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Do you know? The truth about EPN's highly toxic mechanism that causes the nervous system to go out of control!
In the long-term battle against agricultural pests, EPN (O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothionate) has become the first choice of farmers and experts as an effective insecticide. However, the drug's mode of operation is fraught with potential dangers, not just to insects but also to human health. This article will delve into the highly toxic mechanism of EPN and its impact on the nervous system.
The structure and categories of EPN
EPN is a phosphorus-sulfur compound. The most important forms are EPN and its oxide EPNO, in which the sulfur atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms. Both compounds have different isomers, with the (+)-isomer being more toxic to insects and other animals. This structural change allows EPN to show excellent results in combating pests such as European corn borer and rice stem borer.
Mechanism of action
The toxicity of EPN mainly comes from the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE is an enzyme responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. When EPN enters the nervous system, its biotransformation products penetrate further, causing acetylcholine to be unable to be effectively hydrolyzed, thus accumulating in the synapse, causing excessive stimulation. This series of reactions causes most receivers to react vigorously, and the prolongation of reaction time can lead to loss of control of the nervous system.
EPN can enter the nervous system and inhibit AChE, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine and ultimately over-excitability of the nervous system.
Toxic effects
According to reports, EPN has various toxic effects on humans, including sweating, dizziness and nausea, and may even cause convulsions or loss of consciousness. Studies have shown that EPN also exhibits a high degree of toxicity in animal experiments, and can cause toxic reactions through inhalation or skin contact.
Studies in animals have found that EPN may cause immediate reactions or delayed toxicity when consumed or exposed to high doses.
Treatment methods
Currently, there is no specific antidote for the toxicity of EPN. Symptoms of acute poisoning usually appear within twelve hours after exposure, and the treatment method is generally symptomatic treatment with atropine, which can effectively alleviate symptoms.
Occupational toxicity and safety standards
Exposure standards for occupational exposure to EPN vary from country to country. In some cases, long-term exposure to trace amounts of EPN in the working environment may lead to chronic neurological damage. Therefore, good working practices and protective measures are necessary to reduce the risk of exposure.
In addition to agricultural applications, the toxicity of EPN also reminds us to carefully consider its possible effects when using chemical substances. Because the toxic effects of EPN are widespread, from insects to humans, we need to be more vigilant about its possible penetration and aggregation effects.
When we use pesticides, do we fully consider their potential harm to the environment and human health?
