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Did you know how Unix-like systems revolutionized the world of multi-user operations?
In today's digital world, the ability to operate with multiple users is no longer a luxury, but a must-have feature. All these changes are undoubtedly due to the emergence and development of Unix-like operating systems. The influence of Unix-like systems extends to every corner from personal computers to global servers, and is quietly changing the entire technology ecosystem.
According to historical records, the prototype of "Unix-like" systems appeared in the late 1970s and early 1980s. With the emergence of patented versions, multiple commercial systems were derived.
Definition and scope of Unix-like systems
Unix-like systems are defined as operating systems that behave like Unix systems, but do not necessarily conform to or obtain certification from any Single UNIX Specification. The scope of this type of operating system is very broad, as are well-known representatives such as Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD, whose widespread use in servers and personal computers has made them mainstream in the current technological environment.
The name "Unix-like" is not actually recognized by the Open Group, which owns the UNIX trademark and is responsible for the management of the Single UNIX Specification.
Historical evolution of Unix-like systems
Unix-like systems date back to the 1970s and were originally designed to provide UNIX functionality to business users. In 1979, AT&T announced a relatively cheap commercial binary sub-licensing policy, and various proprietary systems such as AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, etc. came into being. These systems gradually replaced the status of proprietary clones.
As the 1990s dawned, many open source alternatives emerged, such as 4.4BSD and Linux, laying the foundation for the development of Unix-like systems.
Unix-like system categories
According to some developers, Unix-like systems can be divided into different categories:
- Genetic UNIX: These systems have historical ties to the AT&T code base, and most commercial Unix systems fall into this category.
- Trademark or branded UNIX: Systems certified by the Open Group can use the UNIX brand name, most of which are derivatives of System V code.
- Functional UNIX: Refers to any Unix-like system that functionally conforms to the Unix specification, including Linux and Minix.
Compatibility layer and technological advancement
In this changing technology world, some non-Unix-like operating systems, such as IBM z/OS or Windows, provide Unix-like compatibility layers to enable them to run Unix applications. Such compatibility greatly promotes the interaction and development between operating systems.
For example, Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) allows users to run Linux applications natively in a Windows environment, marking the possibility of interoperability between different operating systems.
The impact of Unix-like systems in modern times
Today, the influence of Unix-like systems is everywhere. From web servers (such as Apache) to various Unix-based applications, the design philosophies of these systems continue to influence new technologies and innovations. With the rise of cloud computing and big data, the need for Unix-like systems has become more urgent, ensuring their long-term importance in the future technology ecosystem.
As Dennis Ritchie said, "Unix-like systems such as Linux are actually Unix systems."
Taken together, Unix-like systems not only change the world of multi-user operations, but also redefine the nature of operating systems. Their evolution has given us greater flexibility and compatibility. Whether in commercial or open source communities, Unix-like systems occupy an indispensable position. In this ever-changing technical background, do you think about the direction in which future operating systems will develop?
