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Why did ancient people make holes in their skulls? Uncovering the mystery of trepanation!
In ancient medicine, trepanation, or blind foramina, was a notable procedure. This surgery involves drilling or scraping holes in a person's skull and is intended to address health issues related to brain disease. Many people are curious about why this ancient surgery became popular in civilizations thousands of years ago? This article will take you deep into the history, culture, and motivations behind trepanation.
Historical roots of trepanationDating back 7,000 to 10,000 years, trepanation may be one of the oldest surgical procedures with archaeological evidence. In some areas, this procedure may be quite common. According to archaeological discoveries, 40 of the 120 prehistoric skulls found in a cemetery in France showed signs of trepanation. Although the survival rate of the patients was about 40% at that time, according to existing data, more than 1,500 Neolithic trephined skulls have been excavated around the world, and the existence of these skulls seems to suggest that ancient people were very interested in this surgery. Familiarity and faith.
Evidence suggests that trepanation, a procedure practiced in some places, may have been used to treat head trauma as well as to ward off evil spirits.
Cultural Background and Beliefs
In ancient societies, the understanding and motivations for trepanation varied, often relating to health, spirituality, and the treatment of disease. In some cultures, people believed that piercing the skull would allow evil spirits to escape, thereby alleviating pain and illness. According to archaeologists' research, this operation was not only popular in Europe, but also had similar practices in South America, Africa and parts of Asia. In ancient China, for example, recent archaeological discoveries reveal trepanation in progress that was thousands of years old.
In many cultures, trepanation is viewed as a means of balancing physical and spiritual health.
Specific surgical techniques
Over time, surgical tools and methods have evolved. Ancient surgical instruments were usually made of stone, bone, or later bronze or copper tools. The surgery involves scraping, drilling, and cutting of the bone. Doctors need to carefully expose the dura mater without damaging the underlying blood vessels and brain to ensure the success of the operation.
Risks of trepanation
Although modern neurosurgery allows trepanation to be performed relatively safely, there are still certain risks associated with the procedure. These include problems such as brain damage, infection, bleeding, etc. caused by surgery. If the procedure is not performed correctly, it can result in serious or even fatal consequences.
Contemporary views on trepanationIn the 21st century, although trepanation is no longer widely accepted, it still has some interest in it. Some of them believe that the surgery can enhance mental abilities and overall health. They believe that piercing can increase blood flow to the brain, thereby promoting brain metabolism. However, this view is not supported by science.
ConclusionIt is noteworthy that trepanation's historical misunderstandings and associations with mysticism persist to this day, with many popular beliefs rooted in outdated ideas and superstitions.
The history of trepanation reflects humanity's evolving understanding of health and disease. Whether for therapeutic, religious or psychological reasons, this ancient procedure has left a deep mark on every culture. In modern times, we still need to reflect on the significance and value of these past practices today, as well as their implications for the current development of medicine. What do you think of the culture and beliefs behind this ancient surgery?
