau have been applied in many fields, including space physics, nuclear fusion research, and semiconductor physics. These developments not only promote the development of plasma physics, but also play an important role in promoting research in the fields of materials science and engineering technology.
Conclusion
In the development of science in the 20th century, the theories of Verbotz and Landau not only successfully solved many difficulties in traditional dynamics, but also provided a new framework for understanding and analyzing complex systems. This is not only a theoretical breakthrough, but also an indispensable tool in practice. In the future, in the face of complex physical phenomena, can these theories continue to adapt to new challenges? Is this a question worth pondering?
