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Why is the oldest tree in the world a Norway spruce?
In the Dalarna Mountains of Sweden, scientists discovered a Norway spruce named "Old Tikio" that is 9,550 years old and is considered to be the oldest known living tree in the world today. . This tree and this discovery made us wonder, why did this Norway spruce live so long?
Norway spruce grows in high mountains and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and its living environment gives it an amazing lifespan.
Norway spruce, Picea abies, is a member of the genus Picea and grows in temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The tree usually reaches a height of 60 meters and has a characteristic conical crown and circumferential branches. The needles of Norway spruce are tetrahedral and individually attached to a small basal structure, which distinguishes it from other conifers.
Interestingly, Norway spruce reproduce primarily through branch lamination, which allows them to survive in response to adverse environmental conditions.
The tree's ability to reproduce and its adaptability to adverse environments are key factors in its longevity. Spruce trees prefer cold climates and grow in areas with poor soil. Its special tree structure not only provides the necessary support, but also helps it store and withstand long periods of drought or cold.
In addition, scientists point out that spruce is more resilient than other tree species to climate change and changes in ecological conditions. This allows them to maintain their advantage in the long-term competition for survival. Norway spruce wood is more resistant to pests and diseases than other tree species, essentially further extending its survival time.
The aging process of Norway spruce is also influenced by its DNA, a physiological ability that may have developed over thousands of years of evolution.
Further research found that the genetic makeup of the Norway spruce gives it strong survival capabilities. According to the latest genomic research, scientists have discovered that certain features of their genomes can help trees better regulate internal physiological processes to cope with challenges from the external environment. This genetic adaptability is another secret to the spruce's long survival.
Ecological role of Norway spruce
The Norway spruce is not only an ancient tree, it is also a key player in the ecosystem. Its canopy provides habitat for a wide variety of organisms, and its seeds are an important food source for many forest animals. The root system of spruce trees is also vital for soil retention and water trapping, thereby promoting the growth of surrounding vegetation.
These ancient trees play a stabilizing and supporting role in ecosystems, so protecting them is vital for biodiversity.
Conservation and future challenges
As climate change intensifies, the challenges facing Old Tikio and other trees like it are growing. Extreme weather conditions, such as floods, droughts, and pest infestations, can affect the safety of these trees. Therefore, scientists and ecologists have stressed the importance of protecting these ancient trees and called for effective conservation measures to ensure that future generations can witness these natural wonders.
Human management and conservation actions will directly affect the fate of these ancient trees, which is a subject that every inhabitant of the earth is responsible for.
As we learn about the lifespan of Norway spruce and the mysteries of its survival, we can't help but reflect on what we can do for this planet's natural wonders.
