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Why does barium titanate (BTO) play such a critical role in electronic products? Discover its mysterious power!
Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO for short) is an inorganic compound with a variety of unique physical properties. It is a barium salt based on titanate and is widely used in modern electronic products, especially in capacitors, sensors and nonlinear optics applications. Where does the mysterious power of this material come from? Let’s dig a little deeper.
Structure and properties of barium titanate
The structure of barium titanate is crucial to its performance. This material has four crystal phase shapes at different temperatures, namely cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic and rhombohedral. These crystal phases change with temperature from high to low temperatures, and only the cubic phase does not have ferroelectric properties.
In the high-temperature cubic phase of barium titanate, barium ions are located in the center of the cube, while titanium ions stabilize the structure with 12 coordinations. When the temperature is lowered, the titanium ions move to eccentric positions, and this cooperative behavior results in the material's remarkable properties.
These amazing properties make barium titanate widely used in electronic components. The dielectric constant value of up to 7000 makes its application in capacitors particularly prominent. The value can even reach 15000 in the low temperature range, which is much higher than most ceramic and polymer materials.
Production and processing properties
Barium titanate can be synthesized by a relatively simple dissolution-hydrothermal method, or by heating barium carbonate and titanium dioxide. These processes result in materials with excellent physical properties. Research has found that the particle shape of barium titanate has a significant impact on its performance, and its extraordinary grain growth phenomenon is very rare in ceramic materials.
The dielectric constant of full-density nanocrystalline barium titanate is 40% higher than the same material prepared by traditional methods.
Applications of barium titanate
Barium titanate has a wide range of uses. In capacitor applications, it provides stable dielectric properties, and its spontaneous polarization properties make it ideal as a piezoelectric material. Although most of its applications have been gradually replaced by lead zirconate titanate, it still has its place in specific fields.
The spontaneous polarization range of barium titanate single crystals is between 0.15 and 0.26 C/m2, and its Curie temperature is between 120 and 130°C. These values are constantly updated.
In addition to this, barium titanate also plays a key role in thermal imaging sensors, where its thermoelectric properties allow it to detect temperature changes without the use of cooling systems. In addition, barium titanate nanoparticles have also been used as carriers for drug delivery, demonstrating their superior biocompatibility.
Future Outlook
With the advancement of technology, barium titanate will be widely used in more new electronic products, especially in energy storage systems for electric vehicles. The potential of this material remains largely unexplored, and further research is expected to uncover additional applications in new areas.
Stradi Business' analysis points out that high-purity barium titanate powder will become a key component of future electric vehicle energy storage systems.
Barium titanate has unlimited applications, but the rapid development of science and technology also makes us start to reflect. When this mysterious power is fully utilized, what surprises will future electronic technology bring us?
