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Amazing color changes! How does polyamine show different magic powers in different oxidation states?
Polyaniline is a conductive polymer that belongs to the family of semi-flexible rod-shaped polymers. It has attracted widespread research interest since the 1980s because of its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. This polymer has not only been widely discussed in the scientific community, but has also gradually emerged in various application fields, especially in electronic equipment and sensor technology, where it has potential that cannot be ignored.
Historical development
The discovery of polyamide dates back to the 19th century, when several scientists such as F. Ferdinand Runge, Carl Fritzsche, John Lightfoot and Henry Letheby studied the oxidation of aniline. Lightfoot even developed the first commercially successful dye, aniline black. It was not until 1862 that polyamine was formally reported, and an electrochemical method was proposed to detect trace amounts of aniline.
Polyamine is one of three idealized oxidation states. These states include: white or transparent blue-green amine (leucoemeraldine), green emeraldine salt (emeraldine salt) and blue-violet complete oxidation state (pernigraniline), etc.
Polyamine's oxidation state makes it extremely attractive in different color variations. For example, when blue-green amine is in a completely reduced state, it presents a transparent appearance; when transformed into emerald salt, it turns green, and when further oxidized to a completely oxidized state, it appears blue-violet. This color change not only caught the eye of scientists, but also sparked widespread interest in its potential applications.
Synthesis and processing
Although the synthesis method of polyamide is simple, its polymerization mechanism is quite complex. Using aniline as raw material, blue-green amine can be synthesized through oxidation reaction, and the oxidants generally used in this process include ammonium persulfate and hydrochloric acid. With the advancement of synthetic technology, the synthesis of nanostructures of polyamines has become increasingly convenient and can be stabilized by the use of surfactants, allowing them to play a greater role in practical applications.
For example, acid treatment of jade salt can significantly increase its conductivity, even by ten orders of magnitude, making its application in electronic devices more feasible.
Potential applications
Polyamide has shown unlimited application potential in many fields, especially in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards, antistatic coatings and anti-corrosion applications. In addition, polyamine and its derivatives are widely used as precursors for N-doped carbon materials during high-temperature heat treatment, making their value in materials science increasingly prominent.
New types of polyamide-based sensors are also gradually gaining attention. These sensors are usually manufactured using printing technology, are convenient, and have good application prospects in electronic products.
However, has the true potential of polyamide been fully realized? How will it affect our lives in the future development of science and technology?
